Ideal Factors Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BEASISWA PEMUDA TANGGUH DALAM MENDORONG PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN

This research aims to determine how the Resilient Pemuda Tangguh Scholarship policy is implemented to encourage improvements in the quality of education, especially expanding access to education for Surabaya City residents from underprivileged family backgrounds. Qualitative methods with primary and secondary data were applied in this research. Primary data was obtained from interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from other research documents, documents from related agencies, and online news related to the Resilient Pemuda Tangguh Scholarship. After the data is collected, analysis is carried out through data reduction, data display, and inference/verification stages. The informants used by researchers include students from schools who have not submitted monthly reports for the last three months, and staff of the Sub-Coordinator of Public Welfare as the party responsible for the Resilient Pemuda Tangguh Scholarship policy. Based on the analysis of Smith's four theoretical variables, namely ideal policy, target group, implementing organization, and environmental factors, this policy is considered successful in improving the quality of education for underprivileged families, although there are still 1,800 participants who do not submit monthly reports due to lack of awareness of this obligation.

Trends in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health scores in the Kailuan population from 2006 to 2011.

The American Heart Association defines cardiovascular health in terms of four behaviors (smoking, diet, physical activity, and body weight) and three factors (plasma glucose, cholesterol, and blood pressure). By this definition, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors (ICHBF) is negatively correlated with all-cause mortality and risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and malignancy. To investigate the changing trends of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health scores in the Kailuan study population from 2006 to 2011. The Kailuan population data from three health checkups held in 2006-2007, 2008-2009, and 2010-2011 were analyzed, and the constituent ratios of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behaviors and factors at ideal, intermediate, and poor levels were calculated by using Huffman and Capewell method. Simultaneously, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behavior and factor scores were calculated. From 2006 to 2007, the proportion of people with ideal physical exercise, low salt diet, ideal body mass index, ideal total cholesterol level, no smoking, ideal blood sugar, and ideal blood pressure was 13.12%, 9.34%, 49.17%, 64.20%, 49.27%, 69.99%, and 20.55%, respectively, in men with a health score of 8.46, and 12.00%, 9.13%, 61.60%, 64.28%, 98.19%, 78.90% and 36.92% in women, with a score of 10.02. From 2008 to 2009, the proportion was 16.09%, 14.04%, 51.94%, 65.02%, 40.18%, 66.44%, and 17.04% in men, with a score of 8.18, and 16.860%, 17.360%, 64.010%, 67.433%, 98.220%, 76.370%, and 42.340% in women, with a score of 10.12. From 2010 to 2011, the proportion was 12.22%, 17.65%, 49.40%, 68.33%, 48.17%, 64.67%, and 14.68% in males, having a score of 8.21, while in females, the proportion was 11.83%, 18.09%, 49.40%, 67.85%, 98.82%, 74.52%, and 37.78%, with a score of 9.90. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health behaviors and factors is low in the Kailuan study population due to inadequate scores of relevant health metrics.

Association between cardiovascular health and perceived quality of life in ethnically diverse adults: insights from the Community of Mine study using the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7.

The association between cardiovascular health (CVH) with perceived quality of life (PQoL) and variations by sex and Hispanic ethnicity is not well understood. This study included 583 participants (42% Hispanic, 56% female, mean age 59years). Linear regression modeled the covariate-adjusted associations between CVH, using the combined 7 components of Life's Simple 7 (LS7; ideal and intermediate, compared to poor), and PQoL (total and physical, social, and cognitive health domains). For individual LS7 components, we assessed effect modification by sex and Hispanic ethnicity. Compared to individuals with poor CVH, those with intermediate (β [95% CI] = 0.22 [0.09, 0.35]) and ideal (β [95% CI] = 0.22 [0.08, 0.36]) CVH had higher overall PQoL. This effect was dominated by the physical PQoL domain. Of LS7 components, ideal body mass index (BMI) (β [95% CI] = 0.17 [0.03, 0.31]) and physical activity (β [95% CI] = 0.26 [0.12, 0.40]) were associated with overall PQoL. Ideal diet (β [95% CI] = 0.32 [0.08, 0.56]) and fasting plasma glucose (β [95% CI] = 0.32 [0.06, 0.58]) were associated with the physical PQoL domain. A higher PQoL score was associated with intermediate BMI in women, and physical PQoL was associated with smoking for women. A BMI*Hispanic interaction resulted in larger associations between intermediate/ideal BMI and physical PQoL in non-Hispanics. Ideal or intermediate CVH health factors and health behaviors were associated with higher PQoL. Sex and ethnicity differences suggest that perceived quality of life is associated with BMI for women and non-Hispanics.

Determination of Ideal Factors for Early Adoption and Standardization of Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing for Respiratory System Infections.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) demonstrates great promise as a diagnostic tool for determining the cause of pathogenic infections. The standard diagnostic procedures (SDP) include smears and cultures and are typically viewed as less sensitive and more time-consuming when compared to mNGS. There are concerns about the logistics and ease of transition from SDP to mNGS. mNGS lacks standardization of collection processes, databases, and sequencing. Additionally, there is the burden of training clinicians on interpreting mNGS results. Until now, few studies have explored factors that could be used as early adoption candidates to ease the transition between SDP and mNGS. This study evaluated 123 patients who had received both SDP and mNGS and compared several variables across a diagnostic test evaluation. The diagnostic test evaluation observed metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR, NLR), positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), and accuracy. Factors included various sample sources such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung tissue, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). An additional factor observed was the patient's immune status. Pathogen detection was found to be significantly greater for mNGS for total patients, BALF sample source, CSF sample source, and non-immunocompromised patients (p<0.05). Pathogen detection was found to be insignificant for lung tissue sample sources and immunocompromised patients. Sensitivity, PLR, NLR, PPV, NPV, and accuracy appeared to be higher with mNGS for the total patients, BALF sample source, and non-immunocompromised patients when compared with SDP (p<0.05). With higher metrics in sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for overall patients, mNGS may prove a better diagnostic tool than SDP. When addressing sample sources, mNGS for BALF-collected samples appeared to have higher scores than SDP for the same metrics. When patients were in a non-immunocompromised state, mNGS also demonstrated greater diagnostic benefits to BALF and overall patients compared to SDP. This study demonstrates that using BALF as a sample source and selecting non-immunocompromised patients may prove beneficial as early adoption factors for mNGS standard protocol. Such a study may pave the road for mNGS as a routine clinical method for determining the exact pathogenic etiology of lung infections.

A High-Quality and Space-Efficient Design for Memristor Emulation

The paper presents a new design for a compact memristor emulator that uses a single active component and a grounded capacitor. This design incorporates a current backward transconductance amplifier as the active element, enabling the emulation of both grounded and floating memristors in incremental and decremental modes. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the circuit, covering ideal, non-ideal, and parasitic factors. The theoretical performance of the memristor emulator is confirmed through post-layout simulations with 180 nm generic process design kit (gpdk) technology, demonstrating its capability to operate at low voltages (±1 V) with minimal power consumption. Additionally, the emulator shows strong performance under variations in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT) and functions effectively at a frequency of 2 MHz. Experimental validation using commercially available integrated circuits further supports the proposed design.

Association between life’s essential 8 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among US adults

BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Clinical evidences have demonstrated the link between MASLD and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. We aimed to investigate the relationship between Life’s Essential 8 (LE8), an enhanced approach to assessing cardiovascular health(CVH), and MASLD.MethodsData were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2017–2020 cycles. MASLD was assessed by the latest diagnostic criteria. LE8 scores (range 0–100) were obtained from measurements based on American Heart Association definitions, divided into health factor and health behavior scores. Multivariable logistic and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess the associations.Results5646 participants were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 2616 (46.33%) participants were diagnosed with MASLD. After adjusting for confounding variables, higher LE8 scores were associated with a lower risk of MASLD (OR = 0.19, 95%CI 0.17–0.21; P < 0.001), similar associations were also observed between health behavior and health factor scores with MASLD. Subgroup analyses illustrated that the negative association between LE8 score and MASLD was stronger among younger, non − Hispanic White, and never married participants.ConclusionsIn this nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, LE8 scores, health behavior scores, and health factor scores were negatively associated with the prevalence of MASLD in non-linear fashions. Subjects maintaining ideal health factors and health behaviors are less likely to develop MASLD. Public health policies are needed to advocate healthy behaviors and factors.

Solving a Multi-Objective Optimization Problem of a Two-Stage Helical Gearbox with Second-Stage Double Gear Sets Using the MAIRCA Method

This paper provides a novel application of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to the multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP) of creating a two-stage helical gearbox (TSHG) with second-stage double gear sets (SDGSs). The aim of the study is to determine the optimum major design components for enhancing the gearbox efficiency while reducing the gearbox volume. In this work, three primary design parameters are chosen to accomplish this: the gear ratio of the first stage and the coefficients of the wheel face width (CWFW) of the first and second stages. Additionally, the study is conducted with two distinct objectives in mind: the lowest gearbox volume and the maximum gearbox efficiency. Moreover, phase 1 and phase 2, respectively, are the two stages of the MOOP. Phase 2 handles the MOOP to identify the ideal primary design factors as well as the single-objective optimization problem to minimize the difference between the variable levels. Additionally, the Multi-Attributive Ideal–Real Comparative Analysis (MAIRCA) approach is selected to deal with the MOOP. The results of the study are utilized to determine the ideal values for three crucial design parameters in order to create a TSHG with SDGSs.

Application of a Multi-Criterion Decision-Making Method for Solving the Multi-Objective Optimization of a Two-Stage Helical Gearbox

This paper provides a novel application of a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) method to the multi-objective optimization problem of designing a two-stage helical gearbox. This study’s goal is to identify the ideal primary design elements that increase gearbox efficiency while reducing the gearbox cross-section area. In this work, three primary design parameters were selected for investigation: the gear ratio of the first stage and the coefficients of wheel face width (CWFW) of the first and second stages. The multi-objective optimization problem was further split into two phases: phase 1 solved the single-objective optimization problem of minimizing the gap between the variable levels, and phase 2 solved the multi-objective optimization issue of identifying the ideal key design factors. Moreover, the multi-objective optimization problem was handled by the SAW method as an MCDM approach, and the weight criteria were computed using the entropy approach. This study’s significant characteristics are as follows: First, a multi-objective optimization problem was successfully solved using the MCDM approach (SAW technique) for the first time. Second, the power losses in idle motion were investigated in this work in order to determine the efficiency of a two-stage helical gearbox. From this study’s findings, the ideal values for three major design parameters can be determined for the design of a two-stage helical gearbox.

Food Insecurity and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors Among US Adolescents.

Food insecurity, a social and economic condition of limited availability of healthy food, is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health outcomes among adults; few studies have been conducted in adolescents. This study explores the association between food insecurity and cardiovascular health risk factors among a nationally representative sample of US adolescents, adopting the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 metric. We analyzed data from 2534 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from the 2013 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. In the sample, 24.8% of adolescents lived in food-insecure households. After multivariable adjustment, food insecurity was associated with a 3.23-unit lower total Life's Essential 8 score (95% CI, -6.32, -0.15) and lower scores on diet quality (β=-5.39 [95% CI, -8.91, -1.87]) and nicotine exposure (β=-4.85 [95% CI, -9.24, -0.45]). Regarding diet, food insecurity was associated with 5% lower Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores [95% CI, -7%, -2%], particularly lower intakes of whole grains and seafood/plant proteins and marginally higher intake of added sugar. Regarding nicotine exposure, food insecurity was associated with ever use of a tobacco product among m (odds ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.20-2.53]). Compared with their food-secure counterparts, food-insecure male (odds ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.07-3.65]) and female (odds ratio, 3.22 [95% CI, 1.60-6.45]) adolescents had higher odds of living with a current indoor smoker. In this nationally representative sample of adolescents, food insecurity was associated with multiple indicators of cardiovascular health risk. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions and policies to reduce food insecurity and improve cardioprotective behaviors during adolescence, with particular efforts targeting diet quality and nicotine exposure.

Causality-Inspired Invariant Representation Learning for Text-Based Person Retrieval

Text-based Person Retrieval (TPR) aims to retrieve relevant images of specific pedestrians based on the given textual query. The mainstream approaches primarily leverage pretrained deep neural networks to learn the mapping of visual and textual modalities into a common latent space for cross-modality matching. Despite their remarkable achievements, existing efforts mainly focus on learning the statistical cross-modality correlation found in training data, other than the intrinsic causal correlation. As a result, they often struggle to retrieve accurately in the face of environmental changes such as illumination, pose, and occlusion, or when encountering images with similar attributes. In this regard, we pioneer the observation of TPR from a causal view. Specifically, we assume that each image is composed of a mixture of causal factors (which are semantically consistent with text descriptions) and non-causal factors (retrieval-irrelevant, e.g., background), and only the former can lead to reliable retrieval judgments. Our goal is to extract text-critical robust visual representation (i.e., causal factors) and establish domain invariant cross-modality correlations for accurate and reliable retrieval. However, causal/non-causal factors are unobserved, so we emphasize that ideal causal factors that can simulate causal scenes should satisfy two basic principles:1） Independence: being independent of non-causal factors, and 2）Sufficiency: being causally sufficient for TPR across different environments. Building on that, we propose an Invariant Representation Learning method for TPR (IRLT), that enforces the visual representations to satisfy the two aforementioned critical properties. Extensive experiments on three datasets clearly demonstrate the advantages of IRLT over leading baselines in terms of accuracy and generalization.

Cardiovascular Health in Black and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among U.S. adults has been rising annually, with a higher incidence rate in Black and Hispanic adults than in Whites. The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined cardiovascular health according to the achievement of seven health behaviors (smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose). Optimal cardiovascular health has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and awareness of this risk may influence healthy behaviors. This study aimed to assess cardiovascular health in a sample of Black and Hispanic adults (age: 18-40 years) with T2DM and explore the barriers and facilitators to diabetes self-management and cardiovascular health. This was an explanatory sequential mixed-method design. The study staff recruited adults with T2DM for the quantitative data followed by qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants using maximum variation sampling. The seven indices of cardiovascular health as defined by the AHA's "Life's Simple 7" were assessed: health behaviors (smoking, BMI, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, A1C). Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore their results as well as the effects of the pandemic on diabetes self-management. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated into the final analysis phase. The majority of the sample was female, with 63% identifying as Black and 47% as Hispanic. The factor with the lowest achievement of ideal levels was BMI, followed by a healthy diet. Less than half achieved ideal levels of blood pressure or physical activity. Themes that emerged from the qualitative data included the impact of social support, the effects of the pandemic on their lives, and educating themselves about T2DM. Achievement of ideal cardiovascular health factors varied, but the achievement of several health factors may be interrelated. Intervening on even one factor while providing social support may improve other areas of cardiovascular health in this population.

The role of lifestyle in the association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease: a national cohort study in China

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by air pollution poses a considerable burden on public health. We aim to examine whether lifestyle factors mediate the associations of air pollutant exposure with the risk of CVD and the extent of the interaction between lifestyles and air pollutant exposure regarding CVD outcomes.MethodsWe included 7000 participants in 2011–2012 and followed up until 2018. The lifestyle evaluation consists of six factors as proxies, including blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, body mass index, tobacco exposure, and physical activity, and the participants were categorized into three lifestyle groups according to the number of ideal factors (unfavorable, 0–1; intermediate, 2–4; and favorable, 5–6). Satellite-based spatiotemporal models were used to estimate exposure to ambient air pollutants (including particles with diameters ≤ 1.0 μm [PM1], ≤ 2.5 μm [PM2.5], ≤ 10 μm [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and ozone [O3]). Cox regression models were used to examine the associations between air pollutant exposure, lifestyles and the risk of CVD. The mediation and modification effects of lifestyle categories on the association between air pollutant exposure and CVD were analyzed.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, per 10 μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM1 (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14), PM2.5 (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08), PM10 (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.08), and NO2 (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.18) was associated with an increased risk of CVD. Adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of CVD compared to an unfavorable lifestyle (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.56–0.76 for intermediate lifestyle and HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32–0.53 for favorable lifestyle). Lifestyle played a significant partial mediating role in the contribution of air pollutant exposure to CVD, with the mediation proportion ranging from 7.4% for PM10 to 14.3% for PM2.5. Compared to an unfavorable lifestyle, the relative excess risk due to interaction for a healthier lifestyle to reduce the effect on CVD risk was − 0.98 (− 1.52 to − 0.44) for PM1, − 0.60 (− 1.05 to − 0.14) for PM2.5, − 1.84 (− 2.59 to − 1.09) for PM10, − 1.44 (− 2.10 to − 0.79) for NO2, and − 0.60 (− 1.08, − 0.12) for O3.ConclusionsLifestyle partially mediated the association of air pollution with CVD, and adherence to a healthy lifestyle could protect middle-aged and elderly people from the adverse effects of air pollution regarding CVD.

COMPARISON OF EQUILIBRIUM AND IDEAL SEPARATION FACTORS IN DISTILLATION PROCESSES

The effective, equilibrium, and ideal separation factors in distillation processes (β, β0, and βi respectively) are considered in relation to dependences β(β0), β0(βi), and β(βi). On the examples of substances “base (Cd, Те, S, Zn, Se or As) – impurity”, a comparison of β0 and βi was made. The conclusion is made about the limited possibility of using the factor βi instead of β0 in distillation calculations: β0 ~ βi if βi differs from unity by no more than one order of magnitude; the divergency β0/βi increases with increasing deviation βi from unity.

PACT-UK (PAncreatic Cancer reporting Template–UK): a cross-specialty multi-institutional consensus panel development of a standardised radiological reporting proforma for pancreatic cancer

ObjectiveAppropriate staging of pancreatic cancer is essential to ensure patients are offered all treatment options. This multispecialty national collaborative consensus project aimed to develop a succinct radiological reporting template, using...

Unexpected high performance of ZIF-8 membranes for 1,3-butadiene purification

The purification of 1,3-butadiene from C4 hydrocarbon mixtures currently relies on energy-intensive extractive distillation. In this study, we employed ZIF membranes for this challenging separation for the first time, unveiling their superior capability in isolating 1,3-butadiene from other C4 hydrocarbons with similar sizes, including 1-butene, isobutene, and n-butane. This strong sieving effect was evident from two types of ZIF-8 membranes: one with low crystallinity fabricated via the all-vapor-phase ligand-induced permselectivation (LIPS) method and another with high crystallinity synthesized through the seeded growth method. The gas permeances decreased with increasing kinetic diameters, following the order of 1,3-butadiene (4.31 Å) > 1-butene (4.46 Å) > n-butane (4.687 Å) > isobutene (4.84 Å). The LIPS-ZIF-8 membrane exhibited a high 1,3-butadiene permeance of approximately 1.43 × 10−7 mol/m2 s Pa (∼430 GPU) and ideal separation factors of 18, 56, and 134 for 1,3-butadiene over 1-butene, n-butane, and isobutene, respectively. In separating four-component C4 mixtures, these membranes could enrich 1,3-butadiene content from 50% in the feed to 96–98% in the permeate through a single separation step. This unprecedented performance is attributed to differences in C4 diffusivities that span several orders of magnitude.

Achieving Ideal and Environmentally Stable n-Type Charge Transport in Polymer Field-Effect Transistors.

Realizing ideal charge transport in field-effect transistors (FETs) of conjugated polymers is crucial for evaluating device performance, such as carrier mobility and practical applications of conjugated polymers. However, the current FETs using conjugated polymers as the active layers generally show certain non-ideal transport characteristics and poor stability. Here, ideal charge transport of n-type polymer FETs is achieved on flexible polyimide substrates by using an organic-inorganic hybrid double-layer dielectric. Deposited conjugated polymer films show highly ordered structures and low disorder, which are supported by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure, and molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, the organic-inorganic hybrid double-layer dielectric provides low interfacial defects, leading to excellent charge transport in FETs with high electron mobility (1.49 ± 0.46 cm2V-1s-1) and ideal reliability factors (102 ± 7%). Fabricated polymer FETs show a self-encapsulation effect, resulting in high stability of the FET charge transport. The polymer FETs still work with high mobility above 1 cm2V-1s-1 after storage in air for more than 300 days. Compared with state-of-the-art conjugated polymer FETs, this work simultaneously achieves ideal charge transport and environmental stability in n-type polymer FETs, facilitating rapid device optimization of high-performance polymer electronics.

Effect of Caesalpinia decapetala on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Epoxy Composites

The present research investigates the wear characteristics of an epoxy composite reinforced with a novel Caesalpinia decapetala (CD) shell. The CD is available abundantly worldwide, especially in Ethiopia, particularly in East and West Oromia near West Harar. The composite specimens were processed in the open mould casting technique by varying the vol.% of CD in 10, 20, and 30. EDS is used to evaluate the important elements present in the CD. The density of composites increases with the increase in the content of CD, while the void content estimations reveal good control over the composite fabrication. The wear response of composites is investigated by varying the sliding distance and load and by maintaining a fixed velocity (5 m/s). At a 5 km slide distance and 50 N load, the 30 vol.% Caesalpinia decapetala composition depicts better wear resistance and friction coefficient than other compositions. Experimental results are used to envisage the ideal wear factors and to assess the influence of parameters over the two wear objectives, wear rate and CoF. The grey relational analysis- (GRA-) coupled artificial neural network (ANN) hybrid technique was employed for the prediction and validation. It has been observed that a trivial error of 0.49% amidst GRA and ANN estimation is observed.

Disease Diagnosis with Chemosensing, Artificial Intelligence, and Prospective Contributions of Nanoarchitectonics

In modern materials research, nanotechnology will play a game-changing role, with nanoarchitectonics as an overarching integrator of the field and artificial intelligence hastening its progress as a super-accelerator. We would like to discuss how this schema can be utilized in the context of specific applications, with exemplification using disease diagnosis. In this paper, we focus on early, noninvasive disease diagnosis as a target application. In particular, recent trends in chemosensing in the detection of cancer and Parkinson’s disease are reviewed. The concept has been gaining traction as dynamic volatile metabolite profiles have been increasingly associated with disease onset, making them promising diagnostic tools in early stages of disease. We also discuss advances in nanoarchitectonic chemosensors, which are theoretically ideal form factors for diagnostic chemosensing devices. Last but not least, we shine the spotlight on the rise to prominence and emergent contributions of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent works, which have elucidated a strong synergy between chemosensing and AI. The powerful combination of nanoarchitectonic chemosensors and AI could challenge our current notions of disease diagnosis. Disease diagnosis and detection of emerging viruses are important challenges facing society. The parallel development of advanced functional materials for sensing is necessary to support and enable AI methodologies in making technological leaps in applications. The material and structural formative technologies of nanoarchitectonics are critical in meeting these challenges.

Defining the physician global assessment threshold equivalent to remission in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The optimal threshold of the physician global assessment (PGA) for remission in SLE has never been evaluated systematically. The aim of this study was to assess the ideal PGA threshold associated with physician remission and to investigate its impact on remission rates in our lupus cohort. In this monocentric cross-sectional study, patients with SLE were evaluated for physician remission by asking the treating physicians whether they considered their patient to be in remission, regardless of objective remission criteria. Furthermore, two objective remission definitions were applied: (i) DORIS (Definition Of Remission In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) remission using a PGA of <2 (0-10) (corresponding to <0.5 on a visual analogue scale 0-3 used in DORIS); and (ii) DORIS remission with omission of PGA (modDORIS). A receiver operating characteristic analysis and regression analyses were performed to assess the ideal PGA threshold and factors influencing PGA. Of the 233 patients included, 126 patients (54.0%) were in physician remission, 42.5% in DORIS remission and 67.0% in modDORIS remission. A PGA of <2 [numeric rating scale (NRS) 0-10] had the highest sensitivity (79%) and specificity (81%) for physician remission and modDORIS (area under the curve 0.85 and 0.69). PGA of patients fulfilling any of the remission definitions was associated with pain and hypocomplementemia. Damage was numerically higher in patients in modDORIS only; no association between PGA and damage was found in regression analysis. Using a PGA threshold of <2 (0-10), corresponding to <0.6 (0-3), resulted in best prediction of physician remission. PGA levels seem to be influenced by pain and complement levels but not disease damage.

Improvement of micro-EDM drilling efficiency on Inconel 625

Micro-level drilling is a crucial production technique that is utilised in many different industries. In this experimental effort, research is conducted by drilling holes 600 µm in diameter, 5 mm deep, and 9 numbers apart. Because of its exceptional mechanical properties, highest corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance, Inconel 625 is chosen as the working material. The optimum relevant input variables are necessary to get better efficiency of machining effectiveness on that material. The process was carried out with micro EDM while considering different processes into account. In order to identify the ideal factors, optimisation methods like Taguchi analysis was adopte. According to the findings, current is the most important procedure limitation on TWR and MRR, preceded by pulse inactive time. An ideal process factor has improved the drilling performance of micro-EDM.