Idea Of Tolerance Research Articles

Interreligious relations in Russia: the role of United Nations documents in correcting legal principles

More than one and a half years have passed since the adoption of the UN Resolution on Religious Tolerance, approved by Russia. However, the content of UN documents of recent months, including in Russian, contradicts the Resolution, which belittles its significance and hinders the institutionalization of religious tolerance in Russia. The role of the UN in the correction of interreligious relations in Russia is investigated. The aim of the study was to explore ways of promoting the institutionalization of religious tolerance in Russia by the UN. The objectives of the study were to compare the principles of interreligious relations in Russia and religious tolerance, to identify shortcomings in the UN documents on reflecting the ideas of the Resolution on religious tolerance. The research is new. Research methodology - dialectics with elements of other methodological approaches (abstract cut, falsification, etc.), methods - comparative legal analysis, study of documents, generalization, schematization and others. The study substantiated the advantages of religious tolerance in comparison with the existing principles of interreligious relations in Russia. Hundreds of conflicting provisions of UN documents on tolerance issues have been identified. It was concluded that the UN position on religious tolerance looks lightweight, as a result of which the idea of tolerance is harmed more than if the UN position did not exist at all. The necessity of changing the approach to reflecting the ideas of religious tolerance in the UN documents, as well as correcting documents in accordance with the Declaration of Principles of Tolerance, has been substantiated.

De paradoxale strijd van Esperanto voor tolerantie

This article investigates the influence of tolerance in the evolution of Esperanto as an artificial language. The idea of tolerance, embedded in the fundamental values of Esperanto, suffered from the social evolution of increasing intolerance. The most important historical factors that contributed to the increasing intolerance towards users of Esperanto are examined.

Идея веротерпимости Джозефа Аддисона (на основе материалов журнала «Зритель»)

The article is devoted to ideas of toleration of Joseph Addison, a famous English journalist of the early XVIIIth century. The author comes to conclusion that the concept of Addison's religious tolerance is heterogeneous, it consists of two separate programs. With regard to the population of England and the various directions of Protestantism, Addison proclaimed the freedom of conscience. He negatively wrote about the persecution of dissenters, urged the believers in England to be cleansed of fanaticism and superstition. Publicist sincerely believed that the Christian doctrine was too beautiful that apply violence to his truths, that any contradictions can be resolved by peaceful methods based on morality and a reasonable approach. Addison became different when he talked about other non-christian religions. He did not perceive them as religious doctrines; he saw in them only a basis for criticism, philosophical reflections or jokes. Atheism, completely inconsistent with his worldview, Addison openly denied, considering it a stupid and vicious practice. All descriptions of non-Christian cults are united in one thing: the exaltation of Christianity over all other creeds, the recognition of the teachings of Christ as the best source of beauty and inspiration in the World.

George Keith (1639–1716), an intellectual geography of tolerance from Presbyterian Scotland to Quaker Pennsylvania

ABSTRACTGeorge Keith (1639–1716) was a prolific pamphleteer at the turn of the seventeenth century who moved between several religious denominations (Presbyterianism, Quakerism and Latitudinarian Anglicanism) and geographically between Scotland, the Dutch Republic, the American colonies and England. Defences of liberty of conscience were at the core of his writings which combined his doctrine of Immediate Revelation with Quaker pacifism and were shaped by the influences of Cambridge Platonist Henry More as well as other thinkers of toleration. This essay exposes the connections between Keith’s ideas about tolerance and these intellectual influences. It considers how his proselyte programme for toleration was impacted by his mobility across different religious landscapes. Keith becomes a case study to consider how geographical loci – defined in time and space – can shape ideas of toleration.

The Idea of Tolerance – John Locke and Immanuel Kant

The Idea of Tolerance – John Locke and Immanuel Kant

TOLERANSI DALAM ISLAM

Tolerance is an attitude that needed by people how to live in peace and love in the society which is different in culture, religion, social economy and soon. There is no word tolerance founded in the al-Qur`an, but explicitly, al-Qur`an explained the idea of tolerance that related to the Islamic teaching and the norm that used by muslim people to live side by side in the society which is different in religion, culture, and social economy

GENDER PARTNERSHIP AND TOLERANCE PHENOMENON

Purpose. The article analyzes the role of such a phenomenon as tolerance in a partnership between a man and a woman, emphasizing its importance and necessity in their relations. The purpose of the study is to estimate the role of the tolerance phenomenon in the process of gender partnership. Theoretical basis. The works of domestic and foreign scientists contributed to estimate the function of tolerance during communication, cooperation and co-creation. In this paper the methodology of E. Fromm and N. Khamitov’s metaanthropology is used. Originality. It was proved that the success of a gender partnership depends on how tolerant its participants are to each other. Besides this, it has been established that tolerance is the main criterion for gender partnership. The idea of tolerance is considered as the way to fruitful development of human relations. For the first time it has been determined that gender partnership can be manifested on the ordinary, frontier and metafrontier levels of human existence. Tolerance has its own specifics and a manifestation on each of them. Conclusions. Metaanthropology has helped to estimate the role of tolerance among men and women in the partnership process. So, it can be stated that tolerance is a basis for gender partnership that harmonizes the relationship among a man and a woman and makes them egalitarian. Only on the metafrontier level of human being tolerance can be manifestation of individual integrity. Sincere, open interaction and creative work with Other are formed on this foundation. Thus, gender partnership with inexhaustible, complementary potential is the vector of development of human relations.

Toleration and modus vivendi

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to explore some connections between the ideas of toleration and modus vivendi, principally through a critical engagement with the work of John Gray. In particular, it argues that while Gray is right to see a connection between modus vivendi and a particular conception of toleration (here referred to as the ‘traditional conception’) it is both problematic and potentially confusing to tie either of these ideas, as he does, to a theory of value-pluralism. Instead, they should be viewed as distinct but partially overlapping and often mutually supportive ideas, the relevance of which are best explained in terms of the need or desire of people to live together under conditions of conflict about the worth of different ways of life, and motivated by a variety of pragmatic and principled concerns. The paper also offers a modest defence of the traditional conception of toleration against some of its critics, arguing that such a practice of toleration, if supported by a modus vivendi, can provide a peaceable means of accommodating differences in a way that is broadly accepted, although neither ideal nor necessarily uncontested, by both tolerators and the tolerated.

METHODS OF COUNTERING THE SPREAD OF RADICAL IDEAS IN RUSSIA: CURRENT PERSPECTIVE

Radicalism is a real threat to the multiethnic people of the Russian Federation. Radical ideas sometimes enjoy certain popularity and are presented in the programs of political parties and movements in Russia. The authors consider methods for counteracting the spread of radical ideas. They consider the sociocultural and educational methods that have a direct impact on the population and introduce the ideas of tolerance towards others as effective. They are not intrusive and operate in conditions of the today political processes. The authors cover the gap existing in that area of Russian political science.

Diversity, toleration and recent social contract theory

Ryan Muldoon has recently advanced an interesting and original bargaining model of the social contract as an alternative to Rawlsian social contract theory and political liberalism. This model is said to provide a more plausible account of social stability and the acceptance of diversity, at least as compared to those approaches that emphasize the traditional liberal idea of toleration. I challenge this claim by pursuing three criticisms of Muldoon’s new social contract theory. First, the principle of distribution that he proposes is likely to be rejected by some (or even many) members of the public, due to its indeterminacy or highly inegalitarian implications. Second, Muldoon tends to reduce the benefits of cooperation to gains from trade, ignoring other cooperative benefits that complicate his call for small-scale social experimentation. Finally, while motivating the acceptance of diversity is a commendable goal, distinguishing more defensible conceptions of toleration from less defensible conceptions requires attending to those elements of political liberalism that Muldoon seems to abandon, namely, standards of public reason and public justification.

Response: Postexceptionalist Puritanism: Rocking the Foundations

Response: Postexceptionalist Puritanism: Rocking the Foundations

Is person-centered therapy (PCT) a radical alternative to today’s individual and political situation or a failed revolution?

ABSTRACTThe person-centered approach (PCA) is under review for possible updates in the fields in which I am primarily involved: psychotherapy, psychotherapy education (both in Austria) and, more generally, in today’s society. Adapting the PCA to the 21st century implies neither modification nor improvement of the original concept, but its adjustment to a changing world in such way as to generate enthusiastic support for it. Person-centered therapy’s success is based on the grasp of the conception of the human being, the paradigm of the ‘person’ and the idea of relation involved, in addition to the often cited basic beliefs. PCA stresses an inner attitude as a basis on which harmonious co-existence in life can be built. Rogers called the PCA a quiet revolution. In what state is the revolution he promoted? Is it too silent, or has it yet to start after the lapse of so many years? How can we help the immature PCA to ‘grow up’ and assume an individual identity? I hypothesize that the problem lies not only in a mistaken idea of tolerance, but also in a reluctance to making oneself visible as a person, and that these are obstacles to a widespread and popular PCA.

Dissensus and Toleration: Reconsidering Tolerance in the Age of Enlightenment

Dissensus and Toleration: Reconsidering Tolerance in the Age of Enlightenment Ourida Mostefai (bio) What do we mean when we speak of the Age of Enlightenment as the Age of tolerance? This contribution seeks to address what may at first glance seem an obvious question but turns out upon reflection to warrant serious consideration. For we know that the so-called Age of Reason was also an era of religious and political strife during which violence and fanaticism were omnipresent. Indeed, Enlightenment Europe was largely dominated by the conflicts that arose from the presence of rival faiths vying for political power and control. In the British Isles as well as on the continent in the lands regulated by the Treaty of Westphalia, violence and war fueled by religious zeal were regular and common occurrences. The period witnessed countless cases of intolerance and persecution, some of which continue to be uncovered even today.1 Thus the legacy of the Enlightenment includes numerous examples of fanaticism, of which the Calas Affair, thanks to Voltaire, is arguably the most famous.2 Indeed, recent studies have challenged the narrative of tolerance. A number of revisionist histories have shown in particular that in early-modern Europe the relatively peaceful coexistence of individuals of different faiths—Christians, Jews, and Muslims—was the result of a series of negotiations and arrangements that affected the rituals and practices of everyday life.3 Today, however, Western Europe seems to have forgotten this history of [End Page 269] dissension, and together with it the lessons it ought to have learned from the experience of conflict. In the wake of the Charlie Hebdo affair, it seems essential to recall the fanaticism and persecution that continued to exist during the Enlightenment. It is time to revise the myth of the age of tolerance as a period of consensus and to focus instead on the antagonisms surrounding this question. Recalling the violence and sharpness of this dissensus might actually lead to a better understanding of the current phenomenon of religiosity and plurality of beliefs in the West today. It might help us reconceptualize models for peaceful coexistence between different groups and help formulate new ways of handling what Etienne Balibar refers to as “dissonance” in the public sphere.4 More specifically, a return to the dissensus produced in and by the Enlightenment around the question of the free exercise of religion might also help us understand the problems raised by the new visibility of non-Christian religions in the west (Islam and Judaism) and allow for a better assessment of the phenomenon of religiosity today. But first, it is important to recall that the idea of toleration that emerged from the period of Enlightenment does not consist in a minimal form of acceptance reluctantly granted to minority groups but in a true theory of human freedom and civil rights. A brief examination of John Locke’s A Letter concerning Toleration, one of the key texts of this tradition, reveals a forceful argument for an active duty of tolerance and a truly global vision of the question of religious freedom.5 Locke’s Letter offers a theoretical discussion of toleration as the foundation for the possibility of political freedom and civil rights that is accompanied by a series of pragmatic proposals. Largely neglected today, this text deserves serious reconsideration. In the context of the new rise of intolerance and fanaticism, Locke’s Letter still holds important lessons for us and for our modernity. Written in the wake of the Exclusion Crisis and in the immediate aftermath of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Locke’s Letter argues that religious persecution is as much a crime against religion as against the state.6 Locke opens his argument by positing tolerance as grounded equally in the Gospel and in human reason, defining toleration as “the chief characteristic mark of the true church.”7 For Locke, “true and saving religion consists in the inward persuasion of the mind” (18), and sincerity of belief is fundamental to salvation. To coerce or be coerced into believing are properly sins against God and incompatible with salvation: thus, nobody (no person or institution) has “any just right to invade the civil...

Pragmatic and stylistic aspects of expressing tolerance in modern American short stories

In the article, the aspects and types of such stylistic device as foregrounding are investigated in the short stories of contemporary American writers. The quantitative aspect of foregrounding prevails in flash fiction stories which is realized by means of stylistic convergence and parallelism. Convergences are mainly used in strong positions, especially in the endings, as in the stories by J. Updike, D. Galef, D.Eggers. The qualitative aspect of foregrounding is expressed with the help of tropes such as metaphor, simile and oxymoron which are also present in strong positions – titles, beginnings, endings (the stories by G. Paley, D. Galef, J. Updike). The idea of tolerance, sympathy, understanding is dominant in many flash fiction stories. Foregrounding, especially in the strong positions of the stories, emphasizes this idea, thus producing a strong pragmatic, emotional effect. Due to such device in the endings many flash fiction stories can be called modern parables of life, love, justice.

The role of communication in tolerance education

The idea of tolerance, which has a long historical background, has become a necessity rather than a choice for today’s multicultural, pluralistic and democratic society structures. The idea of tolerance in today’s societies is transferred to individuals of the society through family, school as well as the elements of both society and social structure. The way in which the idea of tolerance is transferred to individuals at all three levels is communication. Communication processes are entering the various forms in the family, in the school system and in the social structure and are developing individuals’ understanding of tolerance. This study focuses on the way how communication works at family, school and society levels as a path in the education process and how the communication process can be utilised effectively in order to develop the democratic community. The role and significance of communication in the process of tolerance education was investigated by the literature review method in the case study pattern as one of the qualitative research methods and the findings were evaluated comparatively.

Розвиток ідеї толерантності учнівської молоді у вітчизняній педагогічній думці (друга половина ХХ – початок ХХІ століть): проблема періодизації

У статті подано результати аналізу розвитку ідеї толерантності учнівської молоді у вітчизняній педагогічній думці ІІ половини ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. та встановлено періоди її розвитку. Обґрунтовано виділення 3 періодів: І період (50-80-ті роки ХХ ст.) – розвиток ідеї толерантності в рамках інтернаціонального виховання радянського періоду;ІІ період (90-ті роки ХХ ст.) – розвиток толерантності в процесі гуманізації й демократизації освітньо-виховного процесу; ІІІ період (початок ХХІ ст. – донині) – активізація впровадження ідей толерантності в процес навчання та виховання учнівської молоді, перебудова освітньої політики України з урахуванням євроінтеграційних процесів.

On toleration in social work

ABSTRACTToleration is one of many responses towards diversity and difference. With the growing diversity, the theme of toleration has often taken centre stage in discussions of multiculturalism and social pluralism. Nonetheless, it has not received much attention in the social work profession. Social workers often encounter situations in which they face a choice between tolerating and not tolerating. We argue that toleration is a legitimate and relevant topic in social work discourse. To make this point, first, this paper discusses different conceptions of toleration. Then, it demonstrates its relevance to social work and explores a potential benefit of including the idea of toleration in social work discourse. Social work codes of ethics implicitly support toleration, or at least respect-toleration and esteem-toleration. Incorporating toleration in social work discourse may help social workers to better cope with or reduce ethical stress and disjuncture.

Ассертивность и толерантность в межкультурном взаимодействии

The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the concepts of tolerance and assertiveness. Problem of contemporary cross-cultural interaction is the need to shift strategy of tolerance on strategy of assertiveness. Considered the practice of multiculturalism based on the idea of tolerance. Six barriers to cross-cultural communication. Comparison of understanding tolerance in European, Arab, Eastern cultures and in Russia. Boundaries are considered manifestations of tolerance. Developed rules of tolerant behavior. Proposed in scientific analysis and in actual practice, intercultural strategy move to assertiveness. Tolerance is respect for the views of another person, provided that he respects your opinion. Assertiveness is the respect for the rights of another person, provided that it also respects your rights. Describes the ways in assertive behavior: the willingness to cooperate, the openness of conduct, allocation of responsibilities, defend their rights and interests, defining the way forward. Tactics developed in assertive behavior: “interests”, “anti-discrimination”, “achievement”, “standards”, “activity”, “goodwill”.

TOLERANCIJA KAO IDEAL I EGZISTENCIJALNA NORMA

No matter how insufficient it is to fully respect and accept others in accordance with one’s own system of references, tolerance is seen as a universal norm for existence and one of the main modes of human sociability. It is not the product of only one culture or a characteristic of only one, such as modern, epoch. Tolerance presents, mutatis mutandis, an important component of the spiritual and socio-cultural tissue of all developed nations with histories of their own. The idea of tolerance draws its roots from the ancient cultures. It has been modeled by the intuition of the Holy and the spirit of metaphysics while being permeated by their primordial religious meaning. This paper develops a discourse on tolerance as a perennial ideal, a universal norm and a relationship of fundamental importance to human existence. Tolerance is seen here as a key possibility and duty, a condition for as well as a form of the survival of contemporary people and their world.

Ideał tolerancji w świetle przesłanek zawartych w Listach św. Pawła (część pierwsza: zagadnienia wstępne)

The idea of tolerance, which plays an important role in today's world, should be reflected on in light of the Word of God. St. Paul never uses the word tolerance, however, in some texts he writes about the phenomenon which describes this word, namely in 1 Cor 8–10 and in 1 Cor 5:1–13; 6:1–11; Rom 14 (where he uses the verb "to judge" – krinein). This article is to discuss the preliminary study, including the analysis of 1 Cor 8–10. Christians must follow Jesus and be tolerant (cf. Mk 9:40: "Whoever is not against us is for us[1]"). Tolerance means to accept somebody’s individuality. Understanding the message of Jesus is achieved only through dialogue with those who have different views and beliefs, and non-Christians. In his letters, St. Paul corrects the way of understanding of tolerance by the addressees of the letters. In 1 Cor 8–10, St. Paul describes the inappropriate attitude of those who had "knowledge”, saying that "knowledge puffs a person up with pride" (1 Cor 8:1). He corrects their attitudes by saying: "Love builds up" (1 Cor 8:1). In this sentence, love is the equivalent of tolerance toward those who have not acquired the complete Gospel "knowledge" recommended by St. Paul. Thus, tolerance is not any autonomous or absolute value, but it is subordinate to love. This principle should be regarded as the fundamental thesis, which governs everything St. Paul ever wrote on tolerance (and intolerance) in other texts that will be analyzed in our next article published in “Biblica et Patristica Thoruniensia”.[1] All citations from: Good News New Testament. Today’s English Version.