Moral Ideas Research Articles

Trust and care robots: philosophical considerations, ethical challenges, and viable options

Abstract This article presents a new moral idea of trust, which seems appropriate when dealing with care robots. When we trust our counterpart, an ambivalent relationship emerges. This is often assumed, at least in the professional debate, because the person who places this trust enters a relationship of dependence and thereby also takes a risk. At the same time, due to the given trust, there is a good reason that the respective addressee will do everything not to compromise this assumed security, sincerity, and trustworthiness. This article first examines the concept of trust and derives a moral approach for application in the context of care robots. These machines are increasingly finding their way into the care sector and can support people receiving care, mobilize them, or monitor health conditions. Nevertheless, it seems more than doubtful whether AI-based robots can be trusted at all. For this reason, in a second step, numerous studies and works are examined which not only present the integration and interaction with care robots in real settings, but also allow a better understanding of the connection to the presented moral idea of trust. This is followed by an ethical discussion of the opportunities and risks of care robots, which should help to illustrate the problems of a trusting relationship with them. An ethically justifiable approach to these robot companions and trust as an important component in the sense of the idea presented seem reasonable.

Ecosocial Care Ethics in and through Dance Education

ABSTRACT Building on the critical ideas of feminist and posthuman care ethics, this theoretical study presents three practical approaches to dance education that foster deeper care and connection with the more-than-human world. We propose that through dance education, it is possible to 1) practice presence, 2) revitalize embodied empathy, and 3) imagine more responsible relationships with all living beings. Grounded in somatic practices and movement improvisations, these approaches encourage students to deepen their relational awareness and ethical engagement with the ecosocial community. By integrating our perspectives as dance practitioners with existing scholarship, we elucidate how these practices can inspire transformative shifts toward a more sustainable future. Ultimately, we propose that by nurturing responsible multispecies connections and a culture of ecosocial care, dance education can serve as a potent force for cultivating environmental ethics in the face of escalating social and ecological crises.

Thinking about the creative heritage of F. M. Dostoevsky in the works of L. D. Zinovieva-Annibal

The article is devoted to the comprehension of philosophical, aesthetic and moral ideas in the subsequent literature on the example of L.D. Zinovieva-Annibal's work. The article analyzes the works of L. D. Zinovieva-Annibal, whose childhood is presented in an unusual, often contradictory light. The similarity of approaches of Dostoevsky and Zinovieva-Annibal to the depiction of children's self-consciousness, children's cruelty and fantasies is noted. The works of Zinovieva-Annibal, written during the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, are also marked by the influence of Dostoevsky, his understanding of the ways of building a future just society. In this connection, the issues of freedom, overcoming individualism, and the tragic consequences of revolutionary violence are brought to the forefront. The stories “ You Help!” and “ Behind Prison bars” are in the center, in which the inner contradictions of the heroes are exposed, the split of personality and loss of self-identification are shown, which is confirmed by the establishment of the motive of the hero's inner conflict, similar to Raskolnikov, for whom the external punishment is only a reflection of the destruction of his inner world. The novelty of the article lies in the fact that the embodiment of Dostoevsky's ideological heritage in the work of Zinovieva-Annibal is studied comprehensively with reliance on the analysis of the image of the child and the image of the “underground man”. As a result of the study it was found that the principles of Dostoevsky's poetics underlie the interpretation of the spiritual world of the heroes of Zinovieva-Annibal's works, which undoubtedly arose in the course of discussions with her husband, V.I. Ivanov, about the ideological and semantic content of Dostoevsky's works, who for the Symbolist poet was an iconic figure of Russian spiritual life.

Oikeion, Agathon, and Archaia Phusis in Plato’s Symposium

Abstract In this paper, I show that Aristophanes’s speech in Plato’s Symposium is tied into an interesting and hitherto unexplored web of ideas in Plato’s ethics and psychology. The poet’s analysis of erōs as ‘leading us to what “belongs” (the oikeion)’ (193d2) and as ‘restoring us in our “original nature” (archaia phusis)’ (193d4) is not a mere negative contribution that renders him a ‘target for Diotima’s fire’ (Dover). Rather, he unwittingly communicates central ethical and psychological ideas which we find developed in key passages of Plato’s dialogues. What is interesting is that Diotima in a curious passage seems to dismiss his contribution of the oikeion as unrelated to our good (agathon) and irrelevant to the analysis of desire (205d10–206a1). I argue that this interpretation of Diotima’s response to Aristophanes, which would render her position an ethical anomaly in Plato’s dialogues, should be rejected. Instead, it is more plausible to read her response as proposing a revisionary conception of the oikeion, relying on the idea that our agathon is our true oikeion. In addition, I tentatively suggest that the theory of psychic pregnancy may be seen as presenting the agathon of wisdom of virtue produced in the ascent as an oikeion. Just as fascinating as Diotima’s stance on the oikeion is the question how her teachings relate to the concept of an archaia phusis of the soul. The idea that the soul’s self-perfection constitutes a return to a temporally prior condition of excellence, which in two places other than the Symposium (Republic X, Timaeus) is called the ‘archaia phusis’, is pervasive and centrally important to Plato’s psychology. I address the question whether Diotima’s ascent passage constitutes a psychological anomaly in portraying self-perfection as unrelated to the concept of the archaia phusis. I argue that an answer to this depends on the stance we take on the Symposium’s position regarding the immortality of the soul. While a reading that posits a rejection of immortality in the Symposium must indeed deny a role for the concept in Diotima’s speech, I show that a reading allowing for immortality as a theoretical commitment in the background has an interesting interpretative option: along with Timaeus 90d5, it may fruitfully interpret the ascent as an ordering of the soul ‘in accordance with its archaia phusis’.

„Big Bangul” kantian de la „Sf. Sava” – moment de început al filosofiei românești moderne

The study's author supports the idea – also promoted by Mircea Vulcănescu – that nearly all the philosophy professors at Sf. Sava, who formed the foundational nucleus for education and philosophy in the Romanian language (notably the founder Gheorghe Lazăr and his followers Eufrosin Poteca, August Treboniu Laurian, and Ion Zalomit), exhibited a strong interest in and admiration for Kant's philosophy, particularly his ethics. They found in Kant’s ethical ideas many useful principles for achieving their ideals of political, national, cultural, and social emancipation. Most of them embraced Kantian ethics, as they apparently disliked the speculative aspects of critical philosophy, which was widely discussed and often contested. Instead, they preferred Kant's moral philosophy for its sense of certainty, seeing it as better suited for educating the youth of the Principalities. They believed, and firmly advocated, that the country needed individuals of upright character more than scientists – a sentiment that remains relevant to this day.

Lexeme “Creativity” Syntagmatics as the Embodiment of Ethical Ideas and Moral Traditions in Modern Media Discourse

Lexeme “Creativity” Syntagmatics as the Embodiment of Ethical Ideas and Moral Traditions in Modern Media Discourse

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF MORAL IDEAS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE

This article examines the features of the formation of moral ideas among primary school children from four perspectives: the sensitive period, influence of the socio-cultural environment, emotional component, and development of critical thinking. The author describes the role of educational institutions, parents, and teachers in the process of shaping moral ideas. The article also presents methods for forming moral ideas among children at this age.

Waluchow’s constitutional morality and the artificial reason of the Common Law

This article proposes to elucidate Wilfrid Waluchow’s notion of constitutional morality by explaining how it relates to the classical common law idea of artificial reason. It examines how Waluchow’s effort to reconcile insights from the thought of H.L.A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin through the idea of constitutional morality is both reminiscent of the artificial reason of the common law and distinct from it. It shows that constitutional morality evokes the subtle union of custom and reason found in artificial reason, but also that it proposes, under the influence of Hart’s notion of rule of recognition, a narrower understanding of law’s foundation in established practices, and that it gives, consistent with Dworkin’s vision of law as integrity, a greater theoretical scope to law’s rationality.

On the Issue of the Philosophical Heritage of Michel Montaigne (Based on the First Volume of M. Montaigne’s "Essays")

Key words: Renaissance, Herzen, theory of culture, skepticism, ancient philosophy, ancient world, Eurocentrism, ethics The political-legal, meaningful, moral and educational ideas presented in the works of M. Montaigne are perceived as a partial analysis of the Renaissance and a reflection of brilliant thoughts. However, on the other hand, contemporaries and great educators considered Montaigne one of the wise thinkers of the new era, whose legacy had a great influence on the critical thinking of subsequent centuries. It is not without reason that M. Gorky claimed that “Montaigne shakes hands with Voltaire through the centuries.” Montaigne began work on the Essays in 1570. The work was based on the marginal notes Montaigne had made in the books of a number of ancient writers since 1564. The first edition of the Essays was published in two volumes in 1580 in Bordeaux, the second – corrected and supplemented, in 1582. After the writer's death, Marie de Gournay prepared the third edition in 1595. The Essays had a huge influence on European culture. According to the words of one of the researchers, “Shakespeare is full of reminiscences from Montaigne; Pascal and Descartes argued with him, Voltaire defended him; Bacon, Gassendi, Malebranche, Bossuet, Bayle, Montesquieu, Diderot, Rousseau, La Mettrie, Pushkin, Herzen, Tolstoy wrote about him and referred to him polemically or approvingly.”

Від гуманізму до неогуманізму, постгуманізму та трансгуманізму: педагогічне прочитання

The article is dedicated to highlighting the concepts of humanism, neohumanism, posthumanism, transhumanism, their reading through the prism of pedagogical science and practice. The text is based on analysis of Ukrainian, French, and Polish sources, as well as own considerations. It has been found that the classical interpretation of humanism during the last decades has been subject to revision by various researchers due to the growing contradictions between the social, economic, and spiritual needs of society and the consideration of humanism with its anthropocentric attitude towards man as the measure of all things. It was found that they led to an expanded and modified understanding of it, which was called neohumanism (new humanism). The article describes the researchers’ interpretation of neohumanism, which is based on moral and ethical ideas and ideals that relate to philosophical, ecological, pedagogical and other aspects of human life. It was noted that because of the sharp growth of new technologies, two concepts critical to humanism/ neohumanism emerged – posthumanism and transhumanism. The text reveals the concept of posthumanism, which, according to the researchers, considers man in unity, merging with machines, technological devices, that is, human and non-human. The main characteristics of post-humanist trends are provided, which testify to the gradual disappearance of man as an active and self-sufficient effective person. It is noted that, accordingly, transhumanism, as a radicalized branch of posthumanism, is focused on the use of technologies with the aim of creating a physically and mentally perfect person (Homo Perfectus), when the difference between man and machine is erased. It is shown how these processes affect the modern education system, which absorbs new technologies at an accelerated pace, replacing its traditional tools for teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, aimed at the formation of «long» memory, with technological devices. The article also raises the issue of neo-humanism, which is biocentric in nature, and in the pedagogical aspect manifests itself as a humane attitude towards nature, living beings, primarily animals. Such a trend becomes especially relevant in the context of ecocide caused by Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. A conclusion was made about the need to get acquainted with these processes, taking them into account for the development of the modern domestic educational space.

Axiological Approach in Pedagogy in the Context of the Problems of Semiotics of Culture

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the value consciousness of students with the aim of finding out to what extent they have assimilated spiritual values ​​and thanks to which authoritative sources these values ​​have penetrated into their mind. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the principles of cultural semiotics. Lotman claimed that in the symbolic type of culture, the part is homeomorphic to the whole. This principle is applied to education. It is considered as a part reflecting the processes occurring in society as a whole. Method: The article is written on the material of a survey of first-year students of The Kosygin State University of Russia. Results and Discussion: Students assess themselves as knowing the commandments, even if they do not know their wordings. Family communication has become the main source of moral ideas for them. According to the laws of semiotics formulated by Lotman, axiology in school is homeomorphic one to state ideology. In developed countries there are no state axiology and state ideologies, because they are perceived as the source of civilizational catastrophes of the twentieth century. This gives rise to a crisis in the field of pedagogy. Research Implications: The results of the research can be applied in pedagogy. The empty niche of state axiology is incompatible with the laws of semiotics. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the pedagogical literature. by. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the need to overcome the crisis in the field of pedagogy.

The Three Postulate Idea: Between Limits and Metaphysical Beliefs in Immanuel Kant's System of Philosophy

In the history of Western philosophy, debates about truth and error have continued to develop, reflecting diverse views that have emerged over time. The question of human nature became the center of intellectual attention, expanding philosophical study from speculation to fundamental thinking. Amid this context, Immanuel Kant emerged as a key figure who brought a new approach to philosophical inquiry. Although he spent his life in Koningsberg, his ideas in epistemology, anthropology, ethics, and education gained global recognition and made him one of the most influential philosophers of the modern era. However, his views have also drawn criticism, especially for the inconsistencies that are perceived to support dogmatism, although he originally intended to criticize it. This research analyzes Kant's thought, especially about the limits of human knowledge, metaphysics, and criticism of dogmatism. The method used is qualitative text analysis, which examines Kant's main work, "Critique of Pure Reason," as well as the views of other philosophers. Primary and secondary literature is reviewed to identify inconsistencies in Kant's arguments. The results show that although Kant's philosophical system has made an outstanding contribution, there are significant areas for improvement in the handling of metaphysical concepts and the limits of knowledge, which ultimately has the potential to fall into dogmatism. This study concludes that Kant's thought remains relevant and essential, but it needs to be reread critically to fully understand its impact on modern philosophy.

Harmful Design in User-Generated Games and its Ethical and Governance Challenges: An Investigation of Design Co-Ideation of Game Creators on Roblox

An increasing number of game platforms, such as Roblox, enable game creators to develop user-generated games (UGGs). Yet, these platforms often come under scrutiny for hosting UGGs that contain harmful content, ranging from sexually explicit material to Nazi-themed roleplay. Limited attention has been paid to how harmful UGGs are ideated by game creators. To address this question, we studied an online Roblox creator community, where Roblox creators collectively engage in design ideation to brainstorm design ideas for UGGs. Through an inductive thematic analysis, we found three primary ways where Roblox creators' design ideation becomes risky, including how Roblox creators generate risky game design ideas, navigate through policy boundaries to develop these ideas, and share strategies of bypassing moderation. Based on our findings, we discuss ethical and governance challenges facing user-generated games. We propose design implications to support game creators in developing ethical game design ideas and safe game designs.

АРХЕТИПЫ И МИФОЛОГЕМЫ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОГО СОЗНАНИЯ В ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМАХ И МЕТАФОРАХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА

In modern linguistics, one of the pressing issues is the problem of determining the essence of mythologemes and archetypes, as well as their functions. This article examines the archetypes and mythologems that form the deep semantics of Russian phraseological units and metaphors. Phraseologisms of the Russian language, which constitute a separate special layer of the vocabulary as a whole, have always been of interest to researchers. The formation of their stable semantics is the result of the historical development of mankind. Phraseological units of language and metaphors of collective consciousness always appeal to human experience. Since ancient times, humanity has sought to find an answer to the question of the creation of the world and man, to explain the reality around it, and this desire remains relevant for modern human society. Man's original desire to explain the essence of the universe is reflected in myths. Since man’s first attempts to explain the phenomena of reality are enshrined in myths, we turn to concepts such as “archetype” and “mythologem”, which are directly units of myth. This work analyzes several phraseological units and metaphors of the Russian language, the meanings of which are motivated by archetypes and mythologems of mass consciousness. From time immemorial, myths have never lost their relevance in human life and society. After all, a myth always establishes an idea as an ideal and at the same time is a guarantee of the stability of this ideal. It is in myths that the basic ideas of morality are contained (the ideas of good - evil, friend - stranger, Divine - Demonic, etc.), according to which orders are established in modern society. It is these ideas of morality, the binary oppositions of good and bad, which are preserved in mythologems, that perform the function of controlling the semantics of phraseological units and metaphors in the language. By comparing language and the mythological consciousness of society, we can determine the semantic core of phraseological units and the logic of the appearance in the language of certain metaphors that are associated with prototypes in the collective unconscious.

BETWEEN APPREHENSION AND APPRECIATION: A QUALITATIVE PSYCHOANALYSIS OF THOMAS HARRIS THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS

Psychoanalysis is a dominant field of social science that explores the complex layers of human psychology. In the novel The Silence of the Lambs written by Thomas Harris, psychoanalytic theory plays a significant role. The researchers objective is to traverse the complex characteristics of Hannibal Lecter and Clarice Starling, who possess dichotomic attributes. Lecters intellectual superiority and psychopathic attributes invite deep introspection into his personality, perceptions, and intentions. His idea is reproached by Clarice Starlings pragmatic nature. These psychological discrepancies between the characters underscore the element of Kleins Object Relations theory. As proposed by Friedrich Nietzsche in Beyond Good and Evil, Lecters idea of morality traces the concept of Perspectivism which implies that the notion of good and evil transcends conventional beliefs and practices. The study also attempts to investigate the uncanny relationship between Lecter and Clarice. The two characters shift from being apprehensive to becoming appreciative of each other is the focal point of the research paper. The paper applies psychological approach of Sigmund Freuds three sections of the human psyche: Id, ego, and super-ego. Freuds concept of Eros and Thanatos gets enforced when Lecters violent tendencies grapple with his refined tastes after encountering Clarice. Anna Freuds Defence Mechanism aids in understanding the characters responses to their traumas. While dealing with binary oppositions, the study examines the distinct dimensions of the characters minds. The research also employs ethical criticism to analyze how their relationship challenges conventional moral boundaries and uses deconstruction to examine the blurring of moral and psychological aspects. The research paper ventures to inspect and comprehend the intricate webs of psychodynamics and the relationship arc of Hannibal Lecter and Clarice Starling.

Intellectual Property Rights in the Digital Age: Legal and Ethical Dilemmas

As a professional in the digital age, you navigate complex felony and ethical troubles surrounding highbrow assets rights daily. With the exponential boom of technology, threats to copyright, trademarks, patents, and trade secrets and techniques have extended. You must make tough decisions balancing enterprise interests, prison responsibilities, and moral ideas. This article examines felony frameworks governing intellectual belongings and moral theories applicable to digital piracy. Analysis of excessive-profile instances affords insight into company techniques and ethical reasoning round highbrow assets disputes. Current legal guidelines and moral norms fail to offer clean steerage on many emerging troubles. This article targets to further your information of the felony and ethical dilemmas surrounding highbrow assets rights in the digital age. Keywords: Digital Age, Digital piracy, Ethical Dilemans, intellectual property rights.

Research on Heidegger's Fundamental Ethics

Based on Heidegger's idea of original ethics, this paper analyzes the state of how Da-sein has being-in-the-world, takes Heidegger's concept of conscience as an entry point, explores the difference between Heidegger's original ethics and traditional ethics, and reflects on what kind of ethics his thought is. From the perspective of ontology, Heidegger takes the being of human as the highest philosophical ontology, inquires deeply into the existence of Da-sein, and explores the relationship between Da-sein and Being. Through the diffusion of the understanding of Potentiality-of-Being of Da-sein, this paper gradually analyzes the basic construction of Da-sein being-in-the-world, under the definition of the structure Being-in is embedded in the world, the existence of Da-sein being-in-the-world unfolds. In the process of understanding the world, Da-sein is thrown into everyday life, losing himself and falling prey, but the true nature of Da-sein keeps calling him, Da-sein listens to the call of its conscience and makes a decision to face death and his true ones self. Starting from the process of alienation from the true self to the untrue self of Da-sein, we analyze Heidegger's basic concept of human-centeredness. What exactly constitutes the Being of Da-sein and how does the existence of Da-sein unfold. Even though many later scholars and Heidegger himself did not consider his thought to be a concept under the banner of ethics, and considered his thought to be contrary to traditional ethics. What is undeniable is that Heidegger's original ethics, with its in-depth exploration of the inner man, greatly expands the definition of universal morality and norms in traditional ethics.

Islamic Moral Ideas In Fazlur Rahman's Perspective

One of the Muslim figures who cares about the morals of the Muslim generation is Fazlur Rahman. Therefore, Fazlur Rahman through his writing invites the public to see the moral ideals contained in the Al-Qur'an. He founded the moral message of the Qur'an through discussion, not only through the art of understanding the Qur'an, but also historical criticism and normative methods. This explains Islamic morality from the perspective of the Qur’an, which will become a path of knowledge for generations of Muslims. This article will discuss moral ideas in Islam according to Fazlur Rahman. Through a literature review using qualitative methods, it was found that Islamic morality according to Fazlur Rahman is a conception of Islamic morals that originates from the semantics of the Al-Qur'an and As-Sunnah. This is in accordance with the view that Islam is a moral religion.

Nature of Vedic Ethics and its Critique as Soteriology

The present paper deals with the idea of understanding Vedic ethics as a code of righteous living, in the light of Mīmāṁsā philosophy. The paper also intends to reflect upon the possibility of such methods as a means of attaining liberation. In other words, the Vedas provide us with prescriptive codes of right and wrong actions. It commands us about duties and non-duties, through the performance of rituals, in order to lead a good life. We know that human endeavours are primarily based on attaining the desired, and to prevent the unwanted ends. Hence, the entire effort of human actions lies in the fact that we want to attain the cessation of sufferings. This paves the way for studies in Soteriology, and the question arises that, could the Vedas be considered as a literature on Soteriology. The paper consists of a number of sections. The initial ones involve the linguistic analysis of the Vedic statements based on Sanskrit grammar and semantics. These are aimed at depicting the manner in which Vedic sentences act as prescriptive ethical codes. The latter ones deal with the questions raised by the opposing schools, namely Sāṁkhya-Yoga, against the idea of considering Vedas as a supreme sanction of means, leading beings to their salvation from empirical sufferings, and their plausible responses. Keywords: duties, ends, sacrifices, knowledge, liberation

Ibn Barrajan's Sufistic Tafsir of Surah al-Baqarah and Ali Imran

This study aims to know the Sufistic interpretation in Tafsir Tanbih and the characteristics of Tafsir Tanbih, which is focused on Surah al-Baqarah and Surah Ali Imran. Tafsir Tanbih is an eclectic collection/source of various materials collected over the years from various sources, Tafsir Tanbih is a Sufi interpretation of Ibn Barrajan trying to understand the meaning of every divine word with the teachings of Sufism, it can be seen from some interpretations of Surah al-Baqarah lafadz nazala 'alaikal litaaba bil haqqi, interpreted that this verse opens the door to a person's realization in himself through His asma in the lafad al-hayyu and al-Qayyum, someone who ma'rifat is who knows with a strong, perfect substance, and His sublime attributes, and His good names. The characteristics of Tafsir Tanbih are the experience of Mysticism and Spirituality in Tafsir Tanbih, using an Integrative approach in Tafsir Tanbih, there are Moral ideas in Tafsir Tanbih, there is a relationship with Ma'rifah (Divine Knowledge) in Tafsir Tanbih, understanding Mutashabihat Verses in Tafsir Tanbih. And many other characteristics.