Magnetic Hyperthermia Research Articles

Enhancement of skin tumor laser hyperthermia with Ytterbium nanoparticles: numerical simulation

Laser hyperthermia therapy (HT) has emerged as a well-established method for treating cancer, yet it poses unique challenges in comprehending heat transfer dynamics within both healthy and cancerous tissues due to their intricate nature. This study investigates laser HT therapy as a promising avenue for addressing skin cancer. Employing two distinct near-infrared (NIR) laser beams at 980 nm, we analyze temperature variations within tumors, employing Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation as our fundamental investigative framework. Furthermore, our study delves into the influence of Ytterbium nanoparticles (YbNPs) on predicting temperature distributions in healthy and cancerous skin tissues. Our findings reveal that the application of YbNPs using a Gaussian beam shape results in a notable maximum temperature increase of 5 °C within the tumor compared to nanoparticle-free heating. Similarly, utilizing a flat top beam alongside YbNPs induces a temperature rise of 3 °C. While this research provides valuable insights into utilizing YbNPs with a Gaussian laser beam configuration for skin cancer treatment, a more thorough understanding could be attained through additional details on experimental parameters such as setup, exposure duration, and specific implications for skin cancer therapy.

Analysis of risk factors for major post-operative complications following intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion for pseudomyxoma peritonei: A retrospective cohort study.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a condition characterised by the presence of gelatinous tumour-like growth within the peritoneal cavity. Combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy have shown to improve the survival rate in PMP patients. However, post-operative complications such as cognitive dysfunction, respiratory insufficiency and acute renal failure are still observed. This retrospective study aims to explore the risk factors associated with major post-operative complications and specifically investigate the correlation with intraoperative hypotension. This retrospective cohort study included PMP patients treated at Beijing Aerospace Center Hospital from 1 June, 2014 to 30 December, 2020. The primary outcome measures were major post-operative complications, including neurological, pulmonary, cardiovascular, surgical complications, acute hepatic injury and acute kidney injuries. The secondary outcome measures included infection, fever and deep venous thrombosis. Statistical analysis was conducted using EmpowerStats and R software. A total of 782 patients were screened, and 668 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Amongst them, 234 (35.03%) individuals experienced major post-operative complications. Factors such as pre-operative American Society of Anaesthesiologists grading, age, haemoglobin and albumin levels, intraoperative mean arterial pressure, blood loss, fluid replacement volume, method of intraperitoneal hyperthermic perfusion and post-operative requirement for intensive care unit mechanical ventilation were found to be correlated with major complications. The identified risk factors provide valuable insights for improving clinical pathways in the management of PMP. Further prospective studies are warranted to establish the association between these factors and patient outcomes.

Nanodiamonds: A Cutting-Edge Approach to Enhancing Biomedical Therapies and Diagnostics in Biosensing.

Nanodiamonds (NDs) have garnered attention in the field of nanomedicine due to their unique properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of NDs synthesis methods, properties, and their uses in biomedical applications. Various synthesis techniques, such as detonation, high-pressure, high-temperature, and chemical vapor deposition, offer distinct advantages in tailoring NDs' size, shape, and surface properties. Surface modification methods further enhance NDs' biocompatibility and enable the attachment of bioactive molecules, expanding their applicability in biological systems. NDs serve as promising nanocarriers for drug delivery, showcasing biocompatibility and the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents for targeted delivery. Additionally, NDs demonstrate potential in cancer treatment through hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement for improved immune responses. Functionalization of NDs facilitates their utilization in biosensors for sensitive biomolecule detection, aiding in precise diagnostics and rapid detection of infectious diseases. This review underscores the multifaceted role of NDs in advancing biomedical applications. By synthesizing NDs through various methods and modifying their surfaces, researchers can tailor their properties for specific biomedical needs. The ability of NDs to serve as efficient drug delivery vehicles holds promise for targeted therapy, while their applications in hyperthermic therapy and vaccine enhancement offer innovative approaches to cancer treatment and immunization. Furthermore, the integration of NDs into biosensors enhances diagnostic capabilities, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of biomolecules and infectious diseases. Overall, the diverse functionalities of NDs underscore their potential as valuable tools in nanomedicine, paving the way for advancements in healthcare and biotechnology.

Solvothermally synthesized magnetite nanorods for application in magnetic hyperthermia and photothermia

The development of the multi-functional nanostructures has recently been of particular interest in therapeutic research for various diseases including atherosclerosis, cancer, etc. Indeed, the use of multi-responsive nanostructures that can remotely be activated by different stimuli is a promising strategy to combine the advantages of standalone methods and overcome their intrinsic drawbacks. In this regard, thermal treatment using heat-generating magnetic nanostructures that can remotely respond to a wide range of electromagnetic stimuli is of especial importance, mainly applied through magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) modalities. In this work, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanorods (MNRs) were synthesized using a one-pot solvothermal process. Adjusting the amount of hexadecylamine capping ligand and the filling percentage of the autoclave, uniformed-sized MNRs of 4·46nm in diameter and 31·09nm in length were prepared and investigated in terms of their heat-generating ability for application in the MHT and PTT. The experimental results show the good heat-generating ability of the MNRs in both modalities with the maximum absorption rate (SAR) values of 228.51 W/g (MHT) and 56.59 W/g (PTT).

Abstract 5747: Microwave responsive thermosensitive lipid nanoparticles for spatiotemporal delivery of chemotherapeutics

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with an urge for the exploration of novel treatments. One promising approach is microwaved-induced hyperthermia, which has shown great antitumor and synergistic effects when combined with other therapies. The application of microwaves produces heat by dielectric hysteresis which depends on the dielectric properties of molecules. Ionic liquids (ILs) are compounds composed of ions with <100 °C melting point and have strong dielectric properties. In short, we propose the creation of microwave-sensitive nanoparticles using IL, enabling precise hyperthermia induction with low-powered microwaves in localized areas. To achieve this, we stabilize a core composed of 1-butyl-methylimidazolium bromide or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate using Span 80, Tween 20, and Triton-X as surfactants, along with phosphatidylcholine lipids as “cosurfactants”. Employing a double emulsion procedure for fabrication, nanoparticles are characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we assess microwave sensitivity by comparing thermal changes between liposomes loaded with 120 mM and 250 mM NaCl solutions. Subsequently, we evaluate biocompatibility and heat effects by incubating IL nanoparticles with BXPC3 and KPC cells, monitoring cell viability through MTT assays. We aim to confine the ILs within the nanoparticle core rather than incorporating them into the membrane. We anticipate increased microwave sensitivity, translating to reduced off-target effects and enhanced precision in hyperthermia treatment. This research holds promise for improving the therapeutic outcomes of pancreatic cancer treatment. Citation Format: Cesar B. Aparicio-Lopez. Microwave responsive thermosensitive lipid nanoparticles for spatiotemporal delivery of chemotherapeutics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5747.

Abstract 5695: miR-5787 suppresses cancer cell growth as a Fe3O4-nanoparticles induced pivotal miRNA

Abstract Nanotechnology offers great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatments. Especially, nanoparticles (NPs) have been examined and utilized as drug delivery systems, hyperthermia and combination therapy. We have examined and reported the combined effects of Fe3O4-nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) with chemotherapeutic agents on prostate cancer cell in vitro. miRNAs are an important factor in cancer progression, and elucidating the miRNA-mediated intracellular network of cancer cells could suggest new cancer treatment strategies. In this study, to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with anticancer effects of Fe3O4-NPs, the comprehensive expression of miRNAs by Microarray (Agilent G4780A SuperPrint G3 Human v16 miRNA 8x60K Microarray kit) in A549 (lung cancer cell line), LNCaP (androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line) and DU145 (androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line) under Fe3O4-NPs exposure was performed. miR-5787 was one of the increased miRNAs in three cancer cell lines under Fe3O4-NPs, and its increase in miR-5787 was due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by Fe3O4-NPs. The additional analysis suggested that miR-5787 might suppressed the cancer cell growth by targeting the eIF5. In this study, we identified miR5787 as a Fe3O4-NPs induced pivotal miRNA in cancer cells, and can be used as a therapeutic target. Citation Format: Masatoshi Watanabe, Hitoshi Nakano, Chise Matsuda, Eri Usugi, Hiroshi Imai, Yoshifumi Hirokawa, Kazutoshi Iijima. miR-5787 suppresses cancer cell growth as a Fe3O4-nanoparticles induced pivotal miRNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5695.

Human head sized magnetorelaxometry imaging of magnetic nanoparticles with optically pumped magnetometers — A feasibility study

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) offer exciting biomedical applications, e.g. magnetic hyperthermia for tumor treatment. The knowledge of the quantitative spatial distribution of MNP in the human body is a key for treatment safety and efficiency. Here we experimentally demonstrate the reconstruction of the quantitative MNP distribution of a human head phantom by magnetorelaxometry imaging (MRXI). The MRXI setup is composed of a 50 channel optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) system and 72 excitation coils, which are operated inside a magnetically shielded room. With our setup, we were able to reconstruct a glioblastoma phantom with a clinically relevant iron amount. A simulation study reveals, that currently the main limitations in terms of reconstruction quality arise from geometrical uncertainties of the setup. Summing up, we demonstrate the feasibility of OPM-MRXI for large regions of interest, potentially advancing the monitoring of MNP in related treatments.

Ti2C3 MXene-based nanocomposite as an intelligent nanoplatform for efficient mild hyperthermia treatment

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted much attention due to its less invasive, controllable and highly effective nature. However, PTT also suffers from intrinsic cancer resistance mediated by cell survival pathways. These survival pathways are regulated by a variety of proteins, among which heat shock protein (HSP) triggers thermotolerance and protects tumor cells from hyperthermia-induced apoptosis. Confronted by this challenge, we propose and validate here a novel MXene-based HSP-inhibited mild photothermal platform, which significantly enhances the sensitivity of tumor cells to heat-induced stress and thus improves the PPT efficacy. The Ti3C2@Qu nanocomposites are constructed by utilizing the high photothermal conversion ability of Ti3C2 nanosheets in combination with quercetin (Qu) as an inhibitor of HSP70. Qu molecules are loaded onto the nanoplatform in a pH-sensitive controlled release manner. The acidic environment of the tumor causes the burst-release of Qu molecules, which deplete the level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in tumor cells and leave the tumor cells out from the protection of the heat-resistant survival pathway in advance, thus sensitizing the hyperthermia efficacy. The nanostructure, photothermal properties, pH-responsive controlled release, synergistic photothermal ablation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and hyperthermia effect on subcellular structures of the Ti3C2@Qu nanocomposites were systematically investigated.

Effect of Gd3+ ion doping on structural, optical, magnetic and dielectric properties on superparamagnetic Mg0.5Zn0.5Fe2−xGdxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoparticles synthesized via oleic acid assisted chemical co-precipitation method

In the present study, different compositions having general formula Mg0.5Zn0.5GdxFe2−xO4, (x = 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.1) were synthesized using chemical co-precipitation method. The substitution of Gd3+ ions have exhibited profound impacts on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical parameters of Mg-Zn ferrites. Single-phase cubic spinel structure has been substantiated by X-ray diffractometer (X-ray diffraction, XRD) analysis for all compositions without any contamination peak. The values of the lattice constant and X-ray density both show an increasing trend when the Gd3+ ion concentration increases. (Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy) FTIR spectra recorded in the mid-infrared region (4000–400 cm−1) exhibit two main absorption bands associated with the Oh and Td sites within the frequency range of 400–600 cm−1. Morphological studies using (High-resolution transmission electron microscopy) HR-TEM analysis reveal agglomeration of nanoparticles and the average particle size lies between 8 and 9 nm. Maximum magnetization displays an erratic trend with increasing Gd3+ ion concentration, although both retentivity and coercivity decreases. The hysteresis curve for samples of differing ratios of Gd3+ ions demonstrated the superparamagnetic nature. Tauc’s plot was employed to calculate the energy bandgap (Eg) of synthesized nanoparticles and Eg value were observed to decline from 3.563 eV to 3.521 eV with an increasing Gd3+ ion concentration. Impedance analyzer was used in the frequency range of 100 Hz–100 MHz to study dielectric properties at room temperature. The dielectric parameters declined as the frequency values increased. Due to lower values of dielectric parameters in Gd3+ ion doped Mg–Zn nano-ferrite, these materials are suitable in the fabrication of devices that need to operate at high frequencies such as switching memory storage devices. Moreover, these materials are appropriate for application in ferrofluids and medicinal treatments such as magnetic hyperthermia because of their low coercive field value.

Heating ability of amine functionalized Fe3O4 as a function of field amplitude and frequency for hyperthermia application

The functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is crucial for their biomedical applications such as magnetic hyperthermia, which attracted attention in recent years as a promising alternative or complementary therapy to traditional cancer treatments. Here, we investigate a synthetic approach based on the hydrothermal process for the amine-functionalized magnetite (Fe3O4-NH2) MNPs for possible use in hyperthermia. The characterization of coated MNPs by FTIR confirms the functionalization with the amine group, while the XRD shows how the magnetite phase was formed. Magnetic measurements of both coated and uncoated MNPs at room temperature revealed their ferrimagnetic behavior. It was found from magnetic hyperthermia measurements under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) that functionalized with amine MNPs reach hyperthermia temperatures (42 °C)) in relatively short times (around 10 min.) with a adequate value of sample absorption rate (SAR)in the range between 33 to 45 W g–1. The (NH2) groups on the surface of the (Fe3O4) nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal process make them amenable to further functionalization with various biomolecules. This enables the nanoparticles to be tailored for specific applications, such as drug delivery or targeting specific cells or tissues. Moreover, the appropriate crystallinity combined with the relatively adequate heating ability and adequate saturation suggest that the functionalized MNPs are promising for hyperthermia application.

Technical advances in motion-robust MR thermometry.

Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) MR thermometry is the most common method used in clinical thermal treatments because of its fast acquisition and high sensitivity to temperature. However, motion is the biggest obstacle in PRFS MR thermometry for monitoring thermal treatment in moving organs. This challenge arises because of the introduction of phase errors into the PRFS calculation through multiple methods, such as image misregistration, susceptibility changes in the magnetic field, and intraframe motion during MRI acquisition. Various approaches for motion correction have been developed for real-time, motion-robust, and volumetric MR thermometry. However, current technologies have inherent trade-offs among volume coverage, processing time, and temperature accuracy. These tradeoffs should be considered and chosen according to the thermal treatment application. In hyperthermia treatment, precise temperature measurements are of increased importance rather than the requirement for exceedingly high temporal resolution. In contrast, ablation procedures require robust temporal resolution to accurately capture a rapid temperature rise. This paper presents a comprehensive review of current cutting-edge MRI techniques for motion-robust MR thermometry, and recommends which techniques are better suited for each thermal treatment. We expect that this study will help discern the selection of motion-robust MR thermometry strategies and inspire the development of motion-robust volumetric MR thermometry for practical use in clinics.

Dynamical analysis of a ferrofluid subjected to oscillatory field and shear rates: Applications to magnetic hyperthermia

The dynamical magnetic response of a small sample of ferrofluid is investigated numerically. A validated in-house research code is used to compute the translational and rotational motion of the particles. This code uses a robust scheme of Ewald summation to compute long-range periodic torques and forces between the particles. The model of the ferrofluid consists in a suspension of magnetic hard spheres replicated in lattices to ensure the convergence of the system’s transport properties. Ensemble averages over several realizations for each simulation are carried out. The suspension is subjected to field and shear time-dependent excitations. The effect of magnetic hyperthermia is evaluated by the average rate of internal energy dissipation due to an oscillatory magnetic field and oscillatory shear rate. Nonlinear dynamical tools such as phase spaces and Poincaré maps are applied to interpret the dynamical behavior of the suspension. Results show that when the suspension reaches its saturation magnetization due to a delayed time-response of the particles the internal energy dissipation decreases with respect to the local applied field. The Poincaré maps reveal that in dilute regimes the system presents quasi-periodic behavior for an alternating magnetic field. Also, the application of an oscillatory shear-rate increases the bulk internal energy of the system due to the magneto-viscous effect, even though it diminishes the internal area of the hysteresis loop. This work brings a better understanding of the dynamical response of ferrofluids that could be useful in magnetic hyperthermia applications.

Key Contributors to Signal Generation in Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (FMMD): An In Silico Study.

Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) is a sensitive and selective technique to detect magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) serving as probes for binding biological targets. Its principle relies on the nonlinear magnetic relaxation dynamics of a particle ensemble interacting with a dual frequency external magnetic field. In order to increase its sensitivity, lower its limit of detection and overall improve its applicability in biosensing, matching combinations of external field parameters and internal particle properties are being sought to advance FMMD. In this study, we systematically probe the aforementioned interaction with coupled Néel-Brownian dynamic relaxation simulations to examine how key MNP properties as well as applied field parameters affect the frequency mixing signal generation. It is found that the core size of MNPs dominates their nonlinear magnetic response, with the strongest contributions from the largest particles. The drive field amplitude dominates the shape of the field-dependent response, whereas effective anisotropy and hydrodynamic size of the particles only weakly influence the signal generation in FMMD. For tailoring the MNP properties and parameters of the setup towards optimal FMMD signal generation, our findings suggest choosing large particles of core sizes dC>25 nm with narrow size distributions (σ<0.1) to minimize the required drive field amplitude. This allows potential improvements of FMMD as a stand-alone application, as well as advances in magnetic particle imaging, hyperthermia and magnetic immunoassays.

Calcination temperature dependence of tri-magnetic nanoferrite Ni0.33Cu0.33Zn0.33Fe2O4: Structural, morphological, and magnetic properties

The calcination temperature plays a pivotal role in determining the physical and magnetic properties of ferrite nanoparticles, influencing their performance and applicability in various applications. In this study, Ni0.33Cu0.33Zn0.33Fe2O4 nano ferrites were produced using the coprecipitation method and subsequently calcined at different temperatures, specifically 500 °C, 550 °C, 600 °C, 650 °C, and 700 °C. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of cubic spinel ferrite phase (Fd-3m) and revealed an increase in crystallite size from 12.84 to 20.19 nm as the calcination temperature increased from 500 °C to 700 °C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis provided insights into chemical oxidation states. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that at higher calcination temperatures, nanoparticles tend to aggregate. This aggregation is associated with an observable rise in particle size, increasing from 18.16 to 29.11 nm for nanoparticles calcined at 500 °C and 700 °C, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray confirmed pure elemental compositions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified red and blue shifts in wavenumbers corresponding to tetrahedral and octahedral group complexes, respectively. Nanoparticles calcined at 700 °C exhibited the highest saturation magnetization (62.642 emu/g) and coercivity (75.27 G), as revealed from the vibrating sample magnetometry analysis. Upon increasing the calcination temperature from 500 °C to 700 °C, the ferromagnetic contribution was improved from 24.26% to 98.64% along with a reduction in superparamagnetic contribution from 75.74% to 1.34%, respectively. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study showed an increase in the values of g and ΔHpp with the rise in calcination temperature. This observation suggests an enhancement in dipole–dipole interactions. Furthermore, a linear relationship was discovered between the g factor and crystallite size, inducting the formation of single domain. Finally, altering the calcination temperature adjusted the physical and magnetic properties of Ni0.33Cu0.33Zn0.33Fe2O4 nanoparticles. This adjustment indicates their potential for versatile applications, particularly in hyperthermia treatment and as T2 contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging.

An extended model to assess Jeffery–Hamel blood flow through arteries with iron-oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles and melting effects: Entropy optimization analysis

Abstract Nanofluids are utilized in cancer therapy to boost therapeutic effectiveness and prevent adverse reactions. These nanoparticles are delivered to the cancerous tissues under the influence of radiation through the blood vessels. In the current study, the propagation of nanoparticles within the blood in a divergent/convergent vertical channel with flexible boundaries is elaborated computationally. The base fluid (Carreau fluid model) is speculated to be blood, whereas nanofluid is believed to be an iron oxide–blood mixture. Because of its shear thinning or shear thickening features, the Carreau fluid model more precisely depicts the rheological characteristics of blood. The arterial section is considered a convergent or divergent channel based on its topological configuration (non-uniform cross section). An iron oxide ( F e 2 O 3 {\rm{F}}{{\rm{e}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{3} ) nanoparticle is injected into the blood (base fluid). To eliminate the viscous effect in the region of the artery wall, a slip boundary condition is applied. An analysis of the transport phenomena is preferred using the melting heat transfer phenomena, which can work in melting plaques or fats at the vessel walls. The effects of thermal radiation, which is advantageous in cancer therapy, biomedical imaging, hyperthermia, and tumor therapy, are incorporated in heat transport mechanisms. The governing equation for the flow model with realistic boundary conditions is numerically tickled using the RK45 mechanism. The findings reveal that the flow dynamism and thermal behavior are significantly influenced by melting effects. Higher Re \mathrm{Re} can produce spots in which the track of the wall shear stress fluctuates. The melting effects can produce agitation and increase the flow through viscous head losses, causing melting of the blockage. The maximum heat transfer of 5 % 5 \% is achieved with We {\rm{We}} when the volume friction is kept at 1 % 1 \% . With higher estimation of inertial forces Re \mathrm{Re}\hspace{1em} and same volume friction, the skin drag coefficient augmented to 34 % 34 \% . The overall temperature is greater for the divergent flow scenario.

A magnetic cross-linked alginate-biobased nanocomposite with anticancer and hyperthermia activities

This research study focuses on a new magnetic nanobiocomposite designed and synthesized by the formation of cross-linked alginate (Alg) hydrogel using CaCl2 cross-linker agent, its modification with flaxseed mucilage hydrogel and silk fibroin (SF) biopolymer extracted, and as well, the in-situ synthesis of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) in the presence of this biopolymeric substrate. FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, XRD, VSM, and TG technical analyses clarified the physical and chemical features of magnetic cross-linked Alg/flaxseed mucilage hydrogel/SF nanobiocomposite. Following the structural characterization of this magnetic natural-based composition, the in-vitro cytotoxicity and hemolysis assay studies with different concentrations resulted in prominent biological outcomes. The survival rates of normal HEK293T cells (95.74%, 94.18%) and breast cancer BT549 cells (79.23%, 77.76%) after 48 and 72 h verified the biocompatibility and anticancer properties of this new nanobiocomposite. Also, less than 5% of the hemolytic effect disclosed its hemocompatibility. Furthermore, a high specific absorption rate value (72.42 W/g) is generated by 1 mg/mL of this magnetic nanobiocomposite. Overall, it can be deduced that magnetic responsive cross-linked Alg/flaxseed mucilage hydrogel/SF nanobiocomposite could functionally perform in magnetic hyperthermia treatment.

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent development of nanocarriers as NP-based drug delivery systems is discussed. Finally, the efficacy of HT combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy is explored.

Advanced hyperthermia treatment: optimizing microwave energy focus for breast cancer therapy

Advanced hyperthermia treatment: optimizing microwave energy focus for breast cancer therapy

Gene Expression Patterns of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Following Ibuprofen and Hyperthermia Treatment.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) substantially influence the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), metastasis, relapse, and resistance to therapy. Ibuprofen and hyperthermia can be effective in the treatment of cancer. Herein, we evaluated the effects of hyperthermia and ibuprofen on the isolated-CSCs of CRC. This experimental study was conducted between Sep 2020 and Jan 2022 at the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. A non-adhesive culture system was used to isolate CSCs from HT-29 cells. To confirm the stemness nature of isolated-CSCs, the expression of stemness genes and protein markers was evaluated by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry assay. The isolated-CSCs were treated with hyperthermia and ibuprofen. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay and trypan blue staining. The expression of stemness, proliferation, Wnt signaling pathway and apoptosis genes was assessed by qRT-PCR. CSCs were isolated within 14 days. The expression of CD-133 marker and OCT3/4, C-MYC, KLF4, and NANOG genes in isolated-CSCs was higher than HT-29 cells (P<0.05). Cell viability of treated-CSCs were considerably reduced (P<0.05). Hperthermia reduced the expression of OCT3/4, NANOG, PCNA, WNT1 and CTNNB1 genes and increased the expression of P53, BAX, and KLF4 genes (P<0.05). Ibuprofen decreased the expression of OCT3/4, BCL2, NANOG, PCNA, WNT1, and CTNNB1 genes and increased the expression of P53, BAX, and KLF4 genes in treated-CSCs (P<0.05). Hyperthermia and ibuprofen treatment demonstrate an inhibitory effect on colorectal CSCs. However, using combination therapy is remaining to be tested.

Impact of Nanoheater Subcellular Localization on the Antitumor Immune Efficacy of Magnetic Hyperthermia

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-mediated magnetic hyperthermia therapy is garnering attention as a promising modality for tumor remission. This therapy combines localized nano-scale heating and reactive oxygen species-related immunologic effects. A critical aspect in optimizing this therapy involves understanding how nanoheaters’ subcellular localizations influence the therapeutic efficacy and immunological effects of magnetic hyperthermia. Herein, we investigate these effects by focusing on the strategic localization of ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide (FVIO) nanorings within lysosomes and the cytoplasm of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The comparative analysis revealed that lysosomal-localized magnetic hyperthermia markedly increased apoptosis in Hepa1–6 cells and effectively induced immunogenic cell death (ICD). Mechanistically, lysosomal-localized magnetic hyperthermia led to Bid-associated apoptosis and caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, likely due to enhanced lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Moreover, it reduced calreticulin degradation and increased its presence at the cell membrane, thereby boosting ICD efficiency. In contrast, cytoplasmic-localized magnetic hyperthermia showed comparatively lesser impact than its lysosomal-localized counterpart. In vivo experiments reinforced the exceptional efficacy of lysosomal-localized magnetic hyperthermia, which notably enhanced dendritic cells activation and T cells infiltration in both tumors and lymph nodes, thereby triggering a robust antitumor immune response. Additionally, lysosomal-localized magnetic hyperthermia improved tumor vaccine efficacy and demonstrated the potential for sustaining long-term immune responses in antitumor treatments. This study highlights the crucial role of subcellular positioning of magnetic nanoheaters in determining the efficacy of antitumor immunological responses in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, offering valuable insights for future cancer treatment strategies.