Hypertext Structure Research Articles

Identity construction in digital communication for public engagement in science

This article explores identity construction in citizen science web texts. Keyness and concordance analyses show that these texts reflect, construct and negotiate identity construction in various ways to ultimately support citizen participation in scientific processes. Scientists primarily construct a professional identity through self-representation markers (‘we’ pronouns). They present themselves as credible professionals, aligned with the socially established values and ideologies of the scientific community. In addition, they appear to create a collective identity to promote empathy and to encourage and maintain citizen engagement in scientific processes. However, processes of indexicality and relationality – that is positioning and dialogism – reveal that the construction of a professional identity is consistently made more relevant than a collective expert-crowd identity, thus exposing overt power asymmetries. Even when dialogue between experts and nonexperts is encouraged, all the monologic and dialogic interactions established by the hypertext structure of the project sites reflect power imbalances.

Dynamics of Multimodal Components in English Educational Discourse: the Case of “English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy

This article aims to identify the linguistic features of English-language educational discourse in terms of structural, descriptive, semantic, and cognitive-pragmatic analyses. The relevance of the study stems from the need to identify trends in the representation of language components in modern grammar textbooks within the communicative-pragmatic paradigm of educational discourse. The authors focus on the linguosynergetic potential of the English grammar textbook “English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy, manifested in changes of certain discourse markers in all five editions. Employing a multimodal discourse analysis methodology, this research scrutinizes the verbal and visual disparities—encompassing graphic elements, letter capitalization, italics, font, and color—that hold pragmatic value and fulfill various roles, from engagement to information conveyance. The authors also investigate the interference of advertising and educational discourses and the small-format nature of texts in this self-study textbook, whose hypertext structure and internal navigational system serve as a surrogate for teacher guidance, thereby performing a directive function. A diachronic analysis of communicative scenarios within the textbook’s exercises reveals the dynamic utilization of interjections, underscoring their importance in creating an emotive-expressive backdrop that facilitates the acquisition of grammatical phenomena, reflective of their real-world application. Thus, in an attempt to represent the features of natural communication and to avoid the use of linguistic terms, the author of the textbook presents complex grammatical material in the most accessible form for a wide audience. Consequently, the study highlights the textbook’s increasing emphasis on the personality-bound component, complementing the traditionally dominant status-oriented approach in educational discourse.

A professional blog as a special structural hypertext unit in the space of Internet communications

The purpose of the study is to identify the hypertext features of a professional blog in the space of the Internet environment. The professional type of blog is a separate unit of the Internet environment and is characterized by a hypertext structure within the framework of Internet communication. The article analyzes the main structural and content characteristics of a professional blog from the point of view of the hypertext organization of the Internet environment. The study is based on the material of the English language. The theoretical significance is determined by the fact that the data obtained make it possible to deepen knowledge about such important aspects of modern linguistics as the linguistic nature of electronic hypertext, its structural and substantive aspects. In addition, the study of hypertext features of professional English-language blogs contributes to the development of the theory of speech genres in the context of Internet communication. The practical significance of the research is reflected in the fact that its results can be used in the process of teaching general language theory, the basics of computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmalinguistics, as well as in the development of elective courses on Internet communication. Using the methods of continuous sampling and description, the study analyzed the text units of 3 professional blogs of large foreign companies conducted in English. As a result, it was revealed that the professional type of blog is a hypertext unit of the Internet environment, representing a frame model with periodically updated author's posts, hypertext links, and comments. Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of hypertext, its organization and genre affiliation, there is currently no single and generally recognized typology of hypertext in the context of the professional variety of blogs, its creation is one of the priorities of modern researchers due to the rapid development of blog technologies. The scientific novelty lies in the approach that was taken to study the structural and content features of hypertext in the context of other types of blogs. In this regard, the basic principles of this approach are analyzed, the defining features of a blog are identified, taking into account its professional variety. Special attention was paid to the structure of electronic hypertext: the functional differentiation of hypertext links and ways of organizing links between hypertexts were considered.

HYPERTEXT CASE MODEL FOR TEACHING SEMANTIC READING TO SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN MATH LESSONS

Purpose. Over time, paper educational materials are supplemented and replaced by electronic ones, so a new problem has arisen – the presentation of educational information in a new form, taking into account the wide possibilities of information technology. With the help of the Internet, humanity has created a huge system of hypertexts. The user, by creating his own route of movement through the links, creates meaning inside his consciousness, complements it depending on the information he meets. The use of hypertext in teaching mathematics allows you to organize a personality-oriented approach, explore the routes of students in a network structure. The purpose of the article is to focus the research on the investment of the case method in a hypertext structure, to create a case model using hypertext, to analyze the route system of the case model. The created hypertext case will be a prototype of the construction of educational material using hypertext technology and the case method.
 Methodology. The research is based on the analysis and synthesis of psychological-pedagogical and educational-methodical literature, on modeling the structure of educational material (case) using hypertext technology.
 Results. Creation of a hypertext case model for teaching semantic reading to secondary school students based on the analysis of the structure and elements of hypertext and case.
 Practical implications. The results can be applied in the creation of an electronic textbook on mathematics, a collection of mathematical cases for teaching semantic reading to students.

A Comparative Analysis of Discourse Knowledge Structures in Different Disciplines of Education in Colleges and Universities in the Context of Informatization

Abstract In this paper, we first construct the discourse knowledge structure of education in different disciplines so that the knowledge points in a certain cross-cutting area between different disciplines are finite sets called knowledge domains, and we use the network of the discourse field system to characterize the logical relations in the knowledge space. Secondly, by defining the elements of hypertext as a triadic structure, a specific chain of dependencies is constructed by combining the hypertext structure with the knowledge space. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis of the knowledge structure of educational discourse in various disciplines. The results show that among 45 knowledge states, 15 attributes corresponding to the whole column have all 0 information values and the knowledge structure model based on the knowledge space can master the corresponding effective skills of students in different disciplines, which indicates that it realizes this learning process of knowledge learning from point to point, from concrete to abstract, and from part to the whole under different disciplines. This paper examines the use of discourse in various knowledge structures, which may provide insights into the teaching of English academic writing in China.

Teaching schoolchildren to work with electronic hypertext in the context of culture-oriented linguistic methodology: the issue and its possible solutions

Modern society is undergoing digitisation that affects the formation of schoolchildren as representatives of Generations Z and Alpha. One feature of such learners is clip or mosaic thinking. Modern science considers rhizomatic thinking as an alternative to clip thinking. Based on the comparison between the electronic hypertext structure and a rhizome, the paper concludes that electronic hypertext is a rhizome. Following rhizomatic thinking researchers, I propose to shape this type of thinking in schoolchildren when working with electronic hypertext. The research has identified the benchmarks for teaching generations Z and Alpha to work with electronic hypertext within the framework of culture-oriented linguistic methodology. The article highlights the significance of students’ learning and research activity in comprehending electronic hypertext as a reflection of the conceptosphere of culture. It has been suggested that the linguocultural concept can be considered as a rhizomatic network «node» or an intersection of meanings transmitted by hypotexts in electronic hypertext. This confirms the potential of studying concepts in the Russian language school course for introducing students to the culture of the people through language.

The intricate web: network and rhizome metaphors in hypertext and the web and the epistemic challenge of fake news

PurposeThis article analyses the structure of hypertext and the world wide web through the contrasting metaphors of the network and the rhizome and applies that analysis to the epistemic challenge presented by fake news.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a critical and theoretical study of the development of concepts in information science. It outlines the limitations of the network metaphor and analyses the ways in which it has influenced both the development and critical understanding of the World Wide Web and its wider social and cultural consequences. The paper develops an alternative description of the ontological structure of the Web in terms of interrupted and dissipated energy flows.FindingsThe paper argues that the Web is better described as a dynamic reorganization of the socio-cultural system that has no determinate boundaries and which is constituted properly in the spaces between technologies and the spaces between persons.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to and extends research into the rhizomic nature of hypertext and the Word Wide Web and in understanding the role of metaphor in descriptions of hypertext and the web.

Cognitive aspect of electronic hypertext

A subjective form of seeing, understanding, and interpreting of the event as a mental representation is considered regarding the hypertext structure and its comprehension. So, cognitive and psycholinguistic aspects of hypertext are compared to the mental models that resulted in determining peculiarities of both.

Enhancing Hungarian students’ English language skills on the basis of literary texts in the three-dimensional space

In our paper we introduce a bilingual language learning material developed in the framework of the so-called three dimensional virtual library model (3DVLM). This model inspired by the history and organization of the famous ancient Library of Alexandria forms the basis of the virtual library project which started about eight years ago as part of the Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) research. The current version of the 3DVLM uses the excellent 3D features of the MaxWhere Seminar System which makes it suitable for both individual learning and classroom use. In the following, we would like to introduce first the basic framework of our development, then describe in detail the data structure and organization of the developed bilingual language learning material. The basic idea of the material is to present selected phrases and contexts from classical literary works in English and from their parallel translations in Hungarian in order to improve both the language skills and background knowledge of Hungarian language learners at an advanced level. We found that using web technology was especially useful for developing the language learning material and the developed hypertext structure formed a scale-free network of interconnected nodes.

Semantic Web Technologies: Issues and Possible Ways of Development

Semantic digital technologies are as useful as they are difficult to implement. During its existence, the concept of the Semantic Web has still found very limited application and extremely slow development. The reasons for this are serious differences in the structure of hypertext and the Semantic Web as a superstructure above it, and the rules that circumscribed the development of the internet. Semantic search engines still do not implement semantic search in its pure form: various data organization schemes and data visualization formats make it a little easier to analyze facts, add them to databases, but do not make knowledge bases out of the latter, do not allow working with facts as with knowledge. In addition, the user interfaces of such systems tend to be either very complex or counter-intuitive. Nevertheless, there is every reason to believe that with the use of modern technologies, the ideas of semantization of the web and its content can already be improved and gradually implemented: for this it is necessary to get rid of some false expectations of semantic technologies, to direct efforts towards the development of web native formats of semantic markup and try to take advantage of the increasingly common voice input of household devices.

Research on knowledge tree growth model for intelligent English teaching system based on hypertext structure

Research on knowledge tree growth model for intelligent English teaching system based on hypertext structure

Лингводидактический потенциал онлайн-обучения в современном образовании

The necessity of using information technologies in teaching a foreign language is considered. It is explained why it is important for a specialist in the field of education to navigate the Internet space. The main distinguishing features of a multimedia interactive computer environment, the capabilities of modern computer and communication technologies, the criteria characteristic of the computer environment, the possibilities of the Internet space in education are revealed. didactic properties of information and communication technologies, such as: a) multilingualism and multiculturalism of information Internet resources; b) multi-level information Internet re-sources; c) variety of functional types of Internet resources; d) multimedia resources; e) hypertext structure of documents; f) the possibility of creating a personal zone of the user; g) the possibility of organizing synchronous and asynchronous communication; h) the possibility of automating the processes of information and methodological support and organizing the management of educational activities of students and its control. These functions will significantly enrich the language and cultural practice of students, as well as create conditions for the development of skills for independent learning activities of students, the implementation of pedagogical learning technology in cooperation, development of an individual educational trajectory. Two main approaches to online learning (synchronous and asynchronous) and their main advantages and disadvantages are considered. Examples are given of how online resources can be used in teaching, which helps to increase the level of motivation in children and greatly helps the teacher in preparing for training sessions.

Research on Knowledge Tree Growth Model for Intelligent English Teaching System based on Hypertext Structure

Research on Knowledge Tree Growth Model for Intelligent English Teaching System based on Hypertext Structure

ГИПЕРЧТЕНИЕ КАК НОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ ЧТЕНИЯ

The development of modern information technologies changes the forms of presenting educational material in modern learning conditions. On the one hand, there are new opportunities for the rational organization of the text (using the hypertext structure). On the other hand, due to the fragmentation of information, specific additional skills are required for more effective mastering of a foreign language. In the course of our theoretical research, it was found that hyper-reading as a new reading strategy is a quick search for the required information, during which only individual fragments of text are read. It is based on ordinary types of reading. It makes it possible to use modern information technologies and includes the following techniques: filtering, skimming, non-linear selection, value determination, filming, borrowing, de-authorization and fragmentation. Filtering is associated with a greater degree of selectivity when working with nonlinear text. A quick scan allows for less reading. When determining the significance of a lexical unit, students clarify its meaning, they can make a commentary on the educational text. Filming involves relying on photo and video materials, taking into account the situation and context at the pre-text stage of work. Borrowing is aimed at structuring the educational material in accordance with the goals of the reader. De-authorization allows the reader to form his own idea of the content of the studied educational text, to interpret it. Fragmentation makes it possible to highlight the necessary fragments of text, to pay attention to the search for details or facts. These techniques are revealed in experimental work through a specially organized system of exercises for working with hypertext. The study found that hyper-reading as a new reading strategy allows students to activate the knowledge, skills, and abilities associated with traditional types of reading via hypertext.

Legislating in hypertext

Modern research on lawmaking in electronic format confirms the thesis that legal texts made available by means of various types of legal information systems form a hypertext structure. Furthermore, research on hypertexts confirms that the use of this technology undermines the structuralist theories of text that underlie traditional methods of legislation and interpretation of law. In this article, an attempt is made to show how a hypertext can be used to provide legal information and how it can affect traditional legal practices connected with drafting and interpreting legal texts. In particular, the considerations will focus on the analysis of the use of hypertext for the processing of legal documents (including digital representation of legal texts) and the possibilities that arise in this area in connection with the development of the so-called adaptive hypertexts. On this ground the question is analyzed whether and, if so, to what extent and in what way an adaptive hypertext can be used for the presentation and analysis of legal texts.

Novices’ performance using hypertext materials: Shedding light on disorientation

Many researchers have proposed a causal link between low domain knowledge and disorientation in hypertext. Our objective was to challenge this hypothesis, examining other variables that might have an influence, such as design, reading instructions, or working memory capacity. We analysed navigation patterns and comprehension scores in a sample of low topic knowledge undergraduate students (N = 45) who were assigned to one of three hypertext conditions: reading for a test, reading to write a summary, and elaborative interrogation. Another sample (N = 45) of low knowledgeable undergraduate students were used as a control group, performing the same tasks using printed texts. Regarding disorientation, and contrasting with previous research, only a minority of students became disoriented in hypertext. Neither reading instructions nor working memory capacity had the expected impact on readers’ behaviour or outcomes, so hypertext design might be a key aspect on explaining disorientation. Implications for hypertext design and education are discussed.
 
 Implications for practice or policy:
 
 The general assumption of low prior knowledge readers becoming disoriented in hypertext is falsified.
 Educational hypertext designers should always consider hypertext structure, graphical overviews, and usability elements.
 Educators must be aware that novices may show difficulties to adapt their learning behaviour to different reading goals.

Auxiliando dificuldades de aprendizagem apontadas por alunos do ensino médio por meio de objetos virtuais de aprendizagem

Objetos Virtuais de Aprendizagem (OVA) são tecnologias associadas ao conhecimento desenvolvidas para o ensino, objetivando a aprendizagem de determinado conteúdo. No estágio supervisionado desenvolveu-se um OVA site, centrando dificuldades dos alunos do 3º ano do E.M. de uma escola pública periférica sobre Genética, Evolução e Ecologia, visando o acesso a diferentes tipos de metodologias e abordagens de ensino-aprendizagem em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social e econômica. Inferiu-se que utilização de OVA’s, quando preocupados e orientados pelas necessidades dos alunos, desencadeia maior interesse refletido na maior participação, gerando melhor aprendizado dos conteúdos. Também foi notável o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas extremamente necessárias para se viver em um mundo digitalizado como o momento atual além de desenvolver competências fundamentais para a cidadania.

AN OPTIMIZED PAGE RANK ALGORITHM WITH WEB MINING, WEB CONTENT MINING AND WEB STRUCTURE MINING

With the rapid increase in internet technology, users get easily confused in large hypertext structure. The primary goal of the web site owner is to provide the relevant information to the users to fulfill their needs. In order to achieve this goal, they use the concept of web mining. Web mining is used to categorize users and pages by analyzing the users‟ behaviour, the content of the pages, and the order of the URLs that tend to be accessed in order. Most of the search engines are ranking their search results in response to users' queries to make their search navigation easier. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia, and navigate between them via hyperlinks. It is very difficult for a user to find the high quality information which he wants. Page Ranking algorithm is needed which provide the higher ranking to the important pages. In this paper, we discuss the improvement of Page ranking algorithm to provide the higher ranking to important pages. Most of the search engines are ranking their search results in response to user’s queries to make their search navigations easier.

Enhance the Security and Improve the Performance of Web Crawlers using Web Crawling Algorithms

World Wide Web (WWW) is a massive resource of information that contains data in zeta bytes. Large number of users surfing Internet for various purposes need a quick response from web. Search engines are preferable, easily available and reliable source to retrieve data very rapidly with minimum resources. Search engine uses Web Crawler to search abundant data from web. It is a program that automatically passes through hypertext structure of the web and access webpage and hyperlink within it. Web crawling is a technique that focuses on obtaining relevant and fruitful links. To make the traversing accurate and productive, a properly designed web crawling algorithm is required. Web crawler and crawling techniques are kept secret as it is a hidden formula for the success of any search engine. In this paper, we have presented various web crawling algorithms along with their pros and cons to be utilized towards web search. Also we have proposed a novel web crawling algorithm to enhance the security and improving the performance of web crawler using single threaded and multi-threaded crawling algorithms.

ИСТОРИКО-ЭТИМОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ-АНТРОПОНИМОМ (А КТО ЗНАЕТ? ПУШКИН?)

The article introduces the author’s conception of lexicographical representation of phraseological units with precedent anthroponyms in an educational dictionary. By the example of the phraseological unit with the component ‘Pushkin’, the author shows possible representations of debatable etymological variants taking into account the principles of scientificity and accessibility. Reasonability of the two-component structure of etymological hypertext is justified. Text-formative and properly etymological techniques of lexicographical description of Pushkin-questions are examined. The fragments of a dictionary entry compiled on the basis of innovative quest-technologies are provided. The linguo-culturological value of the dictionary as an efficient means of the Russian language teaching is emphasized.