Hyperlipidemic Control Research Articles

Hypolipidemic effect of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Senna occidentalis in rats

Introduction: Senna occidentalis is a medicinal plant which is called “rai–rai” or “rai dorai” in Hausa. It is among the most commonly used plants that form the basis of primary healthcare for a majority of people living in rural and remote areas in Nigeria and other third world countries. Hyperlipidemia is a condition which is characterized by elevated levels of serum lipid profile. It is associated with many diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis on serum lipid profile in rats. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening and effect of aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis on lipid profile was conducted. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Group I was normal control, group II hyperlipidemic control, groups III, IV, and V were hyperlipidemic rats orally administered with 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 166 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis , respectively, for 4 weeks, and group VI were hyperlipidemic rats orally administered with 10 mg/kg of ruvastatin for 4 weeks. At the end of the fourth week, the animals were sacrificed and their serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined. Results: Results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resins, and flavonoids. Significant ( P P S. occidentalis and those orally administered with 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin when compared with group II. Rats orally administered with 250 mg/kg of the aqueous leaf extract were found to have significantly lower ( P Conclusion: It could be suggested that aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis at 500 mg/kg could cause antihyperlipidemic effect against dietary-induced hyperlipidemia.

Meat product based on porcine hearts and aortas ameliorates serum lipid profile and inflammation in hyperlipidemic rats

The biological effect of porcine hearts and aortas in a hyperlipidemic rat model was confirmed. Porcine heart and aorta mixture in a 3:1 ratio was blended, canned and sterilized at 115°C and 0.23 Mpa for 40 min. Administration of experimental meat product to the animal model decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides and cholesterol low density lipoproteins by 31.8% (P<0.05), 28.2%, and 21.6% (P<0.05), respectively, compared to those of hyperlipidemic control rats, as well significantly reducing the serum atherogenic index by 41.3% (P<0.05) in rats fed the experimental meat product compared with hyperlipidemic control rats. Normalization of white blood cell populations was also detected. Monocyte and granulocyte counts in blood of rats fed the meat product decreased by 71.1% (P<0.05) and 57.6% (P<0.05) compared to those of the hyperlipidemic control animals. The granulocyte/leucocyte ratio was also reduced by an average of 38.6% (P<0.05) in rats fed the meat product compared with hyperlipidemic control rats. The data confirmed the hypolipidemic action of the sterilized meat product. Normalization of white blood cell populations led us to hypothesize an anti-inflammatory action of the new meat product, which, therefore, could be recommended as a part of maintenance therapy for people with lipid disorders or atherosclerosis.

Comparative Study of the Lipid Lowering Effect of Leaf Extract of Catharanthus roseus &amp; Atorvastatin

Background: Leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus has medicinal effect.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus (Nayantara) with atorvastatin on serum lipid profile in fat-fed rats.Methodology: This was an experimental animal study carried out in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics at Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2005 to June 2006 for a period of one year. Adult Long Evans rats of both sexes were used for the study. The rats were divided into seven groups designed as A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Each group was comprised of 8 rats which were treated for 10 days and were sacrificed on 11th day. The experiment were designed to demonstrate the effect of C. roseus on serum lipid profile in hyperlipidaemic rats and the hypolipidaemic effects were compared to a standard oral lipid lowering drug, atorvastatin.Result: A total number of 56 adult Long Evans rats of both sexes were used for the study. Here the effect of leaf extract of C. roseus at different doses on lipid level of fat-fed rats was observed which were compared with the hyperlipidaemic control group. In the same time the effect of Atorvastatin on serum lipid level were observed. The observed lipid lowering effect of leaf extract of C. roseus was evaluated biochemically by significant (p&lt;0.001) decrease of serum total cholesterol (TCL), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The leaf extract of C. roseus was given at three different doses daily in oral route for 10 days along with fatty diet and statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) decrease was observed in all serum lipid parameter (TCL,TG, LDL) except high density lipoprotein (HDL). Which was more evident in higher doses treated group (1 ml/kg and 1.5 ml/kg). Atorvastatin reduced all three parameter (TCL, TG, &amp;LDL) significantly (p&lt;0.001). It increased HDL significantly high (p&lt;0.001).Conclusion: The leaf extract of C. roseus is responsible for lipid lowering effect.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2015;1(2): 53-56

Phenolic extract from Ocimum basilicum restores lipid metabolism in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice and prevents lipoprotein-rich plasma oxidation

In this study we investigated the hypolipidemic and anti-lipoprotein-oxidation activities of phenolic extract from sweet basil a popular culinary herb. The hypolipidemic activity was studied in mice model injected intraperitoneally with Triton WR-1339 at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight. The animals were grouped as follows: normolipidemic control group (n=8), hyperlipidemic control group (n=8) and phenolic extract-treated group (n=8) at a dose of 200mg/kg body weight. After 7h and 24h treatment, the oral administration of the phenolic extract exerts a significant reduction of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (P<0.001). On the other hand, we demonstrated that the phenolic extract prevents plasma lipid oxidation by 16% (P<0.001), 20% (P<0.001), 32% (P<0.001) and 44% (P<0.001) at a doses of 10, 25, 50 and 100μg/mL, respectively. The results were compared with ascorbic acid used as standard synthetic antioxidant. HPLC analysis shows that the extract contains 4 major phenolics and is especially rich in rosmarinic acid. This finding indicates that the phenolic extract might be beneficial in lowering hyperlipidemia and preventing atherosclerosis.

Antihyperlipidemic activity of Achyranthes aspera Linn leaves on cholesterol induced hyperlipidemia in rats

Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization. Achyranthes aspera Linn. (A.aspera) belonging to family Amaranthaceae, commonly found in India. The plant is used as antiarthritic, purgative, diuretic and antimalarial etc. The antihyperlipidemic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves of A.aspera was evaluated using cholesterol induced hyperlipidemia in albino wistar rats. In this model, 8 groups consist of 6 animals per group. Group I and II were considered as saline and hyperlipidemic controls respectively, and groups III-VIII received respective treatment (ethanolic extract 250 mg, 500 mg, aqueous extract 250mg, 500 mg, Ayurvedic preparation and atorvastatin). All the groups received cholesterol (400 mg/kg b.w. p.o) except saline control for 4 weeks. The serum HDL, LDL, TG, and TC levels were analyzed in cholesterol induced hyperlipidemia where both the extracts of ethanolic and aqueous extract were shown antihyperlipidemic activity compared to hyperlipidemic control.

Effects of Garcinia kola biflavonoid fractions on serum lipid profile and kidney function parameters in hyperlipidemic rats

BackgroundGarcinia kola is used in traditional medicine in various parts of Africa including Nigeria for the amelioration of hypertension, cough, diabetes, sickle cell anemia, bacterial and fungal infections amongst others. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of Garcinia kola biflavonoid fractions (GKBF); root bark (RBBF), stem bark (SBBF) and seed (SBF)) on the lipid profile and kidney function of Poloxamer 407 (P407) induced hyperlipidemic rats were determined.MethodsHyperlipidemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of P407 after 19 days in the prophylactic group and after every 48 h in therapeutic group for 21 days. Atorvastatin (standard drug) and the GKBF were administered to different subgroups before induction in Prophylactic group and after induction in therapeutic group. Experimental animals were euthanized after day 21 of the study and blood samples collected for the evaluation of lipid levels and kidney function.ResultsAll Prophylactic and therapeutic group treated sub-groups had significantly (p < 0.05) lower serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) when compared to hyperlipidemic control. The RBBF and SBBF increased the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). SBBF and SBF significantly (p < 0.05) increased HDL-c/TC ratio. The LDL-c/HDL-c and log (TG/HDL-c) level were lowered by the extracts except in the therapeutic group where only the SBF reduced log (TG/HDL-c). Kidney function test results in all groups showed no significant (p > 0.05) change in urea and creatinine concentrations.ConclusionThis study shows that Garcinia kola biflavonoid fraction has potential prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in the management of hyperlipidemia.

Policosanol as a new inhibitor candidate for vascular calcification in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats.

This work mainly aimed to investigate the probable changes of aortic calcification by policosanol, omega-3 fatty acids in comparison with atorvastatin and subsequent progression of atherosclerosis in diabetic hyperlipemic rat model. Adult male albino rats of wistar strain (30) were divided into five groups (n = 6/group); one was fed normal diet and was used as a normal group, the other groups received alloxan, atherogenic diet (CCT - rat chow diet supplemented with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid, and 0.5% thiouracil) and categorized as follows: the second group received no treatment and kept as control (diabetic hyperlipidemic control group (DHC)). The other groups received daily oral doses of atorvastatin, policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight) and ω-3 (50 mg/kg body weight), respectively, for eight weeks. Different biomarkers were used for the evaluation that included inflammatory (C reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)), oxidative stress (glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA)) bone calcification markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH)), lipogram pattern in addition to histochemical demonstration of calcium in the aorta. Diabetic hyperlipemic group demonstrated significant hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and increased inflammation, oxidative stress, calcification, and finally atherogenesis progression. Treatment of diabetic hyperlipemic rats with, policosanol, omega-3 fatty acids (natural products) and atorvastatin for eight weeks significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Vitamin D, decreased aortic vacuoles number, and inhibited calcification process. Policosanol induced more remarkable reduction in the density and number of foam cells and improved the intimal lesions of the aorta as compared to atorvastatin. Drugs under study exerted hypoglycemic effect along with an inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and calcium deposition with certain variations but policosanol effect was remarkable in comparison with other drugs.

Evaluation Of Anti-Hyperlipidemic Potentials Of Aqueous Fruit Pulp Extract Of Adensonia Digitata In Experimental Rats

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is a modifiable risk factor of an important killer disease “cardiovascular diseases”, research work exploring anti- hyperlipidemic activity of local plant is timely gesture. Aim: To investigate anti-hyperlipidemic ability of aqueous fruit pulp extract of Adensonia digitata in experimental rats. Methodology: Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats via feeding on high lipid diet (HLD) for 3 weeks. A total of 42 rats used, were divided into seven groups (GI - GVII) of six rats each. GI served as normal control, GII were normal rats administered with only the extract and GIII serves as hyperlipidemic control group. While GIV, GV and GVI were hyperlipidemic group administered with the extract at a dose of 1.25g/kg, 2.5g/kg and 3.75g/kg body weight respectively and GVII were hyperlipidemic given standard hyperlipidemic drug (atorvastatin), the hyperlipidemic rats were on high cholesterol diet throughout the study period. At the end of the first week of extract administration, three animals from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed. At the end of the second week, the remaining three animals from each group were also sacrificed and serum was collected for analysis of serum lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride). Results: Significant decrease (p&lt; 0.05) in the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and a significant increase in the HDL-C levels was observed with 1.25g/kg, 2.50g/kg and 3.75g/kg in group IV, V and VI, and group VII treated with Atorvastatin when to compared with the hyperlipidemic control both in the first and second week of treatment. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that A. digitata aqueous fruit pulp extract possesses anti-hyperlipidemic property. The effects may be associated with the phytochemical content of the plant pulp. Further studies on the plant may focus on identification, isolation of active component(s) aimed at formulating anti-hyperlipidemic drugs from natural source.

Evaluation of hypolipidemic Marrubium vulgare effect in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice.

To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities of four Marrbium vulgareherb extracts using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton (200mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into main four groups of eight mice each: normal control group, hyperlipidemic control group, hyperlipidemic plus tween-40 control and treated group. The fourth one was divided into four subgroups, petroleum ether extract group, chloroform extract group, ethyl acetate extract group and methanol extract treated group each of them contains two sub-sub group for treating animals with two doses at 0.1 and 0.25 LD50. After 7h and 24h of treatment, the intragastric administration of all extracts caused a significant decrease of plasma total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels were also significantly lowered by all extracts while petroleum ether produced the lowest decreasing level. Similar results were observed for LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, more polar extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate)-soluble fractions showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL-C ratios, while these atherogenic markers were not statistically suppressed by the chloroform and petroleum ether-soluble extract. The findings indicated that Marrubium may contain polar products able to lower plasma lipid concentrations and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

The hypolipidemic effect of Portulaca oleracea L. stem on hyperlipidemic Wister Albino rats

Portulaca oleracea has been listed in the World Health Organization as one of the most used medicinal plants. Portulaca oleracea stems (POS) acts about 75% from weight of plant. The production of stems was the most economic between other organs. This study carried out to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of POS preparations. Three preparations of POS were tested: stem powder (POS-powder), stem infusion (POS-infusion) and stem 70% ethanolic extract (POS-ethanolic 70%). POS preparations contained useful components with different proportion such as polyphenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and mucilage. The effect of POS on weight and lipid profile investigated on dietary hyperlipidemic Wister Albino rats fed on hyperlipidemic diet contained 20% fat, 1% cholesterol and 0.25% colic acid. The experimental period was 8-weeks. POS-powder form was supplemented at 10% in hyperlipidemic diet while POS-infusion and POS-ethanolic 70% force fed by 1.0g/kg body weight. The hyperlipidemic model described with elevated weight, feed intake, total cholesterol (TC), total lipids (TL), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels and risk ratio was significantly, compared with untreated control after 4 and 8weeks. Contrary high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of hyperlipidemic control was decreased significantly. POS preparations improved all obvious abnormal lipid parameters and risk ratio compared with hyperlipidemic control. The abnormalities, which was shown on liver status of hyperlipidemic rats were ameliorated by administration of POS preparations significantly. Liver histology showed significant improvement after treating hyperlipidemic rats by POS form compared with hyperlipidemic control.

Effect of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Khaya senegalensis (ASBEKS) on Lipid Profile in Diet Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

In this study, aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis (ASBEKS) was administered to hyperlipidemic rats to evaluate its effects on lipid parameters. Fifty (50) albino rats were divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of ten rats each. Group I served as normal control. Group II served as hyperlipidemic control group, Group III, IV and V were hyperlipidemic and administered with the extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg per day respectively for two weeks. At the end of the first week, five rats were selected randomly from each group, euthanized and serum was collected for analysis of lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride). The remaining rats were euthanized for analysis of serum lipid profile at end of the second week. A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in the mean serum Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and Triglyceride in test groups (Groups III, IV and V) animals administered with the

Synthesis of some novel substituted phenylisoxazol phenoxy 2-methylpropanoic acids and there in vivo hypolipidemic activity

The novel series of phenylisoxazol phenoxy 2-methylpropanoic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vivo hypolipidemic activity by triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The newly synthesized compounds 5a and 5i showed significant decrease in the serum TCH, TG, LDL and VLDL along with an increase in serum HDL levels as compared to standard drug Fenofibrate. The treated groups also showed significant decrease in the atherogenic index, TC:HDL risk ratios compared to cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemic control group. These molecules indeed have the potential to be developed as antihypolipidemic molecules.

Hypolipidemic Effect of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in Rats Fed on High Cholesterol Diet

Purslane is a vegetarian source of n-3 PUFA (α-linolenic acid). The objective of the present work was to explore purslane as n-3 source to mitigate hyperlipidemia in rat model. Group of rats (n=48) were fed on high cholesterol diet to induce hyperlipidemia. Group 1,2,3,4 and 5 (n=6/group) were fed on aqueous extract of purslane (AEP) and lovastanin diet while group 6 and 7 were treated as hyperlipidemic and normal control. The results revealed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C, TAG, increase in serum HDL-C level observed in AEP fed rats as compared to cholesterol induced hyperlipidemic control group. Groups treated with AEP and lovastatin also demonstrated considerable decrease in LDL-C: HDL-C ratios, levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP activities and body weight in comparison to control group. Therefore, administration of AEP concluded that 150 mg/kg body weight AEP is a potent cardio-protective agent having preventive and curative effect against hyperlipidemia.

Antihyperlipidemic effects of Citrus sinensis, Citrus paradisi, and their combinations.

Objective:Hyperlipidemia, extensively contributes in the progression of coronary heart diseases and atherosclerosis, but may be managed through alterations in the nutritional pattern. Several studies show that diet rich in polyphenols and antioxidants have antiatherogenic effects. Citrus sinensis and Citrus paradisi are widely known for health benefits and have found to produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic effects, hence current research was planned to determine the hypolipidemic effects of C. sinensis and C. paradisi in rats receiving diet rich in cholesterol.Materials and Methods:All rats were divided into 11 groups each comprising 10 animals: Normal control group and hyperlipidemic control. C. sinensis treated three groups, C. paradisi treated three groups, C. sinensis and C. paradisi combination treated two groups, and group treated atorvastatin. All rats in the respective groups were treated orally with sterile water, juices, and standard drug for 8 weeks and lipid profile was estimated at the end of dosing.Results:Cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were decreased at all the three doses of C. sinensis and C. paradisi but rise in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was only significant at 8 ml/kg, and 0.3 ml/kg, respectively. Animals received the combination doses of C. sinensis and C. paradisi also showed a highly significant fall in cholesterol, LDL, and TGs, however HDL level was significantly elevated by SPJ-2 combination.Conclusion:Results suggest that C. sinensis and C. paradisi possess antihyperlipidemic activity due to phytochemicals and other essential nutrients, hence may serve as cardioprotective by preventing thrombosis.

Evaluation of therapeutic effect of omega-6 linoleic acid and thymoquinone enriched extracts from Nigella sativa oil in the mitigation of lipidemic oxidative stress in rats

ObjectiveNigella sativa belongs to the Ranunculaceae family. The therapeutic role of methanolic extract (ME) and volatile oil (VO) fractionated from N. sativa seed oil was investigated for antiperoxidative and antioxidant effects in atherogenic suspension fed rats. MethodsWe examined the protective effects of ME and VO on the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants status in erythrocytes and the livers of atherogenic suspension fed rats. As a marker of lipid peroxidation, we estimated the conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma in the following groups of rats: normolipidemic control, hyperlipidemic control, hyperlipidemic methanolic extract, and hyperlipidemic volatile oil. ME 500 mg or VO 100 mg/kg body weight of male rat was orally administrated for 30 d. ResultsPretreatment of hyperlipidemic rats with these test extracts resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the level of lipid peroxidation markers, conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and malondialdehyde (16–50%) compared to the hyperlipidemic control rats. In addition, ME and VO significantly (P < 0.001) elevated the hepatic and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities (19–58%) compared to the hyperlipidemic rats. In liver homogenate of hyperlipidemic-ME and hyperlipidemic-VO, the glutathione-S-transferase activity was protected by 93% and 89%, and in erythrocytes, the glutathione peroxidase activity was protected by 90% and 77%, respectively. Interestingly, reduced glutathione level and activities of ATPases were protected to near normal levels. Pretreatment of rats with the test extracts replenished effectively (P < 0.001) the plasma total antioxidant power by an average of 88% against free radicals. ConclusionsThe lipidemic oxidative stress was effectively mitigated by antiperoxidative activities of ME and VO. Thus, these test extracts, especially ME, may be used as antioxidant as well as hypolipidemic agents in the form of natural food supplement to prevent or treat diseases caused by free radicals.

Hypolipidemic Activity of Prosopis cineraria L (Druce) Fruit Extract and Molecular Modeling Study with Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR)

Purpose: To investigate the hypolipidemic potential of the 70 % ethanol fruit extract of Prosopis cineraria (Fabaceae) (Et. PCF) in triton-induced hyperlipidemia in rats.Methods: Et-PCF was obtained by pulverizing whole dried fruits and extracting with 70 % ethanol. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups of six rats each. The groups were namely normal control, hyperlipidaemic control, standard drug-treated (simvastatin 4 mg/kg), and three Et-PCF (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively)-treated groups. Apart from normal control, all other groups received a single dose of triton (200 mg/kg, i.p.) exactly 30 min after a dose of the standard drug and Et-PCF for the induction of hyperlipidemia. Twenty four hours after trito injection, hyperlipidemia was confirmed by collecting blood samples from all the rats and testing for serum lipid profile. Antioxidant activity, in the form of inhibition of lipid peroxidation, was determined along with chromatographic analysis. Moreover, molecular docking study of â-sitosterol (active constitute of PCF) was performed with Farnesoid X receptor.Results: Triton-induced hyperlipidemia group showed significant increase in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) , triglyceride, atherogenic index and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), compared to normal control group. Et-PCF treated groups showed reduction in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL levels compared to triton treated control group. Extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduce serum cholesterol (p &lt; 0.01) and serum LDL (p &lt; 0.01). At the dose level of 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg extract is effective to significantly reduce serum cholesterol (p &lt; 0.05), triglyceride (p &lt; 0.05), VLDL (p &lt; 0.05), LDL (p &lt; 0.05) and atherogenic index (p &lt; 0.05) and these results are almost equivalent to those of standard drug simvastatin. Furthermore, antioxidant activity, i.e., IC50 of Et-PCF was 58.33 ±g/ml. Molecular docking score of â-sitosterol for Farnesoid X receptor was -8.32 kcal/mol, suggesting excellent binding conformation of Et-PCF to receptor molecules.Conclusion: The findings suggest that Prosopis cineraria may be beneficial for preventing hyperlipidaemic complications by its anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities.Keywords: Prosopis cineraria, Anti-hyperlipidemic activity, Simvastatin, Triton, Docking studies, Farnesoid X receptor

Pharmacological and histological examination of atorvastatin-PVP K30 solid dispersions

The objective of the present study was to investigate the pharmacological efficiency of orally administered atorvastatin calcium (ATV) solid dispersions (SDs). SDs of ATV were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) through the solvent evaporation method. Physicochemical characteristics of the prepared formulations were assessed benefitting scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD). The drug dissolution rates (under sink and non-sink conditions) as well as solubility studies were also examined. Serum lipid levels, liver index and histological analysis of the liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats were considered to evaluate the pharmacological efficiency of prepared SDs. According to our findings, the drug crystallinity was reduced and the drug dissolution characteristics were improved in the prepared SDs. In vivo studies revealed that oral administration of ATV (3mg/kg/day) in the SD form (ASDT) for 14days along with high fat diet (HFD) to the hypercholesterolemic rats led to a significant decline (P<0.05) in serum level of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Moreover, ASDT exhibited more beneficial effects on the liver steatosis compared to ATV physical mixture (APMT) and hyperlipidemic control (HC) groups. In the present study, it was concluded that the SDs of ATV with improved physicochemical characteristics provided an increased therapeutic potential for management of hyperlipidemia compared to the corresponding physical mixtures (PMs).

Inhalation of Dang qui aroma controls lipid metabolism and fat accumulation in high fat diet-induced obese mice

lipoprotein receptor and inhibited the accumulation and activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Palmiwon. In menopausal hyperlipidemic rats, Palmiw on reduced retroperitoneal and peri-renal fat accumulation, serum lipids, the atherogenic index, cardiac risk factors, intima-media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scores relative to menopausal hyperlipidemic control rats. Conclusion:These results indicated that Palmiwon inhibits lipid accumulation without estrogenic activity in the breast. Therefore, Palmiwon may have potential as both a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in menopausal females. Contact: Byoung Seob Ko, bsko@kiom.re.kr

Influence of the geometry of moxa cone on temperature profiles

lipoprotein receptor and inhibited the accumulation and activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase was stimulated by Palmiwon. In menopausal hyperlipidemic rats, Palmiw on reduced retroperitoneal and peri-renal fat accumulation, serum lipids, the atherogenic index, cardiac risk factors, intima-media thickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis scores relative to menopausal hyperlipidemic control rats. Conclusion:These results indicated that Palmiwon inhibits lipid accumulation without estrogenic activity in the breast. Therefore, Palmiwon may have potential as both a preventive and therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in menopausal females. Contact: Byoung Seob Ko, bsko@kiom.re.kr

Effect of fruit vinegars on liver damage and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed rats

Context: Vinegar has long been used as a condiment and a traditional medicine worldwide.Objective: The current study investigates the antioxidant effect of three types of fruit vinegars (FV) namely pomegranate [Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae)], prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Cactaceae)], and apple [Malus domestica Borkh. (Rosaceae)] vinegars in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic Wistar rats.Materials and methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; HFD (80 cal/d) fed rats were orally dosed with fruit vinegars (7 ml/kg) once daily for 28 weeks. At the end of the experiment, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation products, antioxidant enzymes, and trace elements were assessed in serum. In addition, a liver histopathological study was performed.Results: HFD showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in lipid profile and TBARS levels when compared with normal control. Daily oral administration of FV normalized various biochemical, metabolic, and histopathological changes. However, pomegranate vinegar exhibited a very significant (p ≤ 0.001) reduction in lipid profile levels (total cholesterol: 165%, triglycerides: 68%, LDL-c: 76%, and atherogenic index: 80%), whereas an increase in antioxidant status (SOD: 7-fold, GPx: 4.81-fold, GRx: 1.66-fold, and TAS: 3.45-fold) when compared with hyperlipidemic control. Histopathological examinations also confirmed the protective effects of pomegranate vinegar against lipid accumulation and the improvement of hepatic lesions.Discussion and conclusion: The fruit vinegars regulate lipid metabolism and decrease liver damage in high-fat fed rats as shown in this study.