Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the hypolipidemic potential of the 70 % ethanol fruit extract of Prosopis cineraria (Fabaceae) (Et. PCF) in triton-induced hyperlipidemia in rats.Methods: Et-PCF was obtained by pulverizing whole dried fruits and extracting with 70 % ethanol. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups of six rats each. The groups were namely normal control, hyperlipidaemic control, standard drug-treated (simvastatin 4 mg/kg), and three Et-PCF (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively)-treated groups. Apart from normal control, all other groups received a single dose of triton (200 mg/kg, i.p.) exactly 30 min after a dose of the standard drug and Et-PCF for the induction of hyperlipidemia. Twenty four hours after trito injection, hyperlipidemia was confirmed by collecting blood samples from all the rats and testing for serum lipid profile. Antioxidant activity, in the form of inhibition of lipid peroxidation, was determined along with chromatographic analysis. Moreover, molecular docking study of â-sitosterol (active constitute of PCF) was performed with Farnesoid X receptor.Results: Triton-induced hyperlipidemia group showed significant increase in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) , triglyceride, atherogenic index and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), compared to normal control group. Et-PCF treated groups showed reduction in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL and LDL levels compared to triton treated control group. Extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduce serum cholesterol (p < 0.01) and serum LDL (p < 0.01). At the dose level of 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg extract is effective to significantly reduce serum cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglyceride (p < 0.05), VLDL (p < 0.05), LDL (p < 0.05) and atherogenic index (p < 0.05) and these results are almost equivalent to those of standard drug simvastatin. Furthermore, antioxidant activity, i.e., IC50 of Et-PCF was 58.33 ±g/ml. Molecular docking score of â-sitosterol for Farnesoid X receptor was -8.32 kcal/mol, suggesting excellent binding conformation of Et-PCF to receptor molecules.Conclusion: The findings suggest that Prosopis cineraria may be beneficial for preventing hyperlipidaemic complications by its anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities.Keywords: Prosopis cineraria, Anti-hyperlipidemic activity, Simvastatin, Triton, Docking studies, Farnesoid X receptor
Highlights
Hypercholesterolemia is an excessive high plasma cholesterol level and a strong risk factor for negative cardiovascular events such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension [1,2]
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of these phytoconstituents
The HPLC finger print for standard β-sitosterol showed a single peak while the extract showed six peaks at the wavelength of 210 nm
Summary
Hypercholesterolemia is an excessive high plasma cholesterol level and a strong risk factor for negative cardiovascular events such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension [1,2]. Several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic contents, free amino acids, spicigerin, prosogerin A, B, C and D, β-sitosterol and vitamins have been isolated from different parts of the plant [14,15] The presence of these bioactive compounds suggest Prosopis cineraria may possess hypolipidemic and antioxidant potentials like other previously studied medicinal plants [7,8,9,10]. Sprague Dawley rats (180-200 g) of either sex were obtained from college animal house of R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RCPIPER), Shirpur, India. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RCPIPER), Shirpur, India They were housed under standard laboratory conditions and were fed commercial rat feed (Lipton India Ltd., Mumbai, India) and previously boiled water allowed to cool, ad libitum. Atherogenic index (AI) was computed as in Eq 2 [21]
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