Hydrogen Energy Technologies Research Articles

Preface

2021 The 4th International Symposium on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Technologies (HEET 2021) 19–20 November 2021, Osaka, Japan (virtual conference (ZOOM)) We are glad to introduce you that the 2021 The 4th International Symposium on Hydrogen Energy and Energy Technologies (HEET 2021) was successfully held on November 19-20,2021. In light of worldwide travel restriction and the impact of COVID-19, HEET 2021 was carried out in the form of virtual conference (ZOOM) to avoid personnel gatherings.The vision of the HEET 2021 is a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Hydrogen Energy & Energy Technologies.During the conference, the conference model was divided into four sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, poster presentation and online Q&A discussion. We have 8 keynote speeches, 1 invited talk, 21 oral presentation and 6 poster presentations both from local and international presenters. The international presenters come from 14 countries and regions namely Iran, Japan, China, France, Slovenia, U.K, Russia, Singapore, Argentina, USA, Chile, Turkey, India, Taiwan. The time spent delivering the talks by each keynote speaker was 30 minutes, the oral presentation speaker was 15 minutes following by a Question Answer (Q & A) Session 5 minutes for each.We are thankful to all the authors who submitted papers and the delegates for their participation and their interest in HEET as a platform to share their ideas and innovation.Also, we are also thankful to all the committee members for providing continuous guidance and support and Efforts taken by peer reviewers contributed to improve the quality of papers provided constructive critical comments, improvements and corrections to the authors are gratefully appreciated for their contribution to the success of the conference.List of Technical Program Committees are available in this pdf.

Explaining hydrogen energy technology acceptance: A critical review

The use of hydrogen energy and the associated technologies is expected to increase in the coming years. The success of hydrogen energy technology (HET) is, however, dependent on public acceptance of the technology. Developing this new industry in a socially responsible way will require an understanding of the psychology factors that may facilitate or impede its public acceptance. This paper reviews 27 quantitative studies that have explored the relationship between psychological factors and HET acceptance. The findings from the review suggest that the perceived effects of the technology (i.e., the perceived benefits, costs and risks), and the associated emotions, are strong drivers of HET acceptance. This paper does, though, highlight some limitations with past research that make it difficult to make strong conclusions about the factors that influence HET acceptance. The review also reveals that few studies have investigated acceptance of different types of HET beyond a couple of applications. The paper ends with a discussion about directions for future research and highlights some practical implications for messaging and policy. • Perceived effects, and associated emotions, are strong predictors of acceptance. • Unclear what context-specific beliefs underpin attitudes towards hydrogen. • Most studies focused on acceptance of hydrogen fuel stations and hydrogen cars. • A dearth of research investigating acceptance of the whole hydrogen value chain. • Identified inconsistencies in the measurement of psychological constructs.

Hydrogen energy pilot introduction – Technology competition

Hydrogen energy technologies are considered as the cutting-edge clean energy technologies all over the world. Novel concept of hydrogen energy development in Russia, proposed by Government has hydrogen technologies equipment development, production and introduction into domestic market as one of the tasks. Foreign experience shows that governmental support is very important for successful branch development. Waste hydrogen from chlorine industry utilization can be energy-efficient and attractive niche for fuel cells and hydrogen-fuelled heat engines application. Lifetime and capital costs are important parameters for technology choice decision. Energy cost and hydrogen consumption comparison were carried out for gas microturbines (MGT), fuel cells (FC) and internal combustion engines (ICE) in this paper. Analysis showed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and gas microturbines to be the most promising technology in this niche while for internal combustion engines lifetime is an issue. Solid oxide fuel cells need significant capital costs decrease for successful market introduction. Solid oxide fuel cells, MGT and ICE have also additional advantage for Russian conditions due to high-potential heat production possibility. • Сhlorine industry waste hydrogen utilization is considered as the prospective niche for hydrogen energy pilot introduction. • Lifetime and capital costs are the main parameters influencing different hydrogen utilization techniques economic efficiency. • Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells became the most attractive technology due to price decrease during last decade. • Gas microturbines and internal combustion engines also can be considered in case of need in heat energy.

Excellent Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Performances of Partially Graphitized Activated-Carbon Nanobundles Derived from Biomass Human Hair Wastes.

Carbonaceous materials play a vital role as an appropriate catalyst for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Aiming at realizing the highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the partially graphitized activated-carbon nanobundles were synthesized as a high-performance HER electrocatalyst by using biomass human hair ashes through the high-temperature KOH activation at two different temperatures of 600 and 700 °C. Due to the partial graphitization, the 700 °C KOH-activated partially graphitized activated-carbon nanobundles exhibited higher electrical conductivity as well as higher textural porosity than those of the amorphous activated-carbon nanobundles that had been prepared by the KOH activation at 600 °C. As a consequence, the 700 °C-activated partially graphitized activated-carbon nanobundles showed the extraordinarily high HER activity with the very low overpotential (≈16 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4) and the small Tafel slope (≈51 mV/dec). These results suggest that the human hair-derived partially graphitized activated-carbon nanobundles can be effectively utilized as a high-performance HER electrocatalyst in future hydrogen-energy technology.

FEATURES OF ZnO APPLICATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL

The work is devoted to zinc oxide and the prospects of its use for the needs of hydrogen energy. The influence of zinc oxide on electrolyte materials for ceramic fuel cells is determined. The properties of ceramics based on 8YSZ were investigated by adding 0.5 wt.% nanopowder of zinc oxide according to the me­thod of the research of zinc oxide ceramics. The electrical conductivity of 8YSZ in an oxy­gen atmosphere shows a better conductivity characteristic, but 8YSZ-ZnO ceramics have better mechanical properties and higher reactivity in real fuel cell conditions.
 It was found that zinc oxide has a positive effect on the open voltage of SOFC in the temperature range from 320 °C to 600 °C. The maximum value of the open voltage for the electrolyte 8YSZ-ZnO was obtained at a temperature of 520 °C with a value of 1.02 V, in turn for the electrolyte of pure 8YSZ the maximum value was 0.92 V at a temperature of 600 °C. The small amount of data on the use of pure zinc oxide as an electrolyte opens up opportunities for thorough analysis and determination of optimal technological parameters that will accelerate the introduction of hydrogen energy technologies with operating tempe­ratures below 600 ºC. From a brief overview of existing zinc oxide-based materials in fuel cells, materials with mixed conductivity and low sintering temperatures are the most promising and effective for implementation in real systems.
 Data on the effect of sintering temperature on the porosity of ceramics with 8YSZ-ZnO and 8YSZ determined that the porosity of samples of both types decreases significantly with increasing sintering temperature of powders, but the addition of zinc oxide to 8YSZ-ZnO composite allows to obtain dense ceramics at temperatures below 100 °C than for pure 8YSZ. Regarding the strength of 8YSZ-ZnO ceramics, it increases with increasing sintering temperature and has higher values ​​relative to pure 8YSZ. Both porosity and strength change rapidly in the range of 1200–1300 °C and slowly in the range of 1300–1400 °C, due to the sintering temperature of ceramics made of pure zinc oxide 1100–1200 °C. Improving the sintering conditions of ceramics and mechanical properties reveal its advantage in the addition of zinc oxide.

PGM-Free Oxygen-Reduction Catalyst Development for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Challenges, Solutions, and Promises

ConspectusProton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are efficient and clean hydrogen energy technologies for transportation and stationary applications. Highly active and durable low-cost cathode catalysts for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) under challenging acidic environments are desperately needed to address the cost and durability issues of PEMFCs. The most promising platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts for the ORR in acidic media are atomically dispersed and nitrogen-coordinated metal site catalysts denoted as M–N–C, M = Fe, Co, or Mn. Due to significant efforts in the past few decades, these catalysts have demonstrated much-improved ORR activity and promising initial fuel cell performance approaching traditional Pt/C catalysts. However, the insufficient long-term stability (up to 5000 h) under PEMFC operation represents a primary technical barrier to making current PGM-free catalysts less viable yet in PEMFCs. In this Account, we highlight recent advances in synthesizing efficient PGM-free catalysts for the ORR in PEMFCs, emphasizing effective strategies to improve mass and intrinsic activity and the possible degradation mechanisms. In particular, a chemical doping method based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF)-8 represents the key to developing efficient M–N–C catalysts containing atomically dispersed and nitrogen-coordinated single metal active sites (i.e., MN4). The newly acquired understanding of the formation mechanism of MN4 active sites during the thermal activation and its correlation to catalytic properties guide the rational catalyst design rather than relying on current trial-and-error approaches. Considerable efforts have further been invested in increasing the active site density and enhancing intrinsic activity by regulating carbon-phase structures and the local coordination environment. These highly active catalysts usually suffer from significant activity loss during the ORR. Therefore, breaking the activity–stability trade-off is the key to simultaneously achieving activity and stability in one catalyst, which is discussed on the basis of our recent successes in regulating local carbon structures surrounding active single metal sites. Significant research efforts toward understanding the degradation mechanisms and improving the lifetime of PGM-free catalysts are still crucial for viable applications in the future. Novel electrode designing strategies are needed to translate the PGM-free catalysts’ ORR activity to solid-state electrolyte-based membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with robust three-phase (i.e., gas–liquid–solid) interfaces for efficient charge and mass transports for performance improvement. On the basis of our effort at the University at Buffalo supported by ElectroCat Consortium associated with U.S. DOE’s Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, we provide a perspective on PGM-free cathode catalysts concerning remaining bottlenecks and future opportunities, aiming to inspire the community in both mechanistic understanding and technological development.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ МЕТАЛЛОГИДРИДОВ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ И ТРАНСПОРТИРОВКИ ВОДОРОДА

One of the most important priority areas of energy development is the use of hydrogen as part of the decarbonization trend. Hydrogen is a universal energy carrier, ensuring environmental friendliness, flexibility, and efficiency of energy processes that involve it. However, the widespread introduction of hydrogen energy technologies requires solving a number of critical problems, among which we can highlight the creation of efficient and safe storage and transportation systems. Along with the traditional methods of hydrogen storage and transportation, we can highlight the metal-hydride, which provides the achievement of extremely high volumetric densities of hydrogen atoms in the metal matrix, a wide range of operating pressures and temperatures, selective absorption processes, reduced energy costs and safety.

Review of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Research

In today's post-epidemic era, how to make the sky bluer, water clearer and human living standard higher has become the current direction of global human exploration and pursuit. In terms of passenger cars, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have become the object of competitive research in various countries because of their pollution-free, low-noise, and high conversion efficiency features. Based on the collation and summarization of relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper illustrates the basic principle of hydrogen-oxygen engine; describes the current situation of the development of hydrogen-fueled vehicle industry; and puts forward some suggestions for the future development of hydrogen energy technology. The constraints in the development of hydrogen fuel cell are analyzed and its future development trend is predicted.

Assessment of the current state of hydrogen energy in Russia

Despite the great uncertainty in the timing that analysts indicate in their forecasts, the transition to a new energy system is inevitable. This transition does not mean an instant and complete abandonment of hydrocarbon energy, but its gradual replacement with energy sources that do not pollute the environment during operation, with a low «carbon footprint». And the role of hydrogen energy in this process is significant. The purpose of the article is to review and assess the current state of hydrogen energy in Russia, in particular on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technologies. The article contains references from strategic and long-term planning documents in the field of energy, indicating the main directions of development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation; hydrogen energy technologies, including fuel cell technologies (FC): general characteristics, scope of their application, five main types of FC, and in more detail - the general characteristics and scope of SOFC as the most promising from the point of view of practical application and the level of technological development. The monitoring of publication activity on the subject of the SOFC was carried out, the methodology of which is based on the use of advanced search tools of the international scientific citation systems Web of Science and Scopus by keywords. The dynamics of the publication activity of scientists who conducted research on the subject of SOFC for the period 1990-2020 is presented; monitoring of the publication activity of 10 world leaders in scientific research in the field of SOFC for the period 2010-2020 and separately – the rating of Russian scientific organizations for the period 1990-2020. The results of the research of foreign scientists involved in this topic within the framework of megagrant projects, as well as the results of competitive selections within the framework of state support for young Russian scientists (grants and scholarships of the President of the Russian Federation) are analyzed.

Grain-growth mediated hydrogen sorption kinetics and compensation effect in single Pd nanoparticles

Grains constitute the building blocks of polycrystalline materials and their boundaries determine bulk physical properties like electrical conductivity, diffusivity and ductility. However, the structure and evolution of grains in nanostructured materials and the role of grain boundaries in reaction or phase transformation kinetics are poorly understood, despite likely importance in catalysis, batteries and hydrogen energy technology applications. Here we report an investigation of the kinetics of (de)hydriding phase transformations in individual Pd nanoparticles. We find dramatic evolution of single particle grain morphology upon cyclic exposure to hydrogen, which we identify as the reason for the observed rapidly slowing sorption kinetics, and as the origin of the observed kinetic compensation effect. These results shed light on the impact of grain growth on kinetic processes occurring inside nanoparticles, and provide mechanistic insight in the observed kinetic compensation effect.

Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Methane on Carbon Materials and Its Use in Hydrogen Energy Technologies

Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Methane on Carbon Materials and Its Use in Hydrogen Energy Technologies

Research on the Hydrogen Production Technology

Hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention because of its renewable and zero-emission characteristics. It is also a secondary energy source with broad development prospects, so the hydrogen energy industry is an emerging industry of strategic significance. In order to effectively promote the development of hydrogen energy industry, major countries in the world have attached great importance to the research, development and application of hydrogen energy technology, and its development and utilization technology has become an important direction of the new round of world energy technology reform. This paper mainly compares the three widely used methods of hydrogen production, namely, thermochemical recombination, electrolysis of water and photolysis of water, and analyzes the advantages and defects of each method, and lists the solutions to the different defects.

Development Status and Trend of Green Hydrogen Energy Technology

Development Status and Trend of Green Hydrogen Energy Technology

Socio-economic problems of hydrogen energy development

THE PURPOSE. To consider the features of the socio-economic development of Russia in the context of the fourth energy transition, which is based on the use of renewable energy sources and hydrogen as an energy carrier. To carry out a comparative analysis of approaches to the development and implementation of hydrogen energy programs in developed countries and in Russia. METHODOLOGY. To solve this problem, the method of analyzing the regulatory framework, monographic, scientific and analytical literature, program documents of various levels, real steps of the authorities in the implementation of the fourth energy transition was used. DISCUSSIONS. The current economic model of energy production and consumption is based on an increase in entropy, which leads to irreversible changes in the global ecosystem. The fourth energy transition involves the delocalization of energy production and the use of dissipated energy, which leads to a decrease in entropy. The transition to the use of renewable energy sources carries economic risks associated with the loss of established markets for traditional energy sources, a reduction in the production of products and services for the oil and gas sector of the economy, as well as the introduction of a "carbon tax" on the export products of Russian companies. Russia has achieved certain results in the development of hydrogen energy technologies, which can lead to access to international markets for hydrogen and technologies for its production. It is necessary to work with the public to explain the benefits of green energy. It is important to coordinate the actions of the Government of the Russian Federation and business to reduce costs during the transition to new energy. CONCLUSION. The authors have proposed measures that must be taken into account when implementing the Action Plan ("road map") for the development of hydrogen energy in the Russian Federation until 2024. 1. To supplement the roadmap with a system of measures to inform the population of the need to introduce green energy, including programs of additional, general secondary and higher education. 2. To change the structure of the Federal State Educational Standard of general secondary education in terms of including chemistry and biology in the list of compulsory subjects in order to provide personnel with hydrogen energy. 3. Determine the priority of projects on renewable energy sources and hydrogen energy in the formation of tender documentation by the development institutes of the Russian Federation. 4. Ensure real decarbonization of the country's energy sector to maintain the export positions of raw materials, food and industrial goods of Russian manufacturers.

Liquid versus gas phase dehydrogenation of formic acid over Co@N-doped carbon materials. The role of single atomic sites

Abstract N-doped carbon nanomaterials containing certain transition metals have recently attracted significant interest as the promising noble-metal-free composites for a variety of applications, including in particular catalytic generation of molecular hydrogen from formic acid (FA). This reaction is increasingly becoming essential for advanced hydrogen energy technologies in the area of energy storage and conversion devices. Here, we report a comparative study on FA decomposition over Co@N-doped carbon materials obtained by a variety of synthetic approaches. The reaction was examined under both liquid- and gas-phase conditions. Most notably, it has been shown that a technologically rather simple method for the preparation of Co@N-doped carbon, which is based on physical mixing (solid-state grinding) of cobalt(II) salts, nitrogen-containing ligands and carbon black, followed by pyrolysis, leads to the desired and highly competitive catalytic performance. The key role of single atomic catalytic sites is discussed to provide the catalytic properties of Co@N-carbon materials toward FA dehydrogenation regardless of peculiarities of their preparation method.

Graphdiyne Ultrathin Nanosheets for Efficient Water Splitting

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is an emerging 2D carbon material that exhibits unusual structures and properties. Therefore, growing heterogeneous materials on the surface of GDY is very attractive to achieve efficient energy utilization. Here, a simple method for the controllable synthesis of ultrathin charge‐transfer complexes (CTs) of nickel with terephthalic acid nanosheets on GDY is reported. This catalyst shows record‐high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with an overpotential of only 155 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline electrolyte. Density functional theory calculations reveals that a strong p–d coupling effect in the GDY–CT interface region enhances the overall electronic activity, resulting in fast reversible redox‐switching with a low electron‐transfer barrier. Experimental characterization confirms that GDY plays a key role in modulating the morphological and electronic structures to accelerate the OER rate. These findings are expected to contribute to the design of more efficient catalysts for the realization of efficient hydrogen energy technologies.

Estimating of the size of subsides for the use of hydrogen energy technologies for potential consumers

This article discusses the prospects for the use of hydrogen technologies in conjunction with renewable energy sources. A sim plified model of the power system of an isolated consumer using hydrogen technologies has been compiled. An experimental calculation of the electrical part of the system has been carried out. Based on the results obtained, conclusions are drawn about the further improvement of this model.

Tailoring Binding Abilities by Incorporating Oxophilic Transition Metals on 3D Nanostructured Ni Arrays for Accelerated Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Developing efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis plays a key role for renewable hydrogen energy technology. The slow reaction kinetics of HER in alkaline solutions, however, has hampered advances in high-performance hydrogen production. Herein, we investigated the trends in HER activity with respect to the binding energies of Ni-based thin film catalysts by incorporating a series of oxophilic transition metal atoms. It was found that the doping of oxophilic atoms enables the modulation of binding abilities of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions on the Ni surfaces, leading to the first establishment of a volcano relation between OH-binding energies and alkaline HER activities. In particular, Cr-incorporated Ni catalyst shows optimized OH-binding as well as H-binding energies for facilitating water dissociation and improving HER activity in alkaline media. Further enhancement of catalytic performance was achieved by introducing an array of three-dimensional (3D) Ni nanohelixes (NHs) that provide abundant surface active sites and effective channels for charge transfer and mass transport. The Cr dopants incorporated into the Ni NHs accelerate the dissociative adsorption process of water, resulting in remarkably enhanced catalytic activities in alkaline medium. Our approach can provide a rational design strategy and experimental methodology toward efficient bimetallic electrocatalysts for alkaline HER using earth-abundant elements.

Agnostic deep neural network approach to the estimation of hydrogen production for solar-powered systems

Countries' abilities to meet their own energy needs using renewable and clean energy regardless of external sources is an important option in terms of sustainability. Moreover, very low emission systems can be developed using a combination of hydrogen energy technologies and renewable energy systems. However, renewable energy shows certain irregularities as a fact of its very nature. However, an energy source that is not affected by irregularities is quite possible using electricity produced from renewable energy in production and storage of hydrogen. At this point, the predictability of a country's energy sources is vital when investing in stable energy systems. In this study, the hydrogen production values of a PEM electrolyser (PEM-E), as supported by GaAs Photovoltaic (GaAsPV) technology, are estimated using data from a meteorological station with high solar energy potential. The observed and predicted solar radiation values constitute the main dataset. Daily radiation estimations are achieved via an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Logic Inference System (ANFIS), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Empirical Angström-Prescott (EAP), and Agnostic Deep Learning (DL) models. The system, which consists of a 10 kW (68.10 m2) GaAsPV and 4688 W PEM-E, is considered for the determination of HP values. The root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) are used as performance criteria in comparing hydrogen production based on estimated solar radiation with observed values falling on inclined surfaces. The DL model is highly compatible with the observed data and is the most successful model of those considered with a performance value of 96.26% (R2).

Study on the Combination of Low-Pressure Hydrogen Cylinder and Non-sintered Ceramic Wall to Solve Water Permeability

Global green energy development by many technological breakthroughs, so that the new composite materials modified and designed, so that new energy has a new look, this study to improve people’s high-pressure hydrogen storage of hydrogen energy technology hazards and hidden worries, so design and improve the local low-pressure hydrogen storage combined with secondary building wall design, and sustainable environmental thinking, The use of waste ceramic reuse technology, combined with low-pressure hydrogen bottle design to form a new composite material structure, and the best parameters to solve waterproof non-sintered ceramic clad metal material research, and OM, salt spray, perspective X-RAY observation with metal now ceramic anti-corrosion permeability, the future use of geotechnical engineering, building diversification. More so that hydrogen in non-high pressure, more in people’s life circle and local hydrogen storage and PC use. Thank partially support by the MOST 108-2221-E-343-001.