Hydroalcoholic Extract Research Articles

GC/MS and 2D NMR-based approach to evaluate the chemical profile of hydroalcoholic extract from Agaricus blazei Murill and its anti-inflammatory effect on human neutrophils

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAgaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is one of the main mushrooms used for medicinal purposes. The use of AbM in the preparation of teas is widespread mainly in Asian countries, while in Brazil it is used as a functional food to combat inflammatory diseases and cancer. Aim of the studyThe main focus of this study was the characterization of the chemical profile of the hydroalcoholic extract of Agaricus blazei Murill (AbE), as well as the evaluation of its cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory potential using human neutrophils. Materials and methodsThe extract was prepared by dynamic maceration using a mixture of ethanol and water (70/30, v v−1) as solvent. The chemical profile characterization was carried out by 2D NMR and GC-MS techniques. The cytotoxicity of AbE was evaluated through studies of hemolytic potential, cell viability and membrane integrity. The anti-inflammatory activity was analyzed by a PMA-induced neutrophil degranulation assay. ResultsChemical analysis of AbE revealed the presence of 28 metabolites in its composition, with mannitol as the major compound. AbE at 1–200 μg mL−1 and mannitol at 4–160 μg mL−1, showed low hemolytic and cytotoxic potential against human red blood cells and neutrophils. Furthermore, both were able to significantly reduce the release of myeloperoxidase. ConclusionsThese results indicate that AbE is a promising natural product to be incorporated into pharmaceutical dosage forms intended for the adjuvant treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Evaluation of the efficacy of hydro-alcoholic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides L. for the treatment of primary hypertension – A randomized controlled trial

Ethnopharmacological relevanceEvolvulus alsinoides L. (Sankhaholi) has been traditionally used in Unani (Greco-Arabic) medicine to treat diverse cardiovascular disorders. Notably, preclinical and clinical investigations have substantiated its remarkable potential as an antihypertensive agent. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of hydroalcoholic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides L. and ramipril in treating hypertension using a higher dose of the test drug within the recommended limit. Materials and methodsIn this open-label randomized controlled trial, 57 participants (29 in the test group, 28 in the control group) completed the 42-day study. The test group received 630 mg of dried hydro-alcoholic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides L. in capsule form orally once daily, while the control group received 5 mg of Ramipril orally once daily. Participants in both groups were advised to adhere to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan in terms of diet and lifestyle adjustments recommended by JNC-8. The primary outcome measures were changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as changes in plasma levels of hsCRP and IL6. Secondary outcome measures included changes in symptoms such as palpitations, giddiness, headaches, fatigue and shortness of breath. Headaches, palpitations, and giddiness were assessed using a customized Visual Analog Scale (VAS) graded as “none,” “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe”. Fatigue was assessed on a binary scale as either absent or present, and dyspnea was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale for breathlessness. Both primary and secondary outcomes were assessed at baseline and each follow-up visit (2nd week, 4th week, and 6th week) until the completion of the trial. ResultsAt the end of the trial, the mean differences for the primary outcomes were as follows:SBP:−1.8895%CI:−4.82,1.05,p=0.203,d=0.33, DBP: −2.8395%CI:−4.67,−0.10,p=0.003,d=0.8, hsCRP: −1.4095%CI:−2.80,−0.003,p=0.49,d=0.53, and IL6: −88.6795%CI:−148.90,−28.43,p=0.005,d=0.78. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups for any of the secondary outcomes. ConclusionsBased on the preliminary results, it can be inferred that the hydro-alcoholic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides L. exhibits significant antihypertensive potential, comparable to that of ramipril. Furthermore, it appears that Evolvulus alsinoides L. may be more effective than ramipril in reducing the biochemical markers of inflammation associated with primary hypertension. However, additional research is required to validate these findings.

The Comparative Effect of Citrullus colocynthis Hydro-Alcoholic Extract and Metformin on Morphometric Ovarian Follicles Disorders in Estradilol valerate-Iinduced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects 6-10% of women in reproductive age. The medicinal values of Citrullus colocynthis extract (CCT) stems from its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study evaluated the comparative effect of CCT and metformin on morphometric ovarian disorders in PCOS rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats having 2-3 consecutive estrous cycles during two weeks were divided into five groups (n=10 each group). The rats in the control group only received sesame oil as estradiol valerate solvent, whereas the rats in the sham group were injected intramuscularly with 4 mg/rat estradiol valerate-induced PCOS. Following PCOS induction, the rats in the metformin group received 50 mg/kg metformin orally for three weeks. Rats in the Extract group were treated with 50 mg/kg plant extract for 21 days following the induction with PCOS. Additionally, the rats in metformin+ extract group were treated with the combination of 50 mg metformin plus plant extract for three weeks. The ovaries were removed and were fixed for tissue processing. The slices were stained by hematoxylin-eosin after clearing and hydration. Follicular count and morphometric changes were evaluated in primordial, primary, pre-antral and antral follicles. Results: The mean diameter of primordial follicle was similar in all groups, but mean diameter of primary follicle decreased in the sham group (145.50± 49.26 µm) compared to metformin (278.76± 156.64 µm), extract (311.70± 147.74 µm) and metformin+ extract groups (265.35± 88.16 µm). The diameter of pre-antral and antral follicles in the sham group were significantly larger than those in the control group, but were not significantly different in all other groups including metformin, extract, and metformin+ extract in comparison with control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the data has demonstrated that CCT like metformin could improve follicular morphometric disorders in PCOS rats. [GMJ.2018;7:e1045] Â

The Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Quercus brantii and Artemisia aucheri Boiss Against Trichomonas vaginalis In vitro.

Trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted protozoan infection worldwide. Metronidazole is widely considered as the drug of choice for treating of trichomoniasis but considering its potential side effects, we aimed to assess the therapeutic influences of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Quercus brantii and Artemisia aucheri Boiss as alternative medications against Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis). The trophozoites were cultured in TYI-S-33 medium at a density of 5x105 trophozoites/mL. Subsequently, they were incubated with varying concentrations of the plant extracts (32, 64, 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL) and metronidazole (16, 32, 64, 125, 250, and 500 μg/mL), as the positive control. The number of trophozoites in each well plate was quantified after 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours using trypan blue staining. Finally, the viability of the parasite was assessed by vital methylene blue staining. The hydro-alcoholic extracts of Q. brantii and A. aucheri Boiss at concentrations of 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL demonstrated significant efficacy against the parasite. Our findings indicated that the minimum effective concentrations were 125 μg/mL and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Q. brantii and A. aucheri Boiss have the ability to effectively eliminate T. vaginalis after 48 and 72 hours of treatment. The findings of the present study showed that hydro-alcoholic extract of Q. brantii and A. aucheri Boiss can induce death in T. vaginalis. However, further complementary in vivo studies are needed to assess the components of these plants in the treatment of T. vaginalis.

Hydroalcoholic Extract of Ziziphus Jujuba Leaf to Prevent Ethylene Glycol and Ammonium Chloride-Induced Kidney Stones in Male Rat: Is it Effective?

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ziziphus jujuba (Z. jujuba) leaf hydroalcoholic extract on the prevention/treatment of kidney stones. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, Sham (kidney stone induction (KSI) by ethylene glycol 1% + ammonium chloride 0.25% through drinking water for 28 days), Prevention groups 1, 2 (KSI and Z. jujuba leaf (250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) through gavage for 28 days), and Treatment groups 1, 2 (KSI and Z. jujuba leaf (250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) from the 15th day). On the 29th day, the rats' 24-hour urine was assessed, the animals were weighed, and blood samples were taken. Finally, after nephrectomy and weighing the kidneys, tissue sections were prepared to examine the number of calcium oxalate crystals and tissue changes. The results indicated a significant increase in kidney weight and index, tissue changes, and the number of calcium oxalate crystals in the Sham group compared to the control; using Z. jujuba leaf considerably reduced them in experimental groups compared to the Sham. Body weight decreased in the Sham and experimental groups (except the prevention 2 group) compared to the control, while this observed reduction was lower in all experimental groups compared to the Sham. The mean urinary calcium, uric acid, creatinine, and serum creatinine in Sham and experimental groups (except the prevention 2 group) indicated a substantial increase compared to the control and decreased significantly in all experimental groups compared to the Sham. Hydroalcoholic extract of Z. jujuba leaf is effective in the reduction of calcium oxalate crystals forming, and its most effective dose was 500mg/kg.

Investigating the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta fruit on the toxicity induced by temozolomide in glioblastoma cell line in vitro

Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common human brain tumors. The use of temozolomide drug can be mentioned among the treatment methods. Researchers are trying to use methods to overcome resistance to temozolomide. Regarding the anticancer effects of Prosopis farcta in traditional Iranian medicine, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the fruit hydroalcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta on the toxicity induced by temozolomide in the GBM cell line. Method: The T98G cell line was treated with plant extract and temozolomide. The cell survival rate was evaluated by MTT assay. The type of interaction between herbal extract and temozolomide was evaluated using the MTT test and Compusyn software. In addition, the amount of nitric oxide production in cancer cells was measured. Furthermore, the expression of the O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) gene was evaluated by Real-time PCR. Results: Hydroalcoholic extract of the plant and temozolomide decreased cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The combination of extract and temozolomide had a synergistic effect in reducing cell survival. The hydroalcoholic extract and/or temozolomide caused a significant decrease in nitric oxide production and secretion (P<0.05). Considering the expression of MGMT, the hydroalcoholic extract and temozolomide significantly decreased and increased the expression of this gene, respectively (P<0.05). Simultaneous treatment caused a significant decrease in MGMT expression compared to the group treated with temozolomide (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Prosopis farcta fruit extract and temozolomide had synergistic antitumor potential in GBM cells. This extract could reduce cellular resistance to temozolomide through the downregulation of MGMT expression.

Effect of Coadministration of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aegle marmelos Leaves and Tamarindus indica Seeds on Streptozocin-Nicotinamide Induced Type- 2 Diabetic Rat Model

It is difficult for doctors to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients without having an effect that is too detrimental to the patient, despite the advancements that have been made in diabetes medications. Because of their adaptability and capacity to lower blood sugar with very few unintended side effects, herbal preparations are quickly gaining in popularity worldwide. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Tamarindus indica seeds and Aegle marmelos leaves were tested to determine what kind of effect they had on a model of diabetes carried out on rats. For the purpose of this investigation, 54 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as participants. Group I comprised of six people who did not have diabetes and were considered to be in good health. Intraperitoneal injections of streptozocin (55 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (NAD) (120 mg/kg) were used to induce diabetes in the remaining animals (n = 48). Following that, we divided them up into a total of eight distinct categories. Animals in groups IV and V were given AM at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, animals in groups VI and VII were given TI at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, animals in groups VIII and IX were given a combination of the two extracts (AM25+TI25 & AM50+TI50), while diabetic animals were used as controls in group II. A positive control consisting of metformin given at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day was utilized in group III. When compared to the diabetic control group, the fasting blood glucose levels and the area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test were lower in all treatment groups. When compared to the metformin groups, the performance of the extract combination groups was considerably superior (p 0.01). Additionally, as compared to the diabetic control group, all of the treatment groups had significantly reduced levels of MDA and hepatic G-6-Pase activity (p 0.001). In terms of effectiveness, the combination group performed much better than the metformin group despite the fact that all pharmacological groups showed significant increases in body weight, relative liver weight, HDL level, and liver glycogen content in comparison to the diabetic controls. (p <05). When compared to the diabetic control group, all therapy groups showed an increase in G-6PD activity (p 0.001), catalase levels (p 0.001), and glutathione (GSH) levels (p 0.05). In STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats, a combination of extracts (AM50+T150) demonstrated the best improvement after 30 days of therapy when compared to metformin and hydroalcoholic extracts (AM and TI) alone. This was the case even when both treatments were administered separately. There was no difference in the circumstances no matter which extracts were utilized.

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Herbal Antifungal Cream by using Psidium guajava Leaf Extract

Fungal infection is one of the major health concerns globally and varies from superficial to systemic infections. Psidium guajava Linn. leaf extract showed antifungal activity against wide range of fungi. The present research focuses on the development and investigation of cream with guava leaf extract. Ethanolic, methanolic and hydroalcoholic leaf extract was evaluated for total flavonoid content, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Further cream-based extract was optimized using 32 factorial designs. Beeswax and tween 80 were selected as the independent variables whose impact was studied on viscosity and %cumulative drug diffusion. Optimized cream was characterized by appearance, pH, washability, spreadability, in-vitro drug diffusion study, antifungal test and skin irritation test on wistar rats. The hydroalcoholic extract showed the highest content of flavonoids and a better zone of inhibition (27 ± 1 mm). HPTLC results confirmed the presence of essential flavonoids. Cream with 6% beeswax and 5% tween 80 with a viscosity 10420 cP and 70% drug diffusion was considered as optimized batch. The prepared cream showed satisfactory results for all evaluated parameters. The antifungal test showed the highest zone of inhibition for cream (25 mm) in comparison to standard formulation (23 mm). No any sign of skin irritation was observed. The prepared formulation is the best suitable alternative for the available topical antifungal formulation

Chemoprevention of DMH Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Combination Administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Calcium and Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract

Colon cancer has become one of the most prevalent and deadliest type of cancer in the globe in recent years. In order to prevent colon cancer triggered by DMH (1,2-dimethyl hydrazine hydrochloride), this study was to investigate the potential chemopreventive effects of calcium citrate, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Moringa oleifera leaf extract. Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 10 different groups and received subcutaneous injections of DMH (30 mg/kg) for 8 weeks of duration. Treatment groups were served for 4 weeks, 5-Flurouracil (20 mg/kg) was dosed with two intraperitoneal injections in a week and. L. acidophilus (1 × 109 cfu/kg p.o.), calcium citrate (2 mg/kg p.o.) and hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o.) were used for daily. All animals were killed after the completion of treatment, and colonic tissues were assessed for biochemical and histopathological parameters. DMH treatment-induced cellular and systemic oxidative stress results in depletion of cellular antioxidant enzyme levels with an alteration in hematological counts. The colonic tissues had a loose histoarchitecture with severe cellular infiltration, edema in the epithelium, and a moderate nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, goblet cells. Combination treatments of L. acidophilus (LA), Calcium citrate (CC), and hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves (ME) showed positive improvements in antioxidant enzyme levels, hematology count, and colonic tissue histoarchitecture. From outcomes of the present work concluded that a combination treatment of L. acidophilus, calcium citrate and a hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves showed chemo-preventive effects against colon cancer triggered by DMH.

Diuretic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Peristrophe bicalyculata (R.) Nees. Leaves in Saline Loaded Rats

Peristrophe bicalyculata (R.) Nees. (PB) is one of the most widely medicinal plants used in ancient folklore to treat a number of diseases. In the present investigation, the diuretic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of selected plant was evaluated in saline-loaded rats. Rats weighing in between 180 to 200 gm of either sex were taken for the present study and concentration of urinary NA+K+ and Cl- was determined to access the memorandum of association (MOA). The hydroalcoholic extract of PB leaves at the test dose of 250 mg/kg bw showed significant diuresis in 3 hours while at the test dose of 500 mg/kg bw produced substantial diuresis at the end of 4 hours.

Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Leaves of Vitex trifolia Linn. on Chronic Inflammation and Tuberculosis

Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Leaves of Vitex trifolia Linn. on Chronic Inflammation and Tuberculosis

Phytochemical composition and insecticidal effects of native plant extracts against the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

The mango mealybug Rastrococcus invadens Williams causes enormous damage to fruit trees in Burkina Faso, with losses of up to 90% for mango trees and 53% for citrus fruits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal effects of native plant extracts against this insect pest. The insecticidal activity and biological effectiveness of the extracts were evaluated on Petri dishes and mango leaves previously contaminated by spraying them with the native plant extracts. The experimental was a completely randomized Fischer block, and compared six doses of the hydroalcoholic extracts of A. conyzoides and H. suaveolens with abamectin 18 EC and water (control). These treatments were repeated up to ten times. The determination of the efficiency coefficients was achieved using Abbott's formula (1925). Both extracts of A. conyzoides and H. suaveolens were effective, but the one based on A. conyzoides at 50 gl -1 was the most effective with 100% mortality in 48 hours compared to 95.00% for H. suaveolens’ extract in 72 h. Their respective LC50 were 12.50 gl -1 and 17.49 gl -1, showing that A. conyzoides’ extract is more toxic to R. invadens. The high content in phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc. of leafy stems of A. conyzoides and of H. suaveolens could help to sustainably control R. invadens in an integrated approach and effectively protect mango orchards.

Exploring In Vitro the Combination of Cistus × incanus L. and Castanea sativa Mill. Extracts as Food Supplement Ingredients against H. pylori Infection.

Cistus spp. have been traditionally used for inflammatory and infectious disorders, including gastrointestinal ailments, in the Mediterranean area. Among them, Cistus × incanus L. is one of the most frequently cited species in the literature for a variety of biological activities which include inflammatory diseases. Cistus spp. aerial parts are rich in polyphenols such as condensed and hydrolysable tannins, procyanidins, and flavonoids, which show gastroprotective activities. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the biological activities of a hydroalcoholic extract from Cistus × incanus L. aerial parts in gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) infected with H. pylori. The extracts inhibited IL-8 and NF-κB induced by H. pylori and showed antibacterial activity after simulated digestion. Since our previous paper reported interesting results on the ability of Castanea sativa Mill. leaf extract to decrease inflammatory conditions in H. pylori-infected gastric cells, the combination of Castanea sativa and Cistus × incanus extracts was also investigated, showing strong anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of bacterial adhesion. This association of botanicals is proposed herein as a novel food supplement capable of counteracting gastric inflammatory conditions.

Broad-spectrum virucidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract of grape pomace

Grape pomace is a by-product of winemaking often disposed of before full exploitation. Indeed, this natural product holds great potential for sustainable utilization. In this study, dried grape pomace was reprocessed to assess its potential as a valuable source of antiviral metabolites. The antiviral activity of the extract was assessed against Herpes Simplex virus type-2, Feline Calicivirus, Coxsackievirus B5, and Influenza type-A virus, revealing potent broad virucidal effect. Indeed, it abolished viral infection when the extract was incubated with viruses before or during infection, whereas no significant toxic effects were observed up to 3 mg/mL.UHPLC-MS/MS analysis identified quercetin, gallic acid, and ethyl gallate as its primary constituents. These did not fully account for its virucidal action, suggesting the presence of additional active components and/or synergistic effect of more compounds.Thus, grape pomace may be exploited as a sustainable source for the preparation of environmentally friendly broad-spectrum virucidal disinfectants.

Effect of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract on differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and osteocytes

IntroductionOsteoarthritis is a major type of joint disease. Cell therapy is the main hopeful therapeutic method to treat this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract on the differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells to chondrogenic and osteogenic cells a perspective for treatment of Osteoarthritis. MethodsThe hydroalcoholic extract of S. striata were prepared. The S. striata extract was standardised according to gallic acid and querctin by HPLC. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) were cultured in DMEM/F12 complemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. After the identification of cells, cell viability was measured by MTT assays, 24 and 48 hours after treatment with different concentrations of plant extract. The expression pattern of special chondrogenic and osteogenic genes and stem cell markers was evaluated through real time-PCR. ResultsOur findings showed that the S. striata plant extract has the capability of reducing the viability of hADSCs cells at concentration of 800 and 1000 ug/ml after 24 and 48 hours. The dosage of S. striata that significantly induced hADSCs cell differentiation is IC25, and the IC50 for hADSCs was 865.0 and 642.9 µg/ml after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract of the S. striata was standardised according to Gallic acid (0.33 mg gallic acid/g Extract) and Quercetin (2.81 mg quercetin/g Extract) compounds. ConclusionThe results showed that in addition to exerting anti-inflammatory effects, S. striata can induce the orientation of hADSCs cells into osteogenic and chondrogenic cells.

Antipyretic activity of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium L. as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water against yeast-induced pyrexia in albino Wistar rats.

In Unani medicine, a comprehensive treatment plan has been delineated to deal with febrile illnesses using herbal drugs along with modified dietetics, which stands as apromising area of research. The present study was aimed atevaluating the antipyretic activity of the HAE of Artemisia absinthium L. whole plant as a standalone and as an adjuvant with barley water in an animal model of pyrexia tovalidate the age-old Unani principle of the treatment. The pyrexia was induced in all the groups except the plain control using Brewer's yeast. Group II did not receive any treatment, while group III received crocin, group IV received HAE of A.absinthium, group V administered Maal-Sha'ir, and group VI was treated with the HAE of A.absinthium along with Ma al-Sha'ir by oral route. The rectal temperature of each rat was recorded at '0' h, 30 min, 60 min, and 180 min. The mean rectal temperature of group III went down from 101.82±0.20 °F to 100.4±0.57 °F over the period of(0-180) minutes, whereas the mean temperature in groupIV went down from 102.45±0.60 °F to 100.14±0.57 °F. The mean rectal temperature of group V decreased from 100.62±0.11 °F to 99.55±0.51 °F, while the mean rectal temperature of group VI went down from 101.95±0.1 °F to97.7±0.11 °F. It is concluded that the HAE of A.absinthium L. as a standalone and along with Ma al Sha'ir showed excellent antipyretic activity as compared to the standard drug in an animal model.

Exploring the potential of Lindernia ciliata: isolation, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of its anti-diabetic properties

We isolated two phytoconstituents using bioassay guided isolation for anti-diabetic property from the hydroalcoholic extract of Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell (Family: Linderniaceae). We assessed the anti-diabetic potential using various assays, including the glucose absorption assay, glucose uptake in isolated rat abdominal muscle assay, insulin secretion by RIN-5F cells assay, α-amylase inhibition activity, and DPP-4 inhibition assay. The results from our study indicated that the ethanol and water fractions obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract significantly improved glucose uptake, demonstrating promising anti-diabetic properties. Further investigation led to the isolation of two distinct compounds, LCF-1 (IUPAC name: 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one) (LCF-1) and LCF-2 (IUPAC name: 3S,10R,13R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol). Consequently, our findings suggest that LCF-1 and LCF-2 are two phytoconstituent derived from the hydroalcoholic extract of L. ciliata, could serve as a potential source of anti-diabetic agents. This highlights its suitability for further development in the creation of herbal pharmaceuticals for diabetes treatment.

Preparation of hydroalcoholic pomegranate extract and development of herbal syrup for the treatment of laryngitis

Preparation of hydroalcoholic pomegranate extract and development of herbal syrup for the treatment of laryngitis

Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Jatropha mollissima leaves in Wistar rats.

Introduction: Despite modern sciences and advancements in new drugs or chemicals, the new era now rushes natural remedies for various illnesses and diseases that lead to end organ damage. In this study, we investigated Jatropha mollissima ethanolic extract's effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and renal toxicity. Methods: To determine phytochemicals, a phytochemical screening was conducted. Various assays were used to measure the antioxidant activity, including the DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), SOD (superoxide dismutase), NO (nitric oxide), and others. The antiproliferative effect of Jm was assessed by MTT assay; morphological analysis was performed using an inverted and phase contrast microscope, ultra morphological analysis of apoptosis with acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: It was seen that doxorubicin caused elevated serum markers and abnormal changes in histological patterns. The significant reduction in cardiac and renal marker levels seen in groups given either 400 or 600mg/kg of crude extract demonstrates that Jm has a protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity due to the presence of active phytoconstituents having antioxidant potential. There is a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability when using J. mollissima. Apoptosis was observed in the treated cells. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research lends credence to the idea that J. mollissima could be used for cancer management and have cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects.

Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of New Romanian Lavandula Species.

The aims of the present study were to evaluate for the first time the chemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative potentials of the Romanian George 90 lavender species, as well as parental species, L. angustifolia and L. latifolia. The L. angustifolia, L. latifolia and George 90 essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS/MS and the L. angustifolia, L. latifolia and George 90 hydroalcoholic extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD. The antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiproliferative assays revealed that all the investigated species showed significant activities. The results highlighted the chemical composition and the promising biological potentials of the L. angustifolia, L. latifolia and George 90 lavender species, validating their ethnomedicinal value, which offers potential applications as natural drugs.