Hybrid Power Supply System Research Articles

Construction of hybrid autonomous and backup power supply for complex solar systems

The perspective hybrid autonomous and reserve power supply system, which is used in a complex heliosystems was developed by using of renewable energy sources in the form of photovoltaic panels, rechargeable batteries, charge controller and inverter, that converts the low-voltage constant current 12-24 V to the consumer standard ~ 220 V. This hybrid system was used in a complex heliosystems (in the case of unstable lighting the solar panels on the roof and walls simultaneously are disposed or on the East West are disposed etc.). Optimization (replacement) of the solar controller is the first step to the power generation increase by solar batteries, without solar panels adding. The most effective model of microcontroller unit for construction of a hybrid autonomous and emergency power supply system was investigated and developed by using of a Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM), as well as the solar battery Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), which are used in a complex heliosystems maximum performance set up. This paper also consider the possibility to use of «intelectual» microcontrollers as control elements of microcontroller block to build an effective model of hybrid power supply system microcontroller unit for it maximum productivity setup. Microcontrollers with the MPPT technology of maximum power point tracking show a considerable advantages over other types of microcontroller block, such as low power microcontroller MPT612 with 32-bit RISC-processor ARM7TDMI-S.

Optimal power flow management for distributed energy resources with batteries

This paper presents an optimal energy management model of a solar photovoltaic-diesel-battery hybrid power supply system for off-grid applications. The aim is to meet the load demand completely while satisfying the system constraints. The proposed model minimizes fuel and battery wear costs and finds the optimal power flow, taking into account photovoltaic power availability, battery bank state of charge and load power demand. The optimal solutions are compared for cases when the objectives are weighted equally and when a larger weight is assigned to battery wear. A considerable increase in system operational cost is observed in the latter case owing to the increased usage of the diesel generator. The results are important for decision makers, as they depict the optimal decisions considered in the presence of trade-offs between conflicting objectives.

Development of a Cost-Effective Solar/Diesel Independent Power Plant for a Remote Station

The paper discusses the design, simulation, and optimization of a solar/diesel hybrid power supply system for a remote station. The design involves determination of the station total energy demand as well as obtaining the station solar radiation data. This information was used to size the components of the hybrid power supply system (HPSS) and to determine its configuration. Specifically, an appropriate software package, HOMER, was used to determine the number of solar panels, deep-cycle batteries, and rating of the inverter that comprise the solar section of the HPSS. A suitable diesel generator was also selected for the HPSS after careful technical and cost analysis of those available in the market. The designed system was simulated using the HOMER software package and the simulation results were used to carry out the optimization of the system. The final design adequately meets the station energy requirement. Based on a life expectancy of twenty-five years, a cost-benefit analysis of the HPSS was carried out. This analysis shows that the HPSS has a lower cost as compared to a conventional diesel generator power supply, thus recommending the HPSS as a more cost-effective solution for this application.

Impact of Supercapacitor Ageing Model on Optimal Sizing and Control of a HEV using Combinatorial Optimization

This paper presents an optimization problem for sizing and energy management of a hybrid electric vehicle including a fuel cell system and supercapacitors pack. From a predefined cycle and including ageing and thermal models of supercapacitors, the objective is to minimize the total cost of ownership of the hybrid power supply system. The ageing model is based on Eyring law and a thermal model of supercapacitor pack. This problem is solved using a Branch and Cut algorithm with an iterative strategy. Some results are presented and the impact of ageing model is discussed.

Energy dispatch strategy for a photovoltaic–wind–diesel–battery hybrid power system

In this paper, an energy dispatch model that satisfies the load demand, taking into account the intermittent nature of the solar and wind energy sources and variations in demand, is presented for a solar photovoltaic–wind–diesel–battery hybrid power supply system. Model predictive control techniques are applied in the management and control of such a power supply system. The emphasis in this work is on the co-ordinated management of energy flow from the battery, wind, photovoltaic and diesel generators when the system is subject to disturbances. The results show that the advantages of the approach become apparent in its capability to attenuate and its robustness against uncertainties and external disturbances. When compared with the open loop model, the closed-loop model is shown to be more superior owing to its ability to predict future system behavior and compute appropriate corrective control actions required to meet variations in demand and radiation. Diesel consumption is generally shown to be more in winter than in summer. This work thus presents a more practical solution to the energy dispatch problem.

Subproportion control of double input buck converter for fuel cell/battery hybrid power supply system

Characterised with more integrated topology, simpler manipulations, less component count, and comparative higher efficiency, multiple-input converters (MICs) become an attractive candidate in renewable energy hybrid systems (REHSs). To seamlessly and smoothly transit from one operating mode to another is one of the critical issues that the energy management strategy should concern about. Normally, the mode transition (MT) design is usually required for the auxiliary circuits and components, which runs opposite to the MIC's intrinsic advantages and may cause potential problems for the system's reliability and stability. The subproportion control (SPC) approach presented in this study combines two operating modes into a sole control algorithm module without any hardware assistance. The so-called subproportion (SP) term is an additional control variable served as a certain proportion of the voltage-regulation duty cycle, dv . The product of SP and dv composes the duty cycle for current limitation of the first power source, beyond which, a seamless and smooth MT can be automatically and spontaneously implemented. The small-signal modelling for the three most-commonly-used topologies in the MIC family showed SPC's universal applicability. It was employed onto a 1 kW double-input-buck-converter-based fuel cells/battery REHS prototype for the verification of its control performance and auto-MT capability.

Energy Management and Control of Electric Vehicles, Using Hybrid Power Source in Regenerative Braking Operation

Today’s battery powered electric vehicles still face many issues: (1) Ways of improving the regenerative braking energy; (2) how to maximally extend the driving-range of electric vehicles (EVs) and prolong the service life of batteries; (3) how to satisfy the energy requirements of the EVs both in steady and dynamic state. The electrochemical double-layer capacitors, also called ultra-capacitors (UCs), have the merits of high energy density and instantaneous power output capability, and are usually combined with power battery packs to form a hybrid power supply system (HPSS). The power circuit topology of the HPSS has been illustrated in this paper. In the proposed HPSS, all the UCs are in series, which may cause an imbalanced voltage distribution of each unit, moreover, the energy allocation between the batteries and UCs should also be considered. An energy-management scheme to solve this problem has been presented. Moreover, due to the parameter variations caused by temperature changes and produced errors, the modelling procedure of the HPSS becomes very difficult, so an H∞ current controller is presented. The proposed hybrid power source circuit is implemented on a laboratory hardware setup using a digital signal processor (DSP). Simulation and experimental results have been put forward to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the approach.

Design of a 60 T Dual-Coil Quasi-Continuous Magnetic Field System With a Hybrid Power Supply

This paper proposed a hybrid power supply system for quasi-continuous high magnetic field systems at the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center. The hybrid power supply combines a battery power supply and a 12-pulse generator-rectifier power supply together. Based on the power supply, a 60 T dual-coil quasi-continuous magnet is presented. The inner coil and outer coil are powered by the battery power supply and the generator-rectifier power supply separately. Both coils are wound with soft copper wires reinforced by HS4-glass fiber. To verify the proposed design scheme, Matlab/Simulink and COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a are adopted to build the simulation models of the hybrid power supply system and the 60 T dual-coil magnet. Simulation results show that the proposed system has enough margins to achieve a 60 T/100 ms quasi-continuous field. Higher fields can be achieved without large changes when advanced conductors and fibers are adopted.

Simulation of Tracking Control Modeling of the Photovoltaic System with Maximum Power

This paper mainly studies the off grid wind solar hybrid power supply system based on the DC bus, a practical mathematical model, implemented in MATLAB software on the system modeling and simulation. Through controlling the light intensity, temperature and other environmental parameters, operating characteristics of the system, analysis of system output voltage (current), dynamic and steady-state output power parameters. On the basis of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) problem, and the maximum power point of PV power generation system tracking (MPPT) in-depth simulation experiments, using variable step perturbation and observation method, and the corresponding simulation model is established in MATLAB, changes in the environment variable parameters of the system can make timely adjustment re operation, in the vicinity of the maximum power point, and the work efficiency and the operating characteristics of the system through the analysis of the problem.

On-Chip Hybrid Power Supply System for Wireless Sensor Nodes

With the miniaturization of electronic devices, small-size but high-capacity power supply systems appear to be more and more important. A hybrid power source, which consists of a fuel cell (FC) and a rechargeable battery, has the advantages of long lifetime and good load-following capabilities. In this article, we propose the schematic of a hybrid power supply system that can be integrated on a chip compatible with present CMOS processes. For the on-chip, fuel-cell-based hybrid power system in wireless sensor node design, we propose a two steps optimization: (1) dynamic power management (DPM), and (2) adaptive fuel cell optimal power point tracking (AOPPT). Simulation results demonstrate that the on-chip FC-Bat hybrid power system can be used for wireless sensor nodes under different usage scenarios. Our proposed DPM method can achieve 12.9% more energy savings than the method without DPM. Meanwhile, implementing our AOPPT approach can save about 17% energy compared with the fixed architecture for the fuel cell system. For an on-chip power system with 1cm 2 area consumption, the wafer-level battery can power a typical sensor node for only about five months, while our on-chip hybrid power system will supply the same sensor node for two years steadily.

Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Distributed Energy Resources

In this paper, an optimal energy management model of a solar photovoltaic-diesel-battery hybrid power supply system is presented. The aim is to meet the load demand completely while satisfying the system constraints. The model proposed minimizes fuel and battery wear costs, and finds the optimal power flow taking into account photovoltaic power availability, battery bank state of charge and load power demand. The results are compared for cases when the objectives are weighted equally and when a larger weight is assigned to battery wear. The results depict the optimal decisions considered in the presence of trade-offs between the two conflicting objectives.

Analysis of the possibilities of introducing autonomous hybrid power supply system into stand-alone residential building

Due to the dynamic development of power systems supplied with renewable energy sources, especially solar and wind energy objects, new possibilities have appeared in the aspects concerning applying such systems in passive houses and implementing them into existing buildings. Taking into account continuous increase in energy prices and the need of searching for the ecological energy sources it is necessary to develop the idea and elaborate technical projects using hybrid power systems as the way to create autonomous power supply system. (Analiza mozliwości wykorzystania hybrydowego autonomicznego systemu zasilania w budynku mieszkalnym). Slowa kluczowe: fotowoltaika, energia wiatrowa, zasilanie hybrydowe, energia sloneczna.

A Photovoltaic and Commercial Power Complementary Hybrid System for University Classroom Energy-Saving Lighting

A novel distributed photovoltaic power generation and commercial power complementary hybrid power supply system was designed and developed, and the proposed system applied to the lighting power supply system used in university classroom energy-saving lighting. Combined with intelligent control technologies, to realize the classroom energy-saving and LED efficient lighting, effectively reduce the lighting energy consumption in university campus. The proposed system can ensure efficient and reliable power supply for classroom lighting applications.The designed and developed experimental system verified the feasibility, reliability and superiority of the proposed system.

화학수소화합물을 이용한 소형 무인항공기용 연료전지 시스템 연구 - II. 경량 연료전지 추진 시스템

A 100 W fuel cell system using chemical storage method has been applied for a propulsion system of the SUAV(Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). A fuel cell and battery have been combined for both the small/light hydrogen generation control system and the hybrid power supply system. A small hydrogen generation device was implemented to utilize NaBH4 aqueous solution and dead-end type PEMFC system, which were evaluated on the ground and by the flight tests. The system pressurized at a 45kpa stably operates and get higher fuel efficiency. The pressure inside of the hydrogen generation control system was maintained at between 45 kPa and 55 kPa. The 100W fuel cell system satisfies the required weight and power consumption rate as well as the propulsion system, and the fuel cell system performance was demonstrated through flight test.

Research and Application of Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Supply System in Environmental Monitoring System

A wind-solar hybrid DC power supply system for small wireless sensor devices is introduced in this paper. The environmental monitoring system is selected as the application platform, and ARM microprocessor is selected as the control core. With the use of the multi-stage constant current technology, the battery life and charge efficiency are optimized. With the design of LCD module and RS232 interface in the system, the difficulty of the system debugging and maintenance are reduced while the flexibility of the system is increased. The experimental result shows that the most use of wind and solar energy is realized in this system.

Hybrid Power System Power Flow Analysis

Hybrid power supply system consists of a number of independent and different sources of electrical energy with different operating times during different seasons and with energy storage system. Deployment of a hybrid power system is expected in places outside the normal distribution network. For the further research and improvements it is necessary to know in detail the power flow from various sources to the load or to storage battery depending on different seasons. The paper presents data analysis results computed by application developed for detailed analysis of power flows within hybrid power system. Developed application analyses the data from the monitoring system. Data has been acquired and recorded within last year. This data is visualized as power flows in the individual hybrid power system circuits. Together with electrical power the effectiveness and performance parameters of rectifier and DC/AC converter are evaluated. The paper describes achieved results and needs for further improvements of such solution.

Design of a 60 T Quasi-continuous Magnetic Field System with a Hybrid Capacitor/Rectifier Power Supply

At the Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, a 135 MW rectifier power supply is being installed nearby a 11 MJ capacitor bank power supply. By combining the two power supplies, a 60 T / 100 ms quasi-continuous magnetic field can be achieved in a monolithic copper coil magnet with a 22 mm diameter bore. Comsol Multiphysics 3.5a and Matlab 7.11.0 were adopted to verify the performance of the magnet and the hybrid power supply system. Details of the designed magnet, the power supply and the simulation results are presented.

Application of Hybrid-Electric Power Supply System in Fishing Vessels

In a clear commitment for sustainability in the fisheries sector, Regional Administration for Economy and Industry of Xunta de Galicia and EnergyLab Technology Centre signed a cooperation agreement with the goal of performing a demonstration project based on the application of hybrid power supply systems in a fishing vessel. Such a project aims to analyze the feasibility of implementing hybridelectric powertrain systems in the Galician coastal fleet. The final purpose is the implementation of more efficient and environmental friendly propulsion systems within the marine industry. The project scope consists in defining a technical solution for the replacement of diesel propulsion system in a standard fishing vessel (12m. long), representative of the Galician inshore fleet, by a hybrid-electric system powered by three different types of energy sources.

Evaluation of different hybrid power scenarios to Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination units in isolated areas in Iraq

Hybrid systems utilizing renewable energy and conventional diesel generators are important sources for the supply of electricity to remote areas. To maximize the use of the renewable energy resource, the size and operation of the hybrid system components need to be matched to the load and the available renewable resources. The software (HybridRO), which is suitable for the examination of several types of power supply systems using renewable (solar and wind) and conventional energy sources for a Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination unit, was used to simulate the performance of a hybrid power supply system to provide the required power to an RO desalination plant. A small community in the south of Iraq is chosen in this study as an example of the small communities that depends on ground water for providing drinking and other essential water needs. The study concluded that the lowest water cost is 1.8 $/m 3 for RO unit powered by either a diesel generator or by a combination of diesel, wind, and solar power. Relying on renewable energy only increase the water cost to 2.3–2.4 $/m 3 depending on the source type. A significant reduction in the fuel burned occurred with the introduction of the renewable energy sources.

Electrical Characteristic Study of a Hybrid PEMFC and Ultracapacitor System

This paper presents the characteristic study of a clean hybrid power supply system combining proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as the main power source and ultracapacitor (UC) as the energy storage unit. Unlike the conventional fuel-cell hybrid system with power conditioning unit, the study investigated the electrical characteristic of the PEMFC and UC hybrid system without dc/dc converter. As a platform to evaluate the proposed system, the fuel-cell-based electric bicycle is implemented. The platform consists of PEMFC stack, metal hydride, thermal balance system, UC, dc motor, system control and data logging unit, as well as user interface. The test results showed that the proposed architecture is functional and leads to good results. By road testing, it was verified that the PEMFC can provide the rated power to the load and that the UC can deliver the power at system startup and the peak power if needed. The road testing results showed that the design objectives are fulfilled.