Hybrid Metal Halide Research Articles

Distinct Excitonic Emissions in 2D (C7 H7 N2 )2 PbX4 (X=Cl, Br) under Compression.

Two dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halides (HMHs) usually exhibit free excitonic (FE) emission, and self-trapped excitonic (STE) emission can also be achieved by adopting appropriate halogens and organic cations. Recently, significant efforts have been made to modulate and then clarify the transformation and connection between these two types of excitonic emissions in 2D HMHs. In this study, intriguing pressure-tuned transitions between FE emission and STE emission are observed in 2D (C7 H7 N2 )2 PbCl4 . In contrast, only FE emissions with tunable emission energies are observed in 2D (C7 H7 N2 )2 PbBr4 which possesses a similar structure with (C7 H7 N2 )2 PbCl4 under compression. Such distinct halide-dependent optical responses under pressure are experimentally revealed to arise from the intricate interplay among several factors in these HMHs, including the stiffness of the structure, the Coulomb force between the organic cations and the inorganic octahedra, and the magnitude of inorganic octahedral distortion. These high-pressure optical explorations can unravel the underlying interrelationship between the crystal structure and excitonic emission in 2D HMHs.

Organic hybrid tetranuclear clusteroluminogens: Blue-light-excitable LED with ultrahigh luminous efficacy

The development of highly emissive luminescent materials is vital for future light-emitting diodes, display, and scintillation applications. A series of novel organic hybrid metal halide clusters are presented here, that is, non-emission (C4H12N2)3(NH4)4Cd4Cl18 (namely, 1), pink-emission (C4H12N2)3(NH4)4Mn4Cl18 (namely, 2) and 1–2 alloy (namely, Mn-1). The crystal structure of alloy compound provides a clear insight into the Mn(II) effect. Mn(II) alloying in the host lattice successfully induces large octahedral distortion, hybrid of d/p orbitals and lower local symmetry resulting in a breaking d-d forbidden transition. The intense blue light absorption and high PLQY (92.6 %) inspire us to assemble Mn-1 as a blue-light-excited white light-emitting diode (WLED). The WLED has a minimized trade-off among luminous efficacy (182 lm/W), color-rendering index (82) and CCT (4536 K), which is achieved by the trichromatic combination (blue light chip, green (Ba, Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+, red Mn-1) and the red emission edge below 700 nm. The luminous efficacy of 182 lm/W is the highest among the previous WLEDs based on the lead-free metal halides, comparable to the market standard (185 lm/W) in 2020 set by The United States Department of Energy. In addition, the water-soluble Mn-1 further gives potential applications in X-ray scintillators, luminescent ceramics, flexible films and luminescent imaging agents. The discovery of tetranuclear metal halide clusters establishes a new strategy for constructing promising emissive materials.

Antimony-Triggered Tunable White Light Emission in Lead-Free Zero-Dimensional Indium Halide with Ultrastable CCT of White Light Emitting Diodes.

A highly efficient and easily tunable luminescence is significant for solid-state luminescent (SSL) materials. However, achieving a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) close to unity and tuning the emission remain challenging tasks. Metal doping strategies enable resolution of these issues. Herein, we report the preparation of a novel organic-inorganic lead-free indium-based metal halide hybrid (MP)3InCl6•EtOH (MP = C4H10ON) with a typical zero-dimension structure. When excited at 320 nm, (MP)3InCl6•EtOH exhibits a dual emission band at 420 and 600 nm, which originates from the organic cation [MP] and the [InCl6]3- octahedral unit. The photoluminescence can be significantly enhanced through Sb3+ doping, resulting in an increase in PLQY from 0.78% to near unity. Multiple emission color tunings have been achieved by regulating the Sb doping level and the radiation wavelength, resulting in a change in emission color from blue → white → orange. Optical characterizations reveal that the significantly enhanced emission centered at 600 nm can be attributed to more efficient absorption, closely associated with an additional 1S0 → 3P1 transition in the inorganic octahedron [In(Sb)Cl6]3- due to Sb3+ doping. With its excellent optical performance, a white light emitting diode (WLED) has been successfully fabricated by coating the mixture of (MP)3InCl6•EtOH:15%Sb3+ with blue phosphor BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ onto a UV LED chip. The WLED device exhibits perfect white light emission with regard to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates of (0.36, 0.34). Significantly, the WLED device maintains a stable correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 4119-4393 K and CIE coordinates (x: 0.37-0.34, y: 0.35-0.33) as the driven current varies from 20 to 200 mA, demonstrating outstanding stability across different power levels. This work not only presents a novel system for achieving remarkably enhanced luminescent performance and tuning emission bands in 0D metal halides but also represents a significant step toward achieving resistance to color drifting for stable WLEDs.

The effect of different halogen atoms on the rigid and energy transfer of organic cations

Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) have become an emerging class of light-emitting materials. Two zero-dimensional (0D) lead-free organic (EnrofloH2)4Mn3X12 (X = Cl, Br) has been reported in this work. Upon 338 and 340 nm excitation, (EnrofloH2)4Mn3Cl12·2Cl and (EnrofloH2)4Mn3Br12·2Br exhibit emission peaking at 460, 514 nm and 460, 520 nm respectively. It was noticed that the choice of the halide could profoundly govern the luminescent subjects (ENR or Mn2+) through the altered energy transfer. Different halogens could influence the rigidity of ENR organic cations by changing their stacking patterns and band gaps, thus manipulating their luminescent properties. The bandgap behaviors have been revealed by density functional theory calculations. Based on the results, the emission of both compounds come from organic cations (EnrofloH22+) and 4D-6A1 transition of Mn2+ ions. The spectral interplay of these emission bands is governed by the temperature and the possibility of exchanging mechanisms between two emission centers.

The Scale Effects of Organometal Halide Perovskites.

Organometal halide perovskites have achieved great success in solution-processed photovoltaics. The explorations quickly expanded into other optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. An in-depth analysis of the special scale effects is essential to understand the working mechanisms of devices and optimize the materials towards an enhanced performance. Generally speaking, organometal halide perovskites can be classified in two ways. By controlling the morphological dimensionality, 2D perovskite nanoplatelets, 1D perovskite nanowires, and 0D perovskite quantum dots have been studied. Using appropriate organic and inorganic components, low-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids with 2D, quasi-2D, 1D, and 0D structures at the molecular level have been developed and studied. This provides opportunities to investigate the scale-dependent properties. Here, we present the progress on the characteristics of scale effects in organometal halide perovskites in these two classifications, with a focus on carrier diffusion, excitonic features, and defect properties.

Structural diversity and photoluminescence enhancement of indium-based hybrid metal halides

Low-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halides have attracted increasing attention for their diverse structure and excellent photoelectric properties. Here, we report two zero-dimensional indium-based halides, (C3H12N2)3In2Cl12·2 H2O ([C3H12N2]2+ is N-methylethylenediamine cation) with space group of P-1 and (C3H12N2)2InCl7 with space group of P21/c. Upon UV excitation, 1 %Sb doped (C3H12N2)3In2Cl12·2 H2O exhibits luminescence centering at 588 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 149 nm (0.527 eV), as well as a large Stokes shift of 262 nm (1.69 eV) with photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 56 %. The broad emission originates from the electron transitions of the Sb3+ 5s2 lone pair. 1 %Sb doped (C3H12N2)3In2Cl12·2 H2O exhibits more intense, broader emission and larger Stokes shift than that of 1 %Sb doped (C3H12N2)2InCl7 which is due to that the crystalline water increases the hydrogen bonding and leading to more distorted [SbCl6]3- octahedra. This work unveiled the relationship between structure and photoluminescence properties, and provide new types of organic-inorganic metal halides for potential application in light-emitting diodes.

Preliminary exploration of the influence of N+/NHx+ ions/groups bombardment at TiO2 ETLs on performance of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells

The service stability of organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is one of most important factors, which is seriously influenced by the decomposition of perovskite layer. Especially, the decomposition of perovskite layer could deteriorate the interface between perovskite layer and TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL). In this work, TiO2 ETLs are prepared by the sputtering technique and traditional spin-coating technique. Then, TiO2 ETLs are bombarded by N+/NHx+ ions/groups. PSCs with all TiO2 ETLs are prepared and measured. The results show that after bombardment, N+/NHx+ ions/groups could chemically react with Ti/O ions at surface of TiO2 ETLs. As a result, the conduction band minimum and transfer resistance of TiO2 ETLs both deteriorate, which decrease the power conversion efficiency of PSCs seriously. While, because anatase TiO2 (001) crystal face consists of saturated O/Ti ions and displays the highest surface free energy, TiO2 ETLs with anatase (001) preferred orientation displays the optimal restraint on deterioration of power conversion efficiency caused by N+/NHx+ ions/groups bombardment. Based on above results, TiO2 ETLs with anatase (001) preferred orientation should be the optimal one for PSCs, which could improve the service stability obviously.

Role of Hydrogen Bonding on the Design of New Hybrid Perovskites Unraveled by Machine Learning.

Selecting a set of reactants to accurately design a new low dimensional hybrid perovskite could greatly accelerate the discovery of materials with great potential in photovoltaics, or solid-state lighting. However, this design is challenging as most hybrid metal halides are not perovskites and no feature is clearly associated to the structural characteristics of the inorganic metal halide network. This work first demonstrates that the organic molecules are key parameters to determine the structure type of the inorganic network (i.e., perovskite versus non-perovskite). Then, machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to identify the key features of the organic cations leading to the perovskite structure type. Using a large dataset of hybrid metal halides, this work extracts the organic molecules of all hybrid lead halide compounds, calculates 2756 molecular descriptors and fingerprints for each of these molecules, and are able to predict through ML techniques if a specific organic amine will lead to the perovskite type with an accuracy up to 88.65%. Descriptors related to hydrogen bonding are identified as important features. Thus, a simple but reliable design principle could be demonstrated: the presence of primary ammonium cation is the primary condition to prepare hybrid lead halide perovskites regardless of their dimensionalities.

Perovskite-Solar-Cell-Powered Integrated Fuel Conversion and Energy-Storage Devices.

Metal halide hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received considerable attention over the past decade owing to their potential for low-cost, solution-processable, earth-abundant, and high-performance superiority, increasing power conversion efficiencies of up to 25.7%. Solar energy conversion into electricity is highly efficient and sustainable, but direct utilization, storage, and poor energy diversity are difficult to achieve, resulting in a potential waste of resources. Considering its convenience and feasibility, converting solar energy into chemical fuels is regarded as a promising pathway for boosting energy diversity and expanding its utilization. In addition, the energy conversion-storage integrated system can efficiently sequentially capture, convert, and store energy in electrochemical energy storage devices. However, a comprehensive overview focusing on PSC-self-driven integrated devices with a discussion of their development and limitations remains lacking. Here, focus is on the development of representative configurations of emerging PSC-based photo-electrochemical devices including self-charging power packs, unassisted solar water splitting/CO2 reduction. The advanced progresses in this field, including configuration design, key parameters, working principles, integration strategies, electrode materials, and their performance evaluations are also summarized. Finally, scientific challenges and future perspectives for ongoing research in this field are presented.

Water-Molecule-Induced Reversible Fluorescence in a One-Dimensional Mn-Based Hybrid Halide for Anticounterfeiting and Digital Encryption-Decryption.

Hybrid metal halides with reversible transformation of structure and luminescence properties have attracted significant attention in anticounterfeiting. However, their long transition time and slow response rate may hinder the rapid identification of confidential information. Here, a one-dimensional hybrid manganese-based halide, i.e., (C5H11N3)MnCl2Br2·H2O, is prepared and demonstrates the phenomenon of water-molecule-induced reversible photoluminescence transformation. Heating for <40 s induces a dynamic transfer of red-emissive (C5H11N3)MnCl2Br2·H2O to green-emissive (C5H11N3)MnCl2Br2. In addition, the green emission can gradually revert to red emission during a cooling process in a moist environment, demonstrating excellent reversibility. It is found that the water molecule acts as an external stimulus to realize the reversible transition between red and green emission, which also exhibits remarkable stability during repeated cycles. Furthermore, with the assistance of heating and cooling, a complex digital encryption-decryption and an optical "AND" logical gate are achieved, facilitating the development of anticounterfeiting information security.

Chiral induction and Sb3+ doping in indium halides to trigger second harmonic generation and circularly polarized luminescence

Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (HMHs) have attracted extensive attention as promising multifunctional materials by virtue of their structural diversity and tunable photophysical properties. However, it remains a challenge to design HMHs with specific functions on demand. Herein, by introducing R/S-methylbenzylamine (R/S-MBA) and doping Sb3+, we have achieved both second harmonic generation (SHG) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties in lead-free indium halides. The introduction of chiral organic cations can break the symmetry and induce the indium halides to crystallize in the chiral space group. The Sb3+ with ns2 electronic configuration can serve as the dopants to promote the formation of self-trapped excitons, so as to activate highly efficient luminescence. As a result, the as-prepared Sb3+ doped (R/S-MBA)3InCl6 show not only SHG responses but also CPL signals with luminescence dissymmetry factor of −5.3 × 10−3 and 4.7 × 10−3. This work provides a new inspiration for the exploitation of chiral multifunctional materials.

Chiral Hybrid Germanium(II) Halide with Strong Nonlinear Chiroptical Properties.

Due to the pronounced anisotropic response to circularly polarized light, chiral hybrid organic-inorganic metal halides have been regarded as promising candidates for the application in nonlinear chiroptics, especially for the second-harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG-CD) effect. However, designing novel lead-free chiral hybrid metal halides with large anisotropy factors and high laser-induced damage thresholds (LDT) of SHG-CD remains challenging. Herein, we develop the first chiral hybrid germanium halide, (R/S-NEA)3 Ge2 I7 ⋅H2 O (R/S-NGI), and systematically investigated its linear and nonlinear chiroptical properties. S-NGI and R-NGI exhibit large anisotropy factors (gSHG-CD ) of 0.45 and 0.48, respectively, along with a high LDT of 38.46 GW/cm2 ; these anisotropy factors were the highest values among the reported lead-free chiral hybrid metal halides. Moreover, the effective second-order nonlinear optical coefficient of S-NGI could reach up to 0.86 pm/V, which was 2.9 times higher than that of commercial Y-cut quartz. Our findings facilitate a new avenue toward lead-free chiral hybrid metal halides, and their implementation in nonlinear chiroptical applications.

Chiral Hybrid Germanium(II) Halide with Strong Nonlinear Chiroptical Properties

AbstractDue to the pronounced anisotropic response to circularly polarized light, chiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides have been regarded as promising candidates for the application in nonlinear chiroptics, especially for the second‐harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG‐CD) effect. However, designing novel lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides with large anisotropy factors and high laser‐induced damage thresholds (LDT) of SHG‐CD remains challenging. Herein, we develop the first chiral hybrid germanium halide, (R/S‐NEA)3Ge2I7⋅H2O (R/S‐NGI), and systematically investigated its linear and nonlinear chiroptical properties. S‐NGI and R‐NGI exhibit large anisotropy factors (gSHG‐CD) of 0.45 and 0.48, respectively, along with a high LDT of 38.46 GW/cm2; these anisotropy factors were the highest values among the reported lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides. Moreover, the effective second‐order nonlinear optical coefficient of S‐NGI could reach up to 0.86 pm/V, which was 2.9 times higher than that of commercial Y‐cut quartz. Our findings facilitate a new avenue toward lead‐free chiral hybrid metal halides, and their implementation in nonlinear chiroptical applications.

One-Year Water-Stable and Porous Bi(III) Halide Semiconductor with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Performance.

Hybrid metal halide semiconductors are a unique family of materials with immense potential for numerous applications. For this to materialize, environmental stability and toxicity deficiencies must be simultaneously addressed. We report here a porous, visible light semiconductor, namely, (DHS)Bi2I8 (DHS = [2.2.2] cryptand), which consists of nontoxic, earth-abundant elements, and is water-stable for more than a year. Gas- and vapor-sorption studies revealed that it can selectively and reversibly adsorb H2O and D2O at room temperature (RT) while remaining impervious to N2 and CO2. Solid-state NMR measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified the incorporation of H2O and D2O in the molecular cages, validating the porous nature. In addition to porosity, the material exhibits broad band-edge light emission centered at 600 nm with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 99 nm, which is maintained after 6 months of immersion in H2O. Moreover, (DHS)Bi2I8 exhibits bacteriocidal action against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. This performance, coupled with the recorded water stability and porous nature, renders it suitable for a plethora of applications, from solid-state batteries to water purification and disinfection.

Large Phase-Transition Temperature Enhancement Achieved in a Layered Lead Iodide Hybrid Crystal by H/F Substitution.

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides with structural flexibility and solution processability have been widely investigated for different application scenarios. However, the effective construction of phase-transition materials with a high phase-transition temperature (Ttr) for potential practical applications remains a great challenge, and reports on the regulation of Ttr with significant enhancement have been rare. In this manuscript, we have realized a large Ttr increase of 148 K in a layered hybrid lead iodide crystal (4-FTMBA)4Pb3I10 (4-FTMBA = 4-fluoro-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium) by the H/F substitution strategy. Compared to the parent (TMBA)4Pb3I10 (TMBA = N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium), H/F substitution preserves the structural framework and crystal symmetry in (4-FTMBA)4Pb3I10. The introduction of heavier fluorine will significantly increase the motion barrier for the order-disorder transition, resulting in the remarkably improved Ttr. Temperature-dependent crystal structures, Raman spectra, and dielectric analyses well support the phase-transition behavior. In addition, evident thermochromism with a tunable direct band gap in (4-FTMBA)4Pb3I10 has been observed using UV-vis spectra. To the best of our knowledge, the achieved Ttr enhancement of 148 K by H/F substitution is the highest among the organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide phase-transition materials. This finding would greatly inspire the rational design of functional materials with high performance.

Regulating Exciton Diffusion in Antimony‐Based Perovskite‐Like Single Crystals toward Highly Efficient and Stable Luminescence

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite has played an important role in optoelectronics and photonics due to their extremely high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, considering the strong nonmetallic property of antimony (Sb), the excitons in antimony‐based single crystals are usually dissipated in the form of non‐radiative recombination under organic‐inductive effect, which leads to the low PLQY. Herein, two kinds of perovskite‐like single crystals, i.e., (8‐HQ)2SbCl3 and (8‐HQH)SbCl4, are innovatively grown. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique luminescence characteristics are associated with the inductive effect of organic coordination and exciton effect in the metal octahedral skeleton. When Cl− replaces the organic ligand in (8‐HQ)2SbCl3, the inductive effect is reduced while the self‐trapped exciton effect in the metal octahedron is enhanced. Besides, the theoretical research on electron transmission in a modeling device reveals that the hydrogen bond of organic A‐site in the single crystal promotes the transition of electrons. Based on the luminescent properties of (8‐HQH)SbCl4, the white LED devices are obtained by coating (8‐HQH)SbCl4 and red phosphor on 450 nm LED chips.

A Team for the Development and Characterization of Next‐Generation Hybrid Semiconductors

AbstractThis invited Team Profile was created by the Spanopoulos group, University of South Florida, Tampa (USA), the Guo group, Yale University, West Haven (USA), the Trikalitis group, University of Crete, Heraklion (Greece), the Zimbouche group, Lancaster University, Lancaster (UK), and the Reddy group, University of Lille, Lille (France). They recently published an article on the development of a new family of hybrid semiconductors, namely porous metal halide semiconductors (PMHS). The first member of this series was characterized by using a battery of techniques, shedding light on the corresponding structure–property relationships and its unparalleled water stability. This work provides a solution to address the stability deficiency of metal halide semiconductors and render them suitable for yet unexplored applications, such as solid‐state batteries, photonic crystals, sensing and environmental remediation: “Porous and Water Stable 2D Hybrid Metal Halide with Broad Light Emission and Selective H2O Vapor Sorption”, A. Azmy, S. Li, G. K. Angeli, C. Welton, P. Raval, M. Li, N. Zibouche, L. Wojtas, G. N. M. Reddy, P. Guo, P. N. Trikalitis, I. Spanopoulos, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2023, 62, e202218429.

A Team for the Development and Characterization of Next-Generation Hybrid Semiconductors.

This invited Team Profile was created by the Spanopoulos group, University of South Florida, Tampa (USA), the Guo group, Yale University, West Haven (USA), the Trikalitis group, University of Crete, Heraklion (Greece), the Zimbouche group, Lancaster University, Lancaster (UK), and the Reddy group, University of Lille, Lille (France). They recently published an article on the development of a new family of hybrid semiconductors, namely porous metal halide semiconductors (PMHS). The first member of this series was characterized by using a battery of techniques, shedding light on the corresponding structure-property relationships and its unparalleled water stability. This work provides a solution to address the stability deficiency of metal halide semiconductors and render them suitable for yet unexplored applications, such as solid-state batteries, photonic crystals, sensing and environmental remediation: "Porous and Water Stable 2D Hybrid Metal Halide with Broad Light Emission and Selective H2 O Vapor Sorption", A. Azmy, S. Li, G. K. Angeli, C. Welton, P. Raval, M. Li, N. Zibouche, L. Wojtas, G. N. M. Reddy, P. Guo, P. N. Trikalitis, I. Spanopoulos, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 2023, 62, e202218429.

Integrating Achiral and Chiral Organic Ligands in Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halides to Boost Circularly Polarized Luminescence

AbstractChiral zero‐dimensional hybrid metal halides (0D HMHs) could combine excellent optical properties and chirality, making them promising for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, chiral 0D HMHs with efficient CPL have been rarely reported. Here, we propose an efficient strategy to achieve simultaneously high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and large dissymmetry factor (glum), by integrating achiral and chiral ligands into 0D HMHs. Specifically, three pairs of chiral 0D hybrid indium‐antimony chlorides are synthesized by combing achiral guanidine with three types of chiral methylbenzylammonium‐based derivatives as the organic cations. These chiral 0D HMHs exhibit near‐unity PLQY and large glum values up to around ±1×10−2. The achiral guanidine ligand is not only essential to crystallize these hybrid indium‐antimony chlorides to achieve near‐unity PLQYs, but also greatly enhances the chirality induction from organic ligands to inorganic units in these 0D HMHs. Furthermore, the choice of different chiral ligands can modify the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions in these 0D HMHs, to maximize their glum values. Overall, this study provides a robust way to realize efficient CPL in chiral HMHs, expanding their applications in chiroptical fields.

Integrating Achiral and Chiral Organic Ligands in Zero-Dimensional Hybrid Metal Halides to Boost Circularly Polarized Luminescence.

Chiral zero-dimensional hybrid metal halides (0D HMHs) could combine excellent optical properties and chirality, making them promising for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, chiral 0D HMHs with efficient CPL have been rarely reported. Here, we propose an efficient strategy to achieve simultaneously high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and large dissymmetry factor (glum ), by integrating achiral and chiral ligands into 0D HMHs. Specifically, three pairs of chiral 0D hybrid indium-antimony chlorides are synthesized by combing achiral guanidine with three types of chiral methylbenzylammonium-based derivatives as the organic cations. These chiral 0D HMHs exhibit near-unity PLQY and large glum values up to around ±1×10-2 . The achiral guanidine ligand is not only essential to crystallize these hybrid indium-antimony chlorides to achieve near-unity PLQYs, but also greatly enhances the chirality induction from organic ligands to inorganic units in these 0D HMHs. Furthermore, the choice of different chiral ligands can modify the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions in these 0D HMHs, to maximize their glum values. Overall, this study provides a robust way to realize efficient CPL in chiral HMHs, expanding their applications in chiroptical fields.