Humoral Immune Factors Research Articles

Властивості сироватки крові імунізованих перепелів

Our work is devoted to the study of the immune response of the quail to two strains of antigens. We used gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The choice of these types of pathogens is dictated by several reasons. Pathogenic strains of these microorganisms often cause poultry diseases, they are widespread in the environment, are representatives of the normal microflora of animals, belong to two different microorganism groups according to the Gram staining. The state of the immune system (immune status) changes under the influence of many factors, including during immunization. There are various methods for the study of humoral factors of immunity. When studying non-specific immunity factors, they use the method of determining the bactericidal activity of blood plasma. The main specific humoral factor is antibodies of various classes. There are methods to detect and determin the amount of antibodies in plasma or serum. These are agglutination, precipitation, neutralization and other serological reactions. The detection of antibodies is the most informative method of assessing immunity. Therefore, serological reactions are widely used to assess the quality of the immune response to vaccines. The objective of the study was to carry out hyperimmunization of quail with two types of bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) and to study the nature of changes in humoral immunity factors. A suspension of inactivated bacteria was administered intramuscularly four times with an interval of 7 days. To study the immune response, we used the agglutination reaction on glass, which allowed us to identify antibodies and determine their titer. The second indicator is the change in the bactericidal properties of blood plasma as a result of immunization of quail. Most often, the agglutination reaction on glass is used only to detect antibodies. According to the results of our studies, this reaction also allows you to determine the amount of immunoglobulins. The number of antibodies in non-immune birds did not exceed 3log2. After hyperimmunization, the number of antibodies increased. In reaction with Escherichia coli, antibody titers reached to 8 log2, and with staphylococcus - 9 log2. Studies of the bactericidal activity of quail blood plasma gave similar results. We incubated the studied blood plasma and culture of microorganisms at a temperature of + 37° C, and then the mixture was ulated on solid nutrient media. The result was taken into account by the presence of bacterial growth on the agar surface. The blood plasma of a non-immune bird did not cause the destruction of bacteria. Blood plasma obtained from an immunized bird completely lysed Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli almost completely. Our results indicate a intensive immune response of the quail organism to bacterial antigens.

Cellular and hum oral immunity factors of animals vaccinated against the background of acute poisoning with dichloropropaphosomes

Cellular and hum oral immunity factors of animals vaccinated against the background of acute poisoning with dichloropropaphosomes

IMMUNE STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH FRONTAL BASILAR TRAUMA HAVING BC “SYNTEKOST” APPLIED IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT. REPORT 1. THE STATE OF THE SYSTEMIC CELLULAR AND HUMORAL IMMUNITY FACTORS OF PATIENTS WITH FRONTAL BASILAR TRAUMA IN THE ACUTE POSTTRAUMATIC PERIOD PRIOR TO SURGICAL TREATMENT

Introduction: At present biocomposite materials are used in the surgical treatment of frontal bone fracture. They improve osteogenesis, reduce the number of complications. Immunologic aspects of application of these materials are studied insufficiently, therefore this report presents the results of immunoassay of patients with frontal bone fracture in the proximate posttraumatic period before implanting preparation "Syntekost". The aim: To define the role of immune mechanisms in the realization of the biocomposite material's positive influence on the development of effective posstraumatic rehabilitation schemes. Materials and methods: 16 patients with frontal bone fracture (FBF) were examined on admission to the Otolaryngology Clinics of Vinnitsa Region Hospital. Additionally, 10 patients of the similar age were examined as a control group. The content of cells with markers of surface antigens-CD3,14,16,20,25, concentration of immunoglobulins of classes M,G,A,E, С4 complement component and lactoferrin was determined in blood. Immunoenzyme methods were applied. Nonparametric Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney test, computer programme WIN Pepi were used for statistical measurements. Results: A decrease in the level of IgM in comparison with practically healthy donors and an increase in the concentration of lactoferrin were identified as humoral immunity factors of patients with frontal basilar trauma. The most significant deviation in the peripheral blood cellular makeup in CD-markers was an increase in cells with markers CD14 and CD16. Conclusions: The level of cells and prodefensin-lactoferrin that maintain inborn immunity increases and the concentration of coarse defensive protein decreases in the initial period after frontal bone fracture, which must be taken into consideration during post-surgical treatment.

INVESTIGATION OF PREBIOTIC, IMMUNOSTIMULATING PROPERTIES OF FUCOSE AND ITS EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION

Aim. Investigation of the effect of fucose in the diet on the gastrointestinal microflora of experimental animals with experimental dysbiosis, the humoral factors of nonspecific immunity, as well as the degree of fucosylation of oocytes and the proportion of oocytes that can be fertilized. Materials and methods. Prebiotic properties of fucose were studied by analyzing the luminal microflora of experimental mice against the background of experimental dysbiosis. Investigation of factors of nonspecific immunity was carried out after immunization of mice according to the level of antibody formation in blood serum by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The degree of fucosylation of oocytes was assessed by the intensity of their luminescence upon microscopy of oocytes of experimental mice on a fluorescent microscope. Results. The use of fucose in all tested doses led to the restoration of the composition and quantity of the gastrointestinal microflora. For the correction of dysbiosis, the optimal concentration of fucose was 0.02% of the body weight of the experimental animals. Inclusion of fucose in a diet of experimental animals in the amount of 0.008% to the body weight provided the highest level of immune response. The degree of fucosylation of oocytes, the proportion of oocytes capable of fertilization was increased when fucose were introduced in the amount of 0.008% to the body weight of the mice. Conclusion. Bifidogenic and lactogenic activity of fucose is established. The ability of fucose to stimulate an increase in the level of antibodies in in blood serum is shown. The tendency of positive effect of fucose in the diet of mice on the degree of fucosylation of oocytes was revealed.

Hematopoietic tissue of Macrobrachium rosenbergii plays dual roles as a source of hemocyte hematopoiesis and as a defensive mechanism against Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus infection

White tail disease caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) infection takes place only in nauplii, not adults, of M. rosenbergii prawn. Hemocyte homeostasis and immune-related functions derived from the hematopoietic tissue (Hpt) in adult prawn are presumed to play roles in resisting viral infection. To elucidate the role of the Hpt cell response to MrNV, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed with MrNV-infected prawn at various time intervals. The results showed that there were 462 unigenes that were differentially expressed between mock and infected samples. BlastX sequence analysis revealed that two proteins, crustacean hematopoietic factor (CHF) and cell growth-regulating zinc finger protein (Lyar), are involved in hemocyte hematopoiesis and are up-regulated during MrNV infection. In fact, genes involved in cell growth regulation and immunity were highly expressed at 6 h and decreased within 24 h post-infection. Localization studies in the Hpt tissue revealed the presence of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and CHF mRNAs in Hpt cells. Considering these findings, we concluded that resistance to MrNV infection in adult prawn is due to an increase in humoral immune factors and the acceleration of hemocyte homeostasis by the dual roles of the Hpt organ in M. rosenbergii.

Association of Diverse Genotypes and Phenotypes of Immune Cells and Immunoglobulins With the Course of HIV-1 Infection.

Disease progression among HIV-1–infected individuals varies widely, but the mechanisms underlying this variability remains unknown. Distinct disease outcomes are the consequences of many factors working in concert, including innate and adaptive immune responses, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and both genetic and phenotypic factors. Current data suggest that these multifaceted aspects in infected individuals should be considered as a whole, rather than as separate unique elements, and that analyses must be performed in greater detail in order to meet the requirements of personalized medicine and guide optimal vaccine design. However, the wide adoption of antiretroviral therapy (ART) influences the implementation of systematic analyses of the HIV-1–infected population. Consequently, fewer data will be available for acquisition in the future, preventing the comprehensive investigations required to elucidate the underpinnings of variability in disease outcome. This review seeks to recapitulate the distinct genotypic and phenotypic features of the immune system, focusing in particular on comparing the surface proteins of immune cells among individuals with different HIV infection outcomes.

Immunomodulatory effects of chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) against experimental Shewanella marisflavi AP629 infections in sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus)

Skin ulceration syndrome in sea cucumbers is an infectious bacterial disease with fast and high mortality. This study investigated the protection of chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) on skin ulcer syndrome in sea cucumbers induced by intraperitoneally injecting Shewanella marisflavi AP629. Inactivated whole S. marisflavi AP629 cells were used as an immunogen to immunize laying hens. The highest titer of the obtained specific IgY by ELISA was 1:90000. Specific IgY significantly inhibited the growth of S. marisflavi AP629 in a liquid medium, dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg/mL. Results obtained from scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that specific IgY could make bacteria agglutinate and damage the cell membrane of S. marisflavi AP629, resulting in a decrease of bacterial viability. Sea cucumbers treated with 25, 5, and 1 mg/mL anti-S. marisflavi AP629 IgY could achieve survival rates of 77.5%, 50%, and 22.5% at day 12 when the infection and injection therapy were carried out at the same time, respectively. However, survival rates of sea cucumbers treated with 25 mg/mL of nonspecific IgY were only 7.5% at day 12. All sea cucumbers in the positive control group died within twelve days after bacterial inoculation. Levels of the five humoral immune factors (LYZ, ACP, NOS, SOD, CAT) released by coelomocytes were significantly increased in the specific IgY group compared to the nonspecific IgY and positive control groups within 12 h. However, the activities of LYZ, ACP, and SOD decreased rapidly at the 48 h time point in the specific IgY group, indicating that specific IgY treatment could shorten the time needed to restore balance in sea cucumber immune systems. Oral prophylaxis with egg yolk powders was that all sea cucumbers were challenged with 4.2 × 106 CFU S. marisflavi AP629 by intraperitoneal injection after 60 days of feeding. Survival rates of diets containing 10%, 5%, and 1% specific egg yolk powder were 57.5%, 52.5%, and 30% by day 12, respectively, and the survival rate was 27.5% for the nonspecific group and 22.5% for the positive control group. After feeding for 60 days, enzyme activities of LZY, NOS, and SOD were all significantly enhanced in sea cucumbers fed with specific egg yolk powder when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that the phagocytic activities of coelomocytes were significantly stimulated after specific IgY treatment over that of nonspecific IgY or without IgY treatments in sea cucumbers (p < 0.05). Overall, our results revealed that anti-S. marisflavi AP629 IgY has a positive immunomodulatory effect on sea cucumbers infected with S. marisflavi AP629.

PO-257 The immunoreactivity of patients with cervical cancer on the background of extracorporeal immunopharmacotherapy (EIPHT)

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to study the state of cellular and humoral factors of immunity of cervical cancer patients on the background of using extracorporeal immunopharmacotherapy.Material and methods136 patients with cervical cancer T2-3N0-1M0 stages. With cervical cancer IIA, the stage of the disease was observed in 18.7% of cases, IIB - in 20.9%, IIIA - in 16.0% and IIIB stage - in 44.4% of cases. The largest part of the patients was female cervical cancer at stage IIIB. Depending on the methods of therapy in the complex treatment: group 1–36 patients with cervical cancer before treatment; 46 patients with cervical cancer who received EIPHT with thymalin; group 3–54 patients with cervical cancer who did not receive EIPHT. Also 34 persons of the control group with normative values. The study of the immune system was carried out at the admission of patients to the hospital before the immunotherapy course and immediately a few days before discharge from the hospital. All patients with cervical cancer received standard polychemotherapy according to the protocol of the department, a complex treatment including a two-stage combined radiation therapy. Immunological studies included the study of cellular and humoral parameters of the immune system of patients with cervical cancer. The EIPHT method was designed primarily to reduce toxic effects after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as improve the overall condition after chemotherapy and radiation therapy.Results and discussionsThe analysis showed that patients with cervical cancer was found a T-cell immunodeficiency, which was associated with CD4+ - deficiency against the background of an increase in CD8 +and increased activation of lymphocytes with the predominance of apoptosis of immunocompetent cells. After carrying out EIPHT with thymalin, activation of the T-cell link of immunity is observed. The revealed imbalance of the humoral link of immunity before and after polychemotherapy and radiotherapy was associated with an imbalance of the main serum immunoglobulins and an elevated CIC level of small and large values. Against the background of the use of EIPHT with thymalin, normalisation of humoral factors of immunity and activation markers of lymphocytes is observed.ConclusionThus, the method of EIPHT in our case turned out to be promising in the treatment of cervical cancer due to the possibility of removing the effects of cancer and chemoradiation intoxication, as well as activating its own system of antitumor protection of the organism.

Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p&lt;0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.

Cross- immunity of a H9N2 live attenuated influenza vaccine against H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in chickens

The most commonly utilized inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) are usually deficient in cross immunity against divergent viruses. On the other hand, live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are proved to be more effective in cross-protective immunity. We previously developed a H9N2 LAIV and verified its effective protection against a broad spectrum of H9N2 strains. In the present study, we evaluated its cross-immunity against H5N2 virus, a representative subtype of currently predominant H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. All chickens vaccinated with this LAIV survived from challenge of H5N2 virus in a lethal dose, and viral proliferation was effectively inhibited, as well as pathological lesions. Vaccination of this LAIV significantly activated H5N2-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lungs. These LAIV-activated cross-reactive T cells expanded robustly following H5N2 exposure, and the increasing tendency was temporally correlated with viral clearance. Besides cellular immunity, factors of humoral immunity also play a contributing role in cross-immunity. Passively transferring H9N2 LAIV anti-serum resulted in 100% survival rate to chickens against H5N2 virus. Within components of the anti-serum, cross-binding IgGs against nucleoprotein (NP) of H5N2 virus were found of a contributing role in the cross immunity. These results indicate that this H9N2 LAIV represents a promising strategy for controlling highly pathogenic H5N2 virus in chickens. The cross immunity was partly attributed to LAIV activated H5N2-cross-reactive T cells and partly attributed to cross-binding IgGs against NP.

Studying Cell-like and Humoral Factors of Immunity and the Definition of Immune Status in Sheltopusik Lizards (Pseudopus apodus) with the Helminthiasis Caused By Entomelas Sp. Nematodes

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Humoral factors of immunity depending on the skill levels of athletes

Humoral factors of immunity depending on the skill levels of athletes

Immune alterations and endothelial dysfunction in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome comorbid with hypertension

A complete physical examination of 145 patients with various forms of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and 30 patients of control group was performed in order to solve the aims and objectives of the research. The HAVS forms included 1st stage HAVS associated with local vibration, 2nd stage HAVS associated with local vibration, 2nd stage HAVS associated with local vibration comorbid with hypertension, 1st stage HAVS associated with general vibration, 2nd stage HAVS associated with general vibration, 2nd stage HAVS associated with general vibration comorbid with hypertension. It was observed that endothelial dysfunction in HAVS, especially when comorbid with hypertension, is accompanied by immune alterations such as humoral immunity factors and cytokines imbalance and is characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine levels increase (IL -1β, IL -8, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine level decrease (IL-4) from exposure to production vibration regardless of its type especially when comorbid with hypertension. It is proven that in isolated HAVS associated with local or general vibration, especially when comorbid with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction is characterized by increase of endothelin-1 serum level and growth factors such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor А (VEGF-A) increase. Increase of endothelin-1 serum level in patients with HAVS is associated with hemostatic alterations such as platelet-derived growth factor ВВ (PDGF-BB), fibronectin, and Willebrand factor increase.

Probiotic Lactobacterin-Tk2 Therapeutic and Prophylactic Efficiency

Annotation. The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of the “Lactobacterin-TK2” probiotic for correction of clinical and microbiological changes in diarrhea of calves under farming conditions has been studied. The therapeutic efficacy showed that the drug product results in complete recovery. Findings on the calves' productivity showed that animals in the experimental groups grew more intensively than animals in the control group during the drug product administration by calves. Use of “Lactobacterin-TK2” probiotic in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal infections in calves has provided 100% therapeutic and preventive efficacy. We believe that the effect has been obtained due to the sanitation of the animals intestines from pathogenic flora by suppressing of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria reproduction with lactobacilli as a result of their antagonistic activity and colonization of the intestine freed ecological niche with normal microbial flora, stimulation of humoral and cellular immunity factors, level of nonspecific resistance of the organism, activation of metabolic processes, normalization of intestinal microbiocenosis in calves. All this immediately influenced the improvement of digestion processes, which led to more intensive growth and development of animals.

Interactions between posttraumatic stress disorder and alopecia areata in child with trauma exposure: Two case reports

Alopecia areata (AA) is a dermatologic disease that can be seen in all age groups with nonscarring hair loss. While the causes of AA are suggested to be the role of genetic, psychological stresses, cellular and humoral immunity, and endocrine and neural factors, the underlying cause is not fully known. Psychiatric diseases are frequently reported in many studies in patients with AA. In this report, children with AA and psychiatric evaluation of them and the prominence of psychiatric evaluation in AA were discussed; AA and posttraumatic stress disorder were reviewed in the light of the relevant literature.

The Role of Immune Responses in HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission.

HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) represents a success story in the HIV/AIDS field given the significant reduction in number of transmission events with the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment and other prevention methods. Nevertheless, MTCT still occurs and better understanding of the basic biology and immunology of transmission will aid in future prevention and treatment efforts. MTCT is a unique setting given that the transmission pair is known and the infant receives passively transferred HIV-specific antibodies from the mother while in utero. Thus, infant exposure to HIV occurs in the face of HIV-specific antibodies, especially during delivery and breastfeeding. This review highlights the immune correlates of protection in HIV MTCT including humoral (neutralizing antibodies, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and binding epitopes), cellular, and innate immune factors. We further discuss the future implications of this research as it pertains to opportunities for passive and active vaccination with the ultimate goal of eliminating HIV MTCT.

Параметры иммунитета и уровень кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией при синдроме отмены

Цель исследования: изучение динамики показателей иммунитета и уровня кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией в процессе терапии синдрома отмены. Методика. В исследование включено 136 больных опийной наркоманией (инъекции экстракта опия) с сформировавшейся физической зависимостью. Пациенты получали в стационаре стандартную терапию с полной отменой наркотика. Исследование проводилось на следующих этапах: при поступлении в стационар (опийный абстинентный синдром - ОАС); на 5-7-е сут. терапии (переход в постабстинентное состояние - ПАС); на 25-28-е сут. лечения (становление терапевтической ремиссии - СТР). Лабораторные методы включали определение количества лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); содержание иммуноглобулинов М, G, А, уровня кортизола и циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК) в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Основной иммуноэндокринный паттерн на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены характеризуется дефицитом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов CD3, CD4, СD8; увеличением числа лимфоцитов с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); активацией гуморальных факторов иммунитета (IgM, IgG, ЦИК); высокой концентрацией кортизола. На этапе ОАС и ПАС эти изменения были наиболее выражены; на 25-28-е сут. лечения отмечена позитивная динамика Т-лимфоцитов СD3 и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (СD8); хелперы/индукторы CD4 оставались устойчиво сниженными; D-RFC лимфоциты, параметры гуморального иммунитета и концентрация кортизола - повышенными. Длительный срок наркотизации при употреблении высоких доз наркотика связан с большей выраженностью нарушений. Заключение. Установленная дизрегуляция параметров иммуноэндокринной системы у больных опийной наркоманией на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены в наблюдаемые сроки (25-28 сут.) свидетельствует о неустойчивости достигнутой терапевтической ремиссии и необходимости проведения дальнейших реабилитационных мероприятий. The purpose: investigate changes in immunity parameters and cortisol level in subjects with opiate addiction during the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Methods. The study enrolled 136 subjects with opiate addiction with physical dependence receiving injections of opium extract. Patients received conventional therapy with complete opiate withdrawal. The study was performed at the following stages: at admission to the hospital (acute withdrawal syndrome (AWS); on days 5-7 of therapy (transition into post-withdrawal state - PWS); on days 25-28 of therapy (formation of therapeutic remission - FTR). Laboratory methods included determination count of lymphocytes with receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, with receptors to dopamine (D-RFC); the serum levels of IgМ, IgG, IgА, cortisol, circulating immune complexes (CIC). Results. The principal immunoendocrine pattern for all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy is characterized in comparison to the reference normal values quantitative deficit of CD3, CD4, СD8 Т-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine, activation of humoral immunity factors (IgM, IgG, CIC), high cortisol level. At AWS and PAS stages such changes are most pronounced; on days 25-28 of therapy positive changes in cytotoxic Т-lymphocytes (СD8) and Т-lymphocytes СD3 was revealed. CD4 count remained steadily reduced, count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine and cortisol level were elevated. Clinical and immunological analysis demonstrated that consumption of high opiate doses, long-term narcotization are associated with higher intensity of disorders detected. Conclusion. Dysregulation of immunoendocrine parameters was revealed in subjects with opiate addiction at all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy within the term observed evidencing instability of therapeutic remission achieved and necessity in further rehabilitation events.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА IМУННОГО СТАТУСУ У ЖІНОК З ЛАТЕНТНОЮ ПАПІЛОМАВІРУСНОЮ ІНФЕКЦІЄЮ ШИЙКИ МАТКИ

Мета дослідження – аналіз змін показників, що характеризують стан імунітету, у жінок з генітальною латентною папіломавірусною інфекцією, часто поєднаною з урогенітальною інфекцією, на початку обстеження та через 6 місяців спостереження.Матеріали та методи. Обстежено жінок репродуктивного віку (від 18 до 45 років, 1200 осіб), що звернулись до гінекологічних відділень Перинатального центру та клінічної лікарні № 18 м. Києва за період з 2011 до 2016 рр. Контрольну групу склали 15 здорових жінок. Дослідження проведено за допомогою таких методів, як: цитологічний, кольпоскопічний, бактеріологічний, методу ПЛР, фенотипування лімфоцитів периферичної крові та статистичних методів.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. При обстеженні 1200 жінок у 210 (16,0 %) виявлена ДНК вірусу папіломи людини (ВПЛ) за відсутності клінічних та морфологічних ознак інфекції, що свідчило про латентну папіломавірусну інфекцію (ПВІ). З них у 84 – діагностована моноінфекція, у 126 – поєднана папіломавірусна та урогенітальна інфекції (УГІ). Інфікування ВПЛ і вірогідність подальшого розвитку захворювання (елімінація або персистенція вірусу) значною мірою визначається клітинними та гуморальними факторами імунітету. Для з’ясування ролі імунної системи людини при латентній ПВІ проведено фенотипування лімфоцитів периферичної крові з використанням моноклональних антитіл та визначення рівня імуноглобулінів (Ig) А, М, G за методом радіальної імунодифузії на початку обстеження і через 6 місяців. У 140 жінок встановлена транзиторна ПВІ, у 70 – персистуюча.У жінок з латентною ПВІ шийки матки виявлені деякі ознаки вторинної імунної недостатності, що виражалось у зниженні відсотка Т-лімфоцитів та Т-хелперів з одночасним підвищенням кількості цитотоксичних лімфоцитів та природних кілерів (NK) на тлі активації гуморальної ланки імунітету. Супутня УГІ статевих органів підтримувала, а іноді і посилювала виявлені особливості імунореактивності при ПВІ. У жінок з транзиторною ПВІ спостерігалась нормалізація показників клітинного та гуморального імунітету, а подальша персистенція ВПЛ у шийці матки призводила до більш суттєвого пригнічення реакцій не тільки клітинної, а й гуморальної ланок імунітету (зниження кількості NK та імунорегуляторного індексу, рівня IgA).Висновок. Таким чином, у жінок з латентною ПВІ ШМ виявлялись деякі ознаки вторинної імунної недостатності, що виражалось у зниженні відсотку Т-лімфоцитів та Т-хелперів, з одночасним підвищенням кількості цитотоксичних лімфоцитів та природних кілерів на тлі активації гуморальної ланки імунітету.

Role of nitric oxide synthases polymorphism in the development of comorbidity of bronchial asthma and hypertension

Present literature review highlights the current views on the role of genetic factors in the development of bronchial asthma and hypertension, indicates their role in the formation of comorbid pathology, draws attention to the role of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase genes in the pathogenesis. In recent years there has been increasing interest of researchers to the problem of comorbidity, in particular to a combination of asthma and hypertension. Genetic factors play a great role in pathogenesis of these diseases. Among genes that play role in development of asthma there are genes encoding antigen recognition factors and humoral immune response factors, genes encoding mediators of inflammation, chemokines and intercellular adhesion molecules, genes of receptors performing fixation of external ligand molecules on the target cell, genes of intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors and a number of other genes. The pathogenesis of essential hypertension is associated with the genes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and genes regulating endothelial status. The link between asthma and hypertension is nitric oxide, which is involved in many physiological processes, in particular, regulates vascular and respiratory tone. Polymorphism of nitric oxide synthases genes is able to violate its production in the organism and thus lead to the development of bronchial asthma and hypertension. Polymorphisms Glu298Asp, eNOS4a/b, and 786C/T of NOS3 gene are associated with development of hypertension. Polymorphisms of this gene had been studied in patients with bronchial asthma, and they have demonstrated their influence on the level of nitric oxide in patients. Thus, the NOS gene polymorphisms may participate in the formation of comorbidity of bronchial asthma and hypertension.

Serum immune response of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata to xenografts and allografts

The mantle piece from the donor pearl oyster would be rejected by the immune system of recipient oyster in pearl culture practice, especially in the case that the donor and receptor are different species. Thus, investigation of the immune response of recipient oyster to grafted mantle pieces, particularly to xenografts, is of importance in creating xenograft transplantation technology for pearl culture industry. The humoral immune responses of P. fucata to allograft (mantle piece of P. fucata) and xenografts (mantle pieces of P. maxima and P. margaritifera, respectively) were studied in this paper. The oysters receiving no transplantations were served as the control group. The serum was collected from recipient P. fucata at 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d, 11 d, 13 d, and 15 d, respectively after transplantation, and the serum antibacterial activity, lysozyme activity (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and agglutination to rabbit red blood cells were investigated. The result indicated that serum of both the experimental groups and the control group can agglutinate rabbit red blood cells, with variation between groups and between time points, respectively. The antibacterial activity in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 2–4 d, but lower at 5–11 d and returned back to normal at 15 d, with significant differences among experimental groups (P < 0.05). The LZM in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3–7 d, with significant differences in bacteriolytic activity among various groups (P < 0.05). Both the ACP and AKP activity levels in the experimental groups were higher than those in the control group at 2–9 d, with significant differences among various groups at 3–9 d (P < 0.05). The TAC level in the experimental groups was higher than that in the control group at 1–7 d, with significant differences among various groups at 4–7 d (P < 0.05). The above results indicated that all of the humoral immune factors investigated showed immune responses to both allografts and xenografts, with no specific to any of them. Thus, it is necessary to further screen immune rejection factors specific to xenografts, including cellular immune components.