Humoral factors of innate immunity in the saliva of patients with infectious inflammatory respiratory diseases

Abstract

Introduction: In recently ears factors of innate immunity both cellular and humoral have been paid considerable attention as they are a protective barrier of a fast response and that is why they are largely concentrated at the intersection of the digestive tract and airways. The data concerning the activity level of factors of innate immunity in the upper airways affected by nonspecific inflammatory processes is insufficient and sparse and therefore the purpose of this research was to study the content of humoral factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion (ORS) of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper airways in remission. Materials and Methods: There was an examination of 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of bacterial genesis (15-40 years old), 12 patients with rhinopharyngitis of post-viral genesis (8-16 years old), 12 people with scleroma from 30 tо 52 years of age (atrophic form), 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis in remission (from 10 to 33 years of age) and 11 patients of a control group (practically healthy donors from 12 tо 40 years of age). The content of MIP-1b, defensin-1β, lactoferrin, lysozyme, α-interferon was studied in the nonstimulated OPS. Statistics were carried out using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The greatest number of deviations in the decrease in the content of the examined nonspecific protective factors was found in cases of scleroma, chronic tonsillitis and chronic rhinosinusitis (p<0,05). The lack of protective humoral factors of innate immunity can be evidence of local immunodeficiency even in remission, which is a pathophysiological component of the maintenance of chronic inflammation. Conclusion: The decrease int he quantitative composition of factors of innate immunity in the oropharyngeal secretion of patients with chronic infectious inflammatory diseases of the airways is an objective ground not only for a replacement therapy, but also for the use of immune response modifiers from photo-immune modulators to “genuine immune modulators” controlling the state of the factors of both innate immunity and immunoglobulins, primarily of secretory type, the level and functionality of various groups of immunocompetent and accessory cells.