Humanitarian Sciences Research Articles

The role of Russо-Byzantine antiquities collectors in the formation of museum collections at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries

In the context of Russо-Byzantine minor arts, hoards of the Kievan Rus’ era represent a unique group of material culture artifacts, which are being thoroughly examined by academic science — archaeology and art history. The history of museum affairs have accumulated a number of studies on individual private collections, where the hoards were presented to some extent. However, there is a demand for a comprehensive coverage of the entire complex of hoards as the result of a “collecting fever” in the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The culture of this period, addressed to the styles of past eras, made objets d’art of Byzantium, Ancient Russia and neighboring cultures to be desirable items of collecting, which contributed to the activation of the antiquities market. When the antiquities used to be implemented into the private collectors’ milieu, certain tendencies of their existence in this milieu inevitably arose. This article makes an attempt to highlight beneficial and negative aspects of such tendencies, especially for humanitarian science and museum work. Among the personalities, such as A. S. and P. S.Uvarovs, D.Ya. Samokvasov, B.I. and V.N.Khanenko, V. V.Tarnovsky, A.A.Bobrinsky, A. V.Zvenigorodsky, M P.Botkin, P.Morgan — two groups are distinguished according to their motivations and approaches: professional archaeologists and connoisseurs of antiquities. Characteristics of structure and acquisitions of their collections in the context of archaeological excavations are given; their further history of existence and the role in the museumification of decorative and applied arts monuments are revealed. A number of problematic aspects of the collectors and antique dealers’ activity is named, such as the growth of the forgery market, the fragmentation of monuments, which used to the single complexes, as well as the issue of national values restitution.

ГЛОБАЛЬНА НООРЕВОЛЮЦІЯ У СФЕРІ ГУМАНІТАРНИХ НАУК У КОНТЕКСТІ ЗМІН УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

We set out to predict the future through the demands of daily life and the performance of professional duties in the time of war-2022. Overcoming the information noise from materials about the war, the COVID-2019 pandemic and the complex of threats to the existence of humanity, the main attention was paid to the activities of the scientific and educational complex, to its discoveries and breakthrough achievements. We have discovered many important facts and phenomena that collectively form a new vision of the future. The main purpose of the article is to warn about the harm from ignoring the ecologically ideal nootechnologies we have noticed and their nooscientific source. This has already slowed down progress in Homo's life and prevents the use of the achievements of noosciences (archaeometry, paleogenetics, nooanthropology, and others) in history and archeology. We provide evidence of the beginning of the mega-revolution in the field of humanitarian sciences and its constituent part — the deep historical and archaeological noorevolution of the 21st century. It consists in abandoning all mythologized ideas about the past and building a new description of the events of the Paleolithic and subsequent times based on accurate isotopic dating, genetic sequencing and other achievements of recent years. David Reich and other scientific leaders of the world point to the need to create a true picture of the evolution of Homo. Our work is aimed at analyzing the reasons for the appearance in the West in 2017-2020 of a stream of anti-Ukrainian articles about the so-called "yamnaya genocide". In fact, the disappearance of the genes of farmers discovered by D. Reich and other scientists was caused by the actions of the ancestors of modern Western Europeans, who relied on the aggressive archetype, not the "yamnayas". Today it is known as the "Atlantean Civilization". Its worldview flaws are visible in the actions of the leaders of the EU states and in the behavior of a large part of Europeans. We suggest disseminating facts about ancient events to inform the entire society about the ancient roots of enmity between the West and the East, which will accelerate the arrival of peace in Ukraine. Our higher school, in the modern search for a new model of the Ukrainian university, is obliged to become a world leader in innovation by taking into account the noorevolution in the field of humanities and other sciences.

Man and the Internet: dialectics of knowledge and information

In the article the problem of transformation of the information received by the user on the Internet into his knowledge is investigated. The paper uses the main special scientific and logical research methods used in the social and humanitarian sciences. At the same time, the methods of systematic and value-worldview analysis of the phenomena of the spiritual world of a person are distinguished by the degree of significance, which allow us to study the problem of the dialectic of knowledge and information on the Internet not in isolation, but in connection with the main phenomena of the spiritual life of people, taking into account the priority of value-worldview structures. The goal of the work is to find a priority factor that provides a higher degree of accuracy in the transformation of information from the Internet into human knowledge. It is shown that the nature of the world wide web to a certain extent complicates the process of translating information coming to a person into his knowledge. It is concluded that the condition for the transformation of information received by the user on the Internet is the cognitive activity of a person, due primarily to the development of its value and ideological sphere. If the cognizing person has sufficiently developed and stable value – ideological foundations of personality (beliefs, ideals, principles, worldview), he successfully realizes himself as a developing subject, an active participant in knowledge. On the contrary, insufficiently stable value-worldview sphere can lead to passive perception of information by the individual, adaptation to reality, simplification of personality. Information from the Internet in the most adequate form is transformed into a person’s knowledge on the basis of his own cognitive activity, in the presence of intellectual and volitional capabilities (especially value-worldview qualities) for verifying the information available on the Network.

THE ESSENCE OF SYMBOLIC IMAGES IN THE WORK OF THE UNIQUE POET, SKILLED TRANSLATOR RAUF PARFI

Introduction. The twentieth century is known to have been a period of great change and renewal in world literature. The social, political, and cultural reasons for this have been shown in many scientific works. It should be noted that in the last century, especially in poetry, there have been created rare works that speak of the fate of humanity, human suffering, deep content, deep philosophy. In particular, during this period, philosophical and intellectual lyricism about the eternal problems of the universe and man, life and death, war and peace, the fate of mankind, the essence of life was perfected. Research methods. In the process of drawing a number of poems of the poet into the analysis, the following were used: - to give an idea of the theoretical basis of the coloring of styles and shapes; - coverage of the issue of the lyrical hero in poetry; - attention to the national psyche of the lyrical hero; - interpretation of the poet's own characteristics in the application of poetic details, analytical images; - coverage of the expression of the theme of freedom and freedom in poetry; - to express opinions about the artistry of poet and to draw general conclusions and pay attention to the poet's poetry. Results and discussions. In world literary creation, it is becoming increasingly important and becoming increasingly urgent to develop. Consequently, the study of literal philosophical and intellectual direction is also important for humanitarian science, such as philosophy and psychology, not philology. Conclusion. Twentieth-century Uzbek poetry, even from the standpoint of world literature, is a very large, completely unique poetry; There are many masterpieces of lyrical masterpieces created all over the world. Chulpon's poetry with a social spirit, Osman Nasir's fiery writings, Ghafur Ghulam's deep philosophical poems, Oybek's thoughtful and quiet "pure" lyrics, Maqsud Shaykhzoda's beautiful poems, Mir-temir's folk poems, elegant lyrical melodies of Erkin Vahidov, poems of wisdom by Abdulla Aripov, modern poetry of Rauf Parfi, poetic world of Omon Matjon rich in historical symbols, courageous poems of Shavkat Rahmon are proof of our opinion. The above-mentioned poets made a great contribution to the formation, development and perfection of the new Uzbek poetry.

Humanistics in the Digital Age: A New Renaissance?

The article is devoted to contemporary problems of humanistics. It comprehends the essence of humanistics (the term was introduced by the modern philosopher, culturologist and linguist M. Epstein) as a totality of the humanities, completed by humanitarian technologies and humanitarian invention. There is discussed the importance of breaking the trend towards total technicism to the detriment of humanism in human, which is associated with the total onset of modern technologies for the development of artificial intelligence. The author expresses the idea of the importance of reviving the relevance of humanism in human, since the uncontrolled development of information and communication technologies can lead, according to modern humanitarian researchers (Yu. Harari), to a pessimistic scenario of the regressive evolution of humankind up to its disappearance. The article emphasizes the importance of the parity development of natural and artificial in modern society. The author draws attention to the need to revive the importance of such humanitarian sciences as cultural studies, aesthetics, and to stimulate the development of new humanitarian areas. A special place today should be occupied by the renewal of understanding of the importance of socio-cultural and artistic practices from the point of view of both enriching spiritual production and developing skills for mastering and comprehending their meanings by wide audiences to create the necessary conditions for the formation of a “complex person”. The article presents the origins of the discussion of “physicists and lyricists”. There are demonstrated various positions of researchers on the issues of passivity and activity of humanitarians to explain the current state of humanism. There is a paradoxical discrepancy between attitudes towards pragmatism, technological innovation and the development of a creative class, the essence of which is close collaboration with creative professions. Leaders of innovative information industries (S. Jobs, B. Gates, M. Zuckerberg, etc.) show their close relationship with humanitarian knowledge and values. The article presents and analyzes examples of humanitarian technologies and inventions that are recognized by the world community and continue to be in demand until the present time, even though they were created in different cultural and historical epochs and in different countries. The author pays attention to socio-cultural inventions in the field of pedagogy, especially artistic.

Interdisciplinary approach to language

The article deals with the phenomenon of interdisciplinarity regarded as one of the main methodological principles of modern linguistics. Under discussion are the problems of the anthropocentric paradigm which at present takes a dominant place among other scientific paradigms. The relationships between interdisciplinarity and other methodological principles such as anthropocentrism, functionalism and explanatorism have been analyzed. The levels of interdisciplinarity as polydisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity have been highlighted. The assumption that some notions, such as discourse, concept, linguocultureme, foregrounding are interdisciplinary by nature, and can not be discussed within the framework of one discipline, is put forward. From the position of interdisciplinarity the scientific status of such disciplines as stylistics and cognitive linguistics has been discussed. One of the conclusions is that the interdisciplinary synthesis of Stylistics is determined by its internal links with all the language aspects (phonological stylistics, stylistic grammar, lexical stylistics, stylistic phraseology, stylistics of word-formation), and external correlations of Stylistics with the disciplines of the anthropocentric paradigm. As for the interdisciplinary status of Cognitive Linguistics, it is characterized by two tendencies: 1) correlations with both humanitarian sciences (Philosophy of language, Sociolinguistics, Linguoculturology), natural sciences (Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics), exact and technical sciences (Mathematical Linguistics, Computer Linguistics); 2) interpenetration of many notions and methods of analysis of Cognitive Linguistics and other sciences. The main conclusions of the research are the assumptions about: a) interdisciplinarity as a basic methodological principle of modern linguistics; b) a variety of forms, types and levels of interdisciplinarity; c) the interdisciplinary status of all the anthropocentric trends of modern linguistics; d) the peculiar features of interdisciplinarity in Stylistics and Cognitive Linguistics; e) the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of many notions of modern linguistics.

Knowledge, comprehension and application of Abai studies

The article systematizes the main categories of Abai studies, their content and relationship. Abai’s creative heritage was studies and continues to be studies in different directions, in different fields of science. Many monographs, textbooks and teaching aids, collections of articles, materials of conferences dedicated to the life and work of Abai have been published. A number of works have been published abroad. Nevertheless, one of the most urgent and socially significant scientific issues in the study of Abai’s creative heritage is Abai studies. To date, many serious issues in the field of Abai studies have found their solution, research is still going on. However, no special studies have been carried out to determine the structural system and interdisciplinary areas of the Abai heritage and teachings of Abai. It is obvious that the identification of interdisciplinary areas and a unified structural system of Abai studies, which means that knowledge, comprehension and application of Abai’s teachings will be an important achievement in the field of social and humanitarian sciences. The research work to achieve the expected scientific result was based on the methodological principles of studying and aesthetic perception of Abai studies in hermeneutics, interpretation, and evaluation. The measuring instrument of Abai studies is analyzed, its structure is determined and its scientific characteristics are systematized. Key words: Abai studies, concept, comprehension, interpretation, evaluation, knowledge, trust.

Issues of interpretation of “health”, “pain” and “suffering” concepts in modern multidisciplinary science

The research given is of great scientific value since the main task of any state is to protect natural human values, namely: life, health, will, honour, dignity, and other natural rights. Therefore, their defence and protection are carried out at the state level, especially by developing effective means aimed at systematic counteraction to criminal offences against the health of an individual. The doctrinal approaches on the limits of criminal law protection of person’s health, existing today, require a detailed analysis and generalization, as well as legal drawbacks in the construction of criminal law norms on liability for various types of encroachments on health and problems arising as a result of it at criminal law assessment of relevant socially dangerous acts. However, the discussion on terminology which is not only the achievement of criminal law subjects but also medicine, forensic medicine, psychology, etc., is still taking place between the researchers in various humanitarian sciences at national and international levels. First of all, these terms and categories are the determinants, and main studies in these areas are based on them.

Громадянська освіта: правовий та гендерний аспекти

The article examines the problems of modernization of education in Ukraine nd focuses on the importance of systematic implementation of civic and gender education in the public space for educational needs, formation and development of citizens who are aware of their rights and responsibilities who have an active citizenship position, patriotism, active outlook, cohesion and tolerance.The article reveals the components of civic and gender education, the main normative-legal and program base for their implementation in the formal and non-formal education system. The issue of strengthening is revealed considering the practical component in the training of specialists in the humanitarian sciences and the importance of using the most effective research tools, taking into account gender aspects. The importance of mastering the skills by higher education obtainers of conducting sociological research using modern information technologies, platforms and social networks is emphasized.One of them is determined to be the online service Google Forms, which allows easily creating a variety of tests, surveys, getting feedback, automatically process information and presenting it in graphical forms for easy analysis. The results of a sociological survey using the Google Forms survey showed significant differences in the responses of women and men, indicating mandatory gender and age differentiation in the research.The problems of fragmentation of civic and gender education, lack of a unified cross-cutting approach to the structure of civic competencies, insufficient practical orientation of education cause unsystematic approaches and activities, uncoordinated actions of stakeholders, especially in training humanities and civil servants.Thus, the educational, scientific and managerial community faces an important task to find new forms, adequate to the challenges of the information age, content and mechanisms of civic and gender education for all groups as a factor of democratization of Ukrainian society. Key words: modernization of education, civic education, gender education, democracy, equality, information technologies in education, sociological polls.

Иностранные студенты в полиэтничном пространстве российских вузов: проблемы адаптации и интеграции в научно-исследовательских практиках

Objective of the study is to consider the features of disciplinary practices in the field of studying foreign students in Russia in the context of their adaptation and integration to the multi-ethnic conditions of the host regional community and the university environment. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles and provisions of an interdisciplinary approach, which assumes the possibility and prospects for the synthesis of accumulated scientific knowledge in a particular scientific field in order to form an integrated approach to the study of an urgent scientific problem, in this case related to the socio-cultural adaptation of migrant students. Research results allowed us to substantiate the point of view about the greatest methodological potential in studying the adaptation of foreign students in the multi-ethnic space of Russian regions and universities of a multidisciplinary approach, which, being at the junction of disciplinary practices, allows us to optimally integrate the accumulated knowledge in this subject field, formed in various fields and spheres of social and humanitarian science.   Prospects of the study are determined by the lack of independent sociological research carried out in the subject field, which actualizes the factor of polyethnicity in the adaptation of foreign students studying at Russian universities. The presence of separate storylines included in the general adaptation context of the problems related to foreign students in Russia does not remove from the scientific agenda the issue of conducting independent sociological research aimed at studying the barriers to adaptation and integration of foreign citizens studying at universities in multi-ethnic regions of Russia. This position is justified by the empirically confirmed facts of the influence of the ethnic/racial affiliation of foreign students on the difficulties of adaptation in the multi-ethnic environment of Russian universities and integration into the local regional community.  

Problems of defining legal reality in philosophy and legal science

The article considers the problems of determining the legal reality category in the law philosophy. The aim of the research is to generalize scientific knowledge and theories that reveal the category of legal reality. With the help of general and special research methods analysis and generalization of scientific material is carried out, consideration of various approaches to legal reality in order to identify the main features and constituent elements of this category. The points of view and scientific positions of philosophers and legal theorists in the field of researching the legal reality problems are analyzed and compared. The categories of «legal reality», «legal life», «legal system» as phenomena of social reality interacting with each other and constituting the broadest philosophical and legal category of «legal reality» are considered. The result of the research is the consideration of legal reality as the most general category, which includes the entire spectrum of legal phenomena occurring in social life. The legal reality research is considered to be the basic requirement of modern humanitarian science, which aims to ensure the most complete the human personality development in harmony with public interests and needs, the most important of which are mediated through law and legislation. The main determining the right reality problems are highlighted, which are due to a wide range of the phenomenon under consideration, a large constituent elements number, a different law understanding and the elements included in this category. Legal reality is a complex category, it is the real existence of legal matter as a type of social reality, which is characterized by universal existence forms of matter: space, time, movement.

Design of university pedagogy programs: integrating ideology and pedagogical science (1930-s) (to the 110th anniversary of the Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University)

Introduction. The article presents the results of the author's research work on the study of the factors that determined the development and approval of the content of the course of university pedagogy in the 1930s on the basis of the integration of state ideology and pedagogical science. The article makes an attempt to highlight general (on a national scale) and specific (using the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Pedagogical Institute, which celebrates the 110th anniversary of its foundation this year) features of the development of the content of pedagogical science in this period.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on the basis of the analysis of normative documents, materials of pedagogical periodicals, generalizing works of scientists, archival documents of the Central Archives of the Nizhny Novgorod Region: articles, reports, resolutions, protocols, etc. Basic research methods: analysis of sources, comparative analysis of data.Results. Based on the study and analysis of data, trends in the development of the content of pedagogy as a science under the influence of government decrees, through the prism of socio-political events taking place in the 1930s, are shown. The dynamics of the development of the content of pedagogical science and education in the period under review is analyzed, the influence of state ideology on the development of pedagogical science in a national and regional format is characterized on the material of pedagogical educational institutions of Nizhny Novgorod, mainly the Nizhny Novgorod Pedagogical University. The role of government decrees in the field of pedagogical education in the practice of regional pedagogical universities and departments of pedagogy is shown. It can be stated with complete confidence that the 1930s in Soviet pedagogy passed under the sign of the development of program documents on university pedagogy.Discussion and Conclusions. The author considers the problems of the formation and development of pedagogy as a social and humanitarian science, shows the influence of politics and ideology on the development of pedagogical science and practice, substantiates the dependence of pedagogy on the order of society, the state, and the ruling party.

Frame as a cognitive structure in the mass media texts

This article discusses the concept of "frame", which is used as the study of artificial intelligence. Currently, the term "frame" is widely used in sociology, psychology, linguistics, journalism. Frame has acquired several clarifying definitions in each individual humanitarian science. The article also gives interpretations of the "frame” concept by various researchers, the key characteristics of the frame structure. The classification of frames presented distinguishes the following types: frames-samples; frames-instances; frames-structures; frames-roles; frames-scenarios; frames-situations. The frame structure including constitutive, formal and target sub frames is described. The goal is to study the language of media text viewing the main cognitive knowledge formats and their linguistic objectification implementation. The main directions and ideas of scientific research: the existing typology of concepts is unstable, as evidenced by the identification of subspecies of existing types of mental units by researchers; in media texts, information is recognized in the following frequency cognitive formats: concept, concept, frame, scenario, gestalt. The theoretical relevance is that it makes a certain contribution to a new stage of understanding the problem solving of language correlation and thought structures, language and cognitive processes at different levels of their interaction of the mass media text. The research results increase the ways of presenting new knowledge about the world in the media. A significant research result is the classification of the main language cliche characteristics based on the studies as a focal point for the further concepts typology development. The practical relevance is the opportunity of the obtained results to apply in the following elective cycle disciplines: "Cognitive Linguistics"," Linguoculturology", etc., in the preparation of textbooks for students, postgraduates of philological and journalism faculties. The article consists of the following parts: introduction, statement of goals and objectives, comparative review of the "frame" concept by various linguists, discussion of research methods and conclusions. Keywords: frame, cognitive linguistics, slots, typical slots, frame-scenario, sketch-frame.

Cilvēka būtības un vietas redefinēšanas iespējas: vērtību piemērs

Employing the methodological arsenal of philosophy – questioning, wondering, refuting, doubting as well as discourse analysis methods, the aim of this article is to reflect on possibilities to redefine values in a new communication situation, which can be described as a situation with a large number of communi-cation channels and diverse communication opportunities, making the „consumer” to determine the agen-da of his/her media. In this new communication situation, the necessity for a more critical, independent, conscious and reflexive manner of thinking is growing, which requires the truth-seeker to transcend his/her limitations of everyday thinking and apply the ancient and modern scientific definitions about the essence of human nature and values. This particular study employs M. Buber’s concept of I – Thou rela-tionships. Thus, in the humanitarian sciences, to define values means redefining values or defining them independently, which means that one 1) must define a particular value as a concept, logically (naming it) (ex. „forgiveness”, „I forgive You”) and in the same time 2) must implement it with a real action (act of forgiveness).

The professional skills’ school “Bioethics and Medical law” is opened at the institute of social sciences of Sechenov University

The article is devoted to the opening of the Professional skills school "Bioethics and Medical Law" based on the Institute of Social Sciences at Sechenov University in September 2020. The project Professional skills schools has been existing at Sechenov University since 2014. The School's program consists of three training modules: "Fundamentals of Bioethics", "Bioethics: a medical and sociological view" and "Medical Law". The purpose of the School "Bioethics and Medical Law" is the in-depth training of graduate students in the field of bioethics, medical law and the sociology of medicine to acquire additional knowledge, skills and abilities to analyze ethical and legal problems of clinical practice and research activities in the field of biomedicine. Students at the School get a unique opportunity to study not only the theoretical aspects of bioethics, but also to gain practical skills in solving ethical problems in medical practice based on approaches using the methodology of social and humanitarian sciences.

LINGUOCOGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VERBS OF BEHAVIOR EXPRESSING HUMAN PERSONALITY (BEHAVIOR) (ON THE BASIS OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES MATERIALS)

Since cognitive science has been one of the most controversial topics in humanitarian sciences that also deals with linguistic sciences, the author of the article below intends to touch upon the topic related to the linguo-cognitive analysis of behavior verbs existing in human personality (behavior) on the basis of Uzbek and English languages materials. It should be noted that the linguistic function of these verbs play an important role on everyday conversation as well as on the literary dialogues that gives an overview, whole/partially, about a speaker, their status quo, personality and behavior.

RESEARCH OF FEATURES OF EDUCATIONAL-AND-PROFESSIONAL MINDSET IN THE STRUCTURE OF PROFESSIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF STUDENTS

The article is devoted to the presentation of the results of an empirical research of educational-and-professional mindset in the structure of professional consciousness of students. The specificity and the structural organization of the educational-and-professional mindset of students have been shown. A review of scientific literature has allowed to define educational-and-professional mindset as a multilevel motivational-semantic entity that appears as an individual willingness to perceive activity and make it properly; it permeates all aspects of the formation of the professional activity from professional consciousness and self-awareness up to action or deed. We have grounded a place of educational-and-professional mindset in the structure of professional consciousness. As a component of professional consciousness, educational-and-professional mindset is shown in the personal sense. As a kind of semantic mindset, it is updated by the motives of professional activity and appears as a form of personal expression of readiness to professional activity in general. Structural organization of educational and professional mindset includes the following components: professional-cognitive (goal setting, challenges in the future work), emotional (assessment of training for professional activity), subjective (involvement of students in the educational and professional activities), cognitive-personal (students’ representation of professionally significant personal qualities). The sample of respondents consisted of higher education students of various profiles – humanitarian (specialty “Psychology”) and natural sciences (specialty “Biology” and “Chemistry”). The results of the empirical research have revealed that psychological characteristics of the content of educational and professional mindset is partially determined by the education profile, and in part are common. The differences in the severity of the components of educational and professional mindset concern cognitive-professional component (professional goal setting); emotional component (professional expectations); cognitive and personality component (self-assessment of own negative qualities); subjective component (lack of time, lack of interest in the learning process, a lack of understanding of educational material).

FORMING OF SOFT COMPETENCIES EDUCATIONAL PROCESS MANAGEMENT CHANGES (DISTANCE EDUCATION)

The impetus and innovative idea for research was the rapid transformational changes in society. These changes were expressed in the experimental search activities of the development in education and other social and humanitarian sciences, which are now taking place in the world in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the maximum distanceization of processes, including educational ones. The authors concluded that these changes concern: teaching methods, organization and management of educational processes. In practical teaching, the authors noticed the peculiarities of soft competencies formation in distance learning. Unlike knowledge, soft competencies are formed in social interaction. It is completely different in content and forms of construction in online education than in the offline one. These changes in educational transformations and management of educational processes take place due to fundamental transformations under the influence of: scientific and technological progress, global security challenges, wide access to information, significant part of life virtualization, restructuring of the axis of the teaching paradigm, etc.The main idea of the article is focused on changes of soft competencies formation as they are understood in distance learning; also it was emphasized the changes, necessary for successful teachers' work management in this area. Research methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, collection of information, expert opinions, forecasting and modeling), special scientific (analysis of changes in law, recommended practices, observation, authors' own practice and fixation in changes in the educational results of their students).

The Fate of Humanism in the 20<sup>th</sup> Century and the Poetry of Osip Mandelstam: The Poem <i>Lamarck</i> and the Idea of Regression in Its Application to Culture

The article focuses not so much the poetic and stylistic features of Osip Mandelstam’s work, which are of interest to philologists (these have largely been researched), as its cultural aspects. To fill this gap, it is important to compare Mandelstam’s lyric with his prose, theory, criticism, and journalism. We believe that the poet’s statements in these genres provide many answers to the question of his attitude to culture. In general, a cultural analysis of Mandelstam’s poetry has not yet been undertaken. Meanwhile, a lot of whimsical and rather obscure associations in his lyric can be understood only with the help of his implied statements about a specific culture, with parallels to other cultures. In particular, we investigate the poet’s interest in philosophy and natural sciences, which is expressed both in his poems and in his assessments of modern processes. The theoretical works also shed light on Mandelstam’s poetic experiments. The article is based on an attempt to unravel the meaning contained in his poem Lamarck. This circumstance generated the analysis of the poet’s special interest in natural sciences, in the ideas of Lamarck and other researchers. The references to natural sciences allowed Mandelstam to get around the insolubility of the problem of the fate of culture, if we proceed from the state of the social and humanitarian sciences, characteristic of the post-revolutionary period in the development of science in Russia. The statement is substantiated by the fact that these sciences did not discuss the problems of culture, and if they did, the discussion was subordinate to Bolshevist ideology. At the same time, the poet’s thoughts are consonant with the concept of O. Spengler. Mandelstam also inclines to biologism in his vision of culture. The interest in Spengler’s morphology also explains O. Mandelstam’s attraction to the natural sciences. The article concludes that the poet’s judgments lie outside the methodological disputes that exist in academic science. Mandelstam was more interested in the fate of European and, accordingly, Russian culture, especially the fate of humanism, whose values were challenged in the 20th century.

MEETING OF HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS OF SOCIAL HUMANITARIAN DISCIPLINES OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES IN RUSSIA

The extremely unfavorable situation in the system of medical humanitaristics prompted teachers of the social and humanitarian sciences of medical universities in Russia to unite their efforts to provide humanitarian support for higher and secondary medical education. The article provides information about the meeting of the heads of the departments of socio-humanitarian disciplines held this year and the decisions made. Three key issues are considered: forms of association, improving the educational process and changing the criteria for the effectiveness of teachers of the humanitarian sciences. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is necessary to involve teachers of medical disciplines in the process of modernization of medical humanitaristics.