Humanitarian Knowledge Research Articles

Experience of Conceptual Teaching of social and humanitarian disciplines

Be the first good person, the second good specialist!, for the practical implementation of the first and main part of these principles, the issue of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines in the academic educational process is important. There are many secondary and higher educational institutions in the world aimed at the strict implementation of the second part of this principle. Currently, it is obvious that they can ensure the modernization of technical education adapted to the consequences of the Fourth industrial revolution, the preparation of a new paradigm of technical education, the formation of future specialists with special professional competencies in demand in the digital system, and meeting the needs of a digital society. However, it is unlikely that they will be able to provide such qualities as virtue, reason and humanity, which underlie the emotional, visual, intuitive, critical, logical thinking of a modern specialist. Philosophy is very rich in various concepts and is the core of social, socio-humanitarian disciplines and even the source of science. The article presents a number of classical approaches to conceptual learning with its relevance and the results of the methodology used on their own experience. The ability of students to use the acquired knowledge in a particular discipline in practice can be understood as a fruitful educational path of social and humanitarian disciplines in the Academic educational process, especially such life sciences as «Philosophy». As the student better understands the model of knowledge, understanding and application of concepts, his ability to easily solve life and professional tasks is determined. In the course of studying the topic, the authors come to the conclusion that the role of social and humanitarian knowledge should be constantly strengthened.

CONTEXTUAL COMMUNICATION AS A TOOLKIT FOR INCREASING PROFESSIONAL EFFECTIVENESS AND INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Introduction. The use of various types and forms of communication in communication activities is of certain research interest and can be learned through appropriate procedures. Unlocking the potential of contextual communication for professional and personal communication is the subject of this article.
 Materials and methods. To carry out this research as an effective epistemological practice, a systemic and axiological approach was applied, as well as a set of modern methods for processing scientific information from various fields of social and humanitarian knowledge. These are various variations of the use of the analytical-synthetic method, making analogies and comparisons, mental movement in deductive and inductive ways, generalization of scientific data and theoretical abstraction.
 Research results. The work consistently reveals the goals, objectives, structure, essence and concept of contextual communication based on the need for its implementation in professional activities and other forms of human interaction. It is noted that the main characteristic of contextual communication is its indirectness from direct communication, when the role of “subject-object of an example” is a real-life person, his actions (deeds) or examples of erroneous decisions. Through the mediation of contextual communication, it is possible to effectively transmit goal settings, value formations or epistemological constructs.
 Discussions and conclusions. The construction of work communication processes and the increasing shortage of time resources for personal communication in modern reality actualizes the problems of using increasingly effective and quickly applied communication tools. Such a tool today also includes contextual communication, which is used purposefully or spontaneously both in business interaction between people and in personal subject-subject communication. Knowledge of contextual communication has great cognitive prospects, the achievement of which was carried out in this work.

Interpretation of Ballet Art Through Screen Directing Means

The purpose of the article is to carry out a holistic analysis and determine the specifics of directorial means of interpreting ballet art in showing the formation of an artistic personality and delineating scientific guidelines that will contribute to studying the phenomenon of ballet directing in the screen and stage space. Research methodology. The research used an interdisciplinary approach based on the following general scientific methods: induction, deduction, complex art analysis, and synthesis, which contributed to the elaboration of a broad factual basis of the screen interpretation of ballet creativity in the context of the formation of the ballet personality of the performer. Argumentation of the uniqueness of ballet directing in the context of screen art was provided by using methods of systematization and generalization. The typological method helped to consider common artistic principles in the creative pursuits of masters of screen and stage art. Analytical and systematic methods contributed to the study of the art history aspect of the problem. Scientific novelty. The article systematizes and expands scientific ideas about the place and role of screen and stage directing in the system of humanitarian knowledge. The art of directing is defined as a universal type of artistic and aesthetic activity; the mutual influence is clarified and the mutual enrichment of theatrical and audiovisual arts in the development of directing tools is shown. Conclusions. It has been found that the directors' screen creativity expands and deepens knowledge of ballet art, and gives impetus to the active development of the ballet masters’ creativity, ballet performers in the stage space, in particular, in the production of musicals.

Гуманитарное знание в современном обществе

The article touches upon the issues of development of humanitarian knowledge in modern society. The authors proceed from the fact that the information that an individual receives in the educational process very quickly becomes irrelevant, and in this regard there is a situation of misunderstanding when he tries to comprehend the current events of modernity. According to the authors of the article, the very ideology of the combat illiteracy does not have the former heuristic value. It does not correspond to the new order of the world, in which knowledge has become generally accessible and new technical inventions open direct access to the world of information. Along with the change in the technical foundations of education, its epistemological paradigm is also transforming. The new rules of life have made the question of the peculiarities of the individual's socializa-tion in the education system relevant.

Max Müller in History of Linguistics: Forgotten Classics or Springboard to Future? 200th Anniversary of Birth

The study is devoted to the actualization of the ideas of the great comparative scholar of the XIXth century Max Müller (1823-1900), a contemporary of A. Schleicher, who, as is traditionally believed, worked mainly in the naturalistic trend. The authors of the study show that the achievements of M. Müller were unreasonably underestimated, calling the scientist a popularizer of science. The victory of positivism in German linguistics weakened interest in the works by M. Müller: linguistics was no longer perceived as a natural science. It is noted that the positivist approach denied the “metaphysical” typology, close in spirit to M. Müller. The authors come to the conclusion that M. Müller’s ideas and methodological attitudes survived his time into the future and sound relevant in the humanities of the XXIst century, based on the anthropological understanding of linguistic phenomena. M. Müller was one of the first scholars to distinguish between philology and linguistics, he boldly extrapolated the attitudes of comparative studies to other areas of humanitarian knowledge - mythology, religion, innovatively applied a socio-cultural approach to the analysis of language features and the study of archaic texts. The study compares M. Müller’s ideas with traditional historical observations of national comparativist- and-historical observations of Russian comparativists - F.I. Buslaev and I.I. Sreznevsky. It is emphasized that his works reveal the connection of philosophy with private sciences: linguistics, theology, cultural history. In this sense, “The Science of Language” can be regarded as an original experience of creating philological hermeneutics. It is stated that M. Müller studied the historical space of language from the point of view relevant to the modern science of comparative semasiology. The refraction of his ideas is observed in the works of modern scientists - typologists, comparativists, conceptologists: V.A. Dybo, V.V. Ivanov, V.N. Toporov, Yu.S. Stepanov. Once again, the naturalistic approach is reaching a new level of development in the XXIst century, and the comparative method - the main research tool of M. Müller and other scientists of the Schleicher era - is being actualized not only in linguistics, but also in philology, history of religion and ethnology. The dialectical approach to typological linguistics applied by M. Müller, remains in demand by the science of modern times.

SYNERGY OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF XXI-CENTURY LINGUOCULTUROLOGY

The article focuses on dynamic language-culture correlation in the context of modern linguoculturology. This linguocultural research is a version of cultural studies which places language at its heart. At an everyday, human and scientific level linguocultural interests, pursuits and problems have never been more important. The subject matter of this article is therefore crucially topical and reflects the current demand of modern linguistics for new and profound research in this sphere. The topicality is also determined by the linguoculturology evolution into integrative interdisciplinary field of modern humanitarian knowledge in which perspectives from different disciplines can be selectively drawn on to examine the relations of culture, mind and language. The research focuses on dynamic, synergetic mutual interaction of language, culture and mentality reflected in the academic concept and viewed in theoretical aspect. It also defines linguoculture as a key concept of XXI century linguoculturology. Our study relies substantially on the application of linguistic descriptive methodology and devices. The main aim of the work is to describe the complex mechanism of two fundamental categories synergy. The objective determined the tasks of the research: to clarify and describe continuous dynamic complex process of language and culture correlation through linguoculturilogy perspective and define the much disputed key terms –“linguoculturology”,’linguoculture” and “the language of culture”. The research claims that language and culture realationship is characterized by two-sided parity, mutual influence and dependence, inseparable integrity and coherence.

Концептуальные основы евразийского дискурса

It is shown that the original message of the founders of the Eurasian doctrine corresponded to the paradigmatic foundations of non-classical science, but does not correspond to the modern paradigm of socio-humanitarian knowledge. The authors of the Eurasian concept, whose scientific thinking was formed in the context of the formation of non-classical approaches in social and humanitarian knowledge, developed the idea of cultural and historical types by N. Y. Danilevsky. But some of the categories they based their theory on had their origins in the classical paradigm, the methodological limitations of which were already obvious at that time. If the category of the West is still used in science, then the concept of the East has turned out to be debatable and therefore always requires explanation. The state of social knowledge at that time (the 20s – 30s of the twentieth century) required a revision of the classical ideas about Russia's place in the geopolitical process as a catching-up country, but it turned out to be unable to answer the main questions that the political elite asks at the turn of each century. The inadequacy of the categorical apparatus did not allow us to build a viable social theory.

On the question of the goals and content of political education in modern Russia (based on the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”)

The subject of the study is Russian political education in the context of modern challenges. Using systemic and structural-functional approaches as methodological grounds, the author analyzes the goals and content of political education as structural elements of a unified system, subject to certain patterns in their functioning. In addition, the connection between the system of political education and the external environment, which is the socio-political practice of Russian society and the activities of state institutions, is considered. Factors that contribute to increasing the importance of political education in modern conditions are identified. The works of domestic and foreign researchers devoted to political education, as well as social and humanitarian knowledge in general, were used. Their recommendations are compared with the concept of the new academic discipline “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood,” introduced in Russian universities on September 1, 2023. The importance of the educational component in the educational process of a modern university is revealed, since the content of education includes not only a scientific, but also a value component. Conclusions are drawn about the need to form in the political consciousness and culture of students the values of citizenship and patriotism, as well as the formation of historical memory, historical consciousness, the idea of connection with their country, its past, present and future. The principle of narrowly professional training of specialists is criticized, since it contradicts not only the education of a citizen, but also the humanization of education, its orientation towards creating conditions for the realization of freedom and self-development of the person.

The Identity of the Modern Human as a Problem Of Social and Humanitarian Knowledge

The article examines the problem of subjectivity and identity formation, the specifics of individual and collective identity research. It is noted that the study of subjectivity, "I" (self), which is the source of the formation of individual identity, actualizes the study of this problem in many social and humanitarian sciences. It has been established that in a broad interdisciplinary context, it is a search for an effective methodological toolkit for determining the dynamic matrix of subjectivity, which is constantly changing in the modern globalized society. In the context of the study of the phenomenon of subjectivity and identity, the socio-psychological theory - the theory of traits, the theory of roles and the humanistic theory - is briefly considered. It was found that all these theories cannot adequately investigate the subject's identity, the possibility of using E. Erikson's identity theory and the direction of social constructionism, where human subjectivity is constructed here and now in relations with other people using speech practices of discourse, was analyzed . It was determined that the discourse in the understanding of social constructionists is a kind of material basis of the practices of social construction of reality, thanks to which the "I"-construction of subjectivity is constructed.

О СПЕЦИФИКЕ ГУМАНИТАРНОГО ЗНАНИЯ

В статье рассматриваются особенности и специфика гуманитарного познания. Естественно-научное и гуманитарное знание дополняют друг друга. Они оба важны для понимания мира и человека. Естественно-научное знание – это знание о объекте, о сущем, о том, что есть и существует. Гуманитарное знание – это знание о человеке, субъекте, это – знание о должном, о том, что будет, что должно быть. Естественно-научное знание ограничивается объяснением того, что есть, происходит. Гуманитарное знание дает нам понимание того, что есть, что будет. Гуманитарное знание призвано предупредить общество об ожидающих его трудностях, разрабатывать альтернативные варианты решений современных проблем. Их смысл и предназначение состоят в том, чтобы обеспечивать надежное социальное прогнозирование.

STAVROPOL MEMORIAL BY VUTKE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL MEMORY CONCEPT

The 20th century showed the inconsistency of ideas about the predictability of historical processes, as a result of which the idea of the essence of humanitarian knowledge was subjected to rethinking. Consequently, some researchers come to the idea that the aim of historical science is to preserve historical memory. However, it is not the memory of past events; we are talking about a new type of memory. In this interpretation, memory has its own value as an object, and not just as a way of storing a large amount of knowledge about the past. The new methodology, which developed during the 20th century, allows us to look at many monuments of monumental art from a different point of view, as well as explain the fate of the Stavropol memorial, erected by O. Vutke in 1922–1923 and demolished in 1936.

«Занятость» как базовая категория когнитивных практик восприятия новой социальной реальности

Through the operationalization of the conceptual and categorical apparatus developed in social and humanitarian knowledge, as well as a secondary analysis of empirical sociological data, the article presents scientific and non-scientific cognitive practices of perceiving a new social reality through the prism of the “employment” category. The features of the legal, economic and sociological approaches to employment of the population are formulated. The main directions of the social and humanitarian scientific discourse of recent years on the prospects for employment in Russian society are characterized.

Museum educational activities in the context of disseminating modern scientific knowledge

The purpose of the study is to analyse the content and focus of the educational activities of museums on the dissemination of modern scientific knowledge and ideas of scientific education. Scientific education is increasingly acquiring interdisciplinary and integrative content as a synthesis of natural, technical, and humanitarian knowledge in formal, non-formal, and informal education, or in conditions of their complementary integration. The authors conducted an online survey of 42 respondents (teachers of Ukrainian secondary schools, teachers of universities, and museum workers) who answered 10 questions of the questionnaire about the organization, drafting, and implementation of museum educational (museum pedagogical) programmes to communicate with pupils and students in the museum environment with the opportunity to express their own attitude to the suggested problems. The survey results proved that teachers of secondary schools and teachers of higher education institutions have a significant interest in the introduction of educational (museum pedagogical) programmes into the environment of national museums with minor visiting reservations, associated with quarantine restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyses the peculiarities of functioning of museum institutions in the system of organizing various types of educational activities with visitors in accordance with the dominant paradigm of education and upbringing. The role and significance of the most important educational paradigms in the system of museum pedagogical activity are outlined. The role of modern museums in promoting and disseminating ideas of scientific knowledge in various forms and methods of work with young people is emphasized.

Российское новомученичество как фактор идентичности и коммуникации поколений русского народа

In modern cultural thought, the use of the concept of "cultural identity" has become quite frequent. At the same time, this concept is currently very ambiguous, which is due to a wide range of problems considered within the framework of the topic of cultural identity, since each of the fields of humanitarian knowledge characterizes this phenomenon in its own way, from the standpoint of this particular science. This study highlights some aspects according to a number of opinions of authoritative authors in the phenomenon of new martyrdom from the point of culturological view. At the same time, it is emphasized that the relevance of the issue lies not only in the fact that we cannot bypass the phenomenon of new martyrdomas a retrospection of a metahistorical response to the spiritual challenges of the Great Russian revolution. This problem, from the perspective of the cultural dimension of the phenomenon of Russian New Martyrdom, has practically not been studied in such a formulation of the question.

Музейная метафизика

This review deals with the book by S. V. Klimenko, a well-known philologist, a staff member of the N. G. Chernyshevskiy Estate Museum. It shows the academic character of the book under review. The book is timed according to the periods of the author’s creative life, but at the same time the identified periods appear to be crucial for the history of the museum as they were linked to anniversaries of N. G. Chernyshevskiy or memorable dates in the history of the museum itself. The content of the book combines fascinating stories about the creation of new museum “products” and the definition of the essence and purpose of the profession of someone whose life is connected to a literary museum. A literary museum worker is presented in the book as a person for whom the literary studies of sources become not only a process inseparable from the museum work but also an object of academic research and exploration. Considerable attention is paid to the problems of museum work as the most important area of humanitarian knowledge. S. V. Klimenko is also concerned with the issues of personnel training and funding. An important point for the author of the book becomes the question of what materials a separate museum exhibition or a large exposition should be based on. S.V. Klimenko assigns great importance to the development of the concept of an exhibition or exposition in museum work. Discussions that accompany the emergence of any new “product” represent the birth of the concept, i.e. understanding of the principles of material selection, logic of its presentation and scientific commentary. The author of the book advocates the conceptual approach to the presentation of museum exhibits in showcases or on walls in an essentially rigorous way. S. V. Klimenko has succeeded not only in opening the world of the literary museum to the reader, but in showing its heartbeat in several dimensions, projected on the science, source studies, archives, education, working with the visitors, and the work of exhibition designers.

Миссия университета как ответ на вызовы времени

This article discusses topical issues of the formation and transformation of the university’s mission in accordance with the needs of society in different historical epochs. It is shown that the main components of the university’s mission were and remain education, scientific research and service to society, to which other concepts were added at different times in accordance with public requests. It is noted that in the twentieth century the mission of the university was formed under the influence of significant conceptual changes in the social role of higher education associated with the transition from an elite model of university education to a mass one. It was aimed at meeting the needs of industry, producing humanitarian knowledge for the development of culture, intelligence and spirituality. It is shown that the mission of a modern university is transformed in accordance with the needs of a global society with a market economy by adding a number of other components related to economic, social and globalization factors to its classical components. It is emphasized that in the current realities, in connection with the conduct of a special military operation, the main task of university education is not only to convey information to students, but also to teach them how to work with it using modern scientific methods. The needs of modern Russian society encourage universities, in addition to scientific and educational, to fulfill a social mission.

“Demography as history”: historical and anthropological methodological contexts (I)

The article attempts a theoretical and methodological understanding of historical and demographic reconstructions in the context of “social history”. The parameters of the “demand” for the reconstruction of the past as a set of activities of the masses are shown. Historical experience is perceived in the context of unmotivated behavioral practices that lead to a procedural understanding of demographic trends. The principles and potential of such studies are analyzed; the humanitarian orientation of cognitive procedures is characterized. Examples of successful application of quantitative modeling in descriptions of historical processes are considered. Based on historiographical experience, the tasks of the historical-demographic approach in the study of the past are formulated. Important aspects of theorization are regional and local reconstructions as a potential for generalizations in general. “Demographic characteristics” are proposed to be evaluated both as a result and as a subject of event history. An attempt has been made to fit such studies into various historiographic contexts. The principles and mechanisms of organic/effective combination of “accurate” methods of demography with “conditions” of humanitarian knowledge in history are formulated. Possible ways of “mutual import” of techniques within the framework of the anthropological approach to the study of the past are demonstrated. Questions are raised about the limits of the application of such methods in the knowledge of the human past.

Правовая охрана традиционных семейных ценностей российским законодательством: поиск основополагающей парадигмы

Introduction. The paper examines the issue of forming the legal definition of “traditional family values” and notes the unacceptable, in the author’s opinion, excessive clericalization of this process. The author believes that the traditional value recognized as the basis of the institution of the family protected by law is formulated not only in the theological sources, but, first of all, developed by law and philosophical views prevailing in society. Purpose. To prove the groundlessness of handing over the formation of conceptual approaches to the principles of family law to exclusively the spiritual institutions of society. Their role should be considered as important, but not the only one, but rather optional. Methods. The prevailing research methods used in the paper are the historical and logical methods that ensure the reproduction in the mental sphere of the complex process of formation and development of the principles of family law. Results. The author has investigated the problem of becoming and forming the concept of “traditional family values”, a new concept for Russian family law; at the same time the author argues the point of view about the secular nature of this concept. Conclusions. As a result of the study, a point of view is developed on the need for a multidimensional approach to the content analysis of the ethical and legal concept of “traditional family values”, while respecting the equal importance of all sources of humanitarian knowledge: spiritual dogmas, cultural traditions, and philosophical ideas and views.

Textual Microfields WINTER and MAN in Short Stories by Soviet Writer Yuri Shamshurin

The research addresses to the anthropocentric aspect of a literary text and mental representations of the Arctics in the author's image of the world. The relevance of this study is defined by the demand for humanitarian knowledge and culture of the inhabitants of the Arctic regions in connection with the technological development of the Arctics. The goal of this article is to design a model of textual associative semantic micro-fields WINTER and MAN in the Arctic discourse of Soviet-era author Yuri Shamshurin and identify the points where these micro-fields meet or cross each other. The study is focused on those lexical items which participate in building the secodary reality in Shamshurin’s short stories. The novelty of the study lies in applying congnitive-discursive approach to the study of the Arctic fictional discourse. The key methods of analysis used in this study are field analysis, lexical-and-semantic analysis, contextual analysis and cognitive interpretation method. As a result of the study, the nuclear lexical-and-thematic groups of the microfields MAN and WINTER were identified, such as CRAFT and WIND, as well as the intersection points of lexical-and-thematic groups for both microfields. The main attributes of winter identified in the mental representation of the Arctic discourse in Shamshurin’s short stories are wind and cold, being the phenomena which a man encounters first and foremost during his daily activities. The northern lights, which have no intersections with the microfield MAN but represent a unique natural phenomenon, are also one of the main attributes. In addition, it has been revealed that when lexical-and-thematic groups intersect their boundaries become mobile, which can lead to the creation of a new lexical-and-thematic subgroup within the microfield. An issue has been revealed that is connected with defining the lexical-andthematic groups containing lexical items that perform an artistic function in a particular story, such as a plot-forming or symbolic function. In this case, they are not representative of their group in a given microfield.

THEOLINGUISTICS AS A SCIENCE: STATUS AND CRITERIA FOR ITS ISOLATION

Any field of human cognition, claiming the status of a science must meet a number of criteria, which include subject and object, its own method and language. To date, the status of theolinguistics as a separate branch of language science is not questioned by any linguist, but the lack of an exhaustive justification of this status makes attempts to do so urgent. The understanding of the subject of theolinguistics, which is based on the existing definitions of this discipline and the tasks it is designed to solve, remains debatable. The tasks of theolinguistic research should be determined taking into account the worldview factor, both the system of views on the world as a whole, and the image of reality, refracted by the position of the individual.
 The paper deals with one of the topical issues of theolinguistics as a science – the justification of its status. The purpose, subject, object, units, and methods of theolinguistics are considered and analysed. The cultural and historical context of the emergence of theolinguistics as a synthetic discipline in modern humanitarian knowledge is elaborated. The tendencies of the return of linguistics to the anthropological program of the study of language, one of which is the tendency of integrating theological knowledge into the worldview and culture, which manifests itself more and more distinctly in the modern world, are noted. The process of philosophical and theological thought returning to the question of the essence of the true relationship between culture and religion is observed. Scientific and religious-mythological type of cognitive activity is compared. The methodological basis of research in theolinguistics is characterized. Theolinguistics is examined through the prism of scientific and religious outlooks. Theolinguistics is presented as a synthetic discipline in its formative stage. The potential tasks of theolinguistics as a science are considered.