Women's Human Rights Research Articles

동두천 정체성 리브랜딩 전략 방안

60% of the Dongducheon area is a military area, which has been stagnant for over 70 years due to many restrictions on industry and local economy. After the plan to relocate to Pyeongtaek, Korea, the U.S. military, which was in charge of the axis of the Dongducheon local economy, has been withdrawn, further stagnating the local economy and reducing the number of residents in the country. In this study, we propose to rebrand the Dongducheon area by actively utilizing the negative image of Dongducheon as a military area and base village after the relocation of the U.S. troops in Korea. To this end, we propose to re-establish the image of an underdeveloped city by rebranding the local identity of the sacrifice for security, respecting the human rights of women sacrificed in modern history, and revitalizing the birthplace of rock culture.

Perempuan dan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Lensa Filsafat: Dilema Etika dan Implementasi

Human rights in the context of women through a philosophical lens brings us into deep reflection about the rights, dignity and role of women in society. In philosophy, women are considered as equal individuals to men, eliminating discrimination based on gender. The concepts of bodily autonomy, reproductive rights, and protection against violence are at the center of ethical and moral debates about women's human rights. Philosophical thinking also emphasizes that women have an active role in raising social and political awareness to achieve gender equality. This involves the moral responsibility and collective action of women in fighting for their rights. Through a philosophical lens, understanding women's human rights encourages us to see women not only as objects receiving rights, but also as subjects who are empowered to shape a more just future. Therefore, the philosophy provides a strong foundation for advocacy for gender equality and social change that is more inclusive and has equal rights to live with dignity and freedom.

Implementation Of Legal Protection For Women Victims Of Domestic Violence From A Human Rights Perspective

The Indonesian government signed a declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (1993) in 2014. However, at a technical level, violence against women still often occurs due to Domestic Violence (KDRT) in Indonesia. The purpose of this writing is to understand the implementation of laws and the protection of women's human rights against domestic violence from the perspective of international law. The research results show that the entry of the public law system into the domestic realm, namely domestic life, is one of the new developments in the field of human rights, especially in Indonesia. Domestic Violence (KDRT) has become a common agenda in the last few decades. The facts show that domestic violence has quite a negative effect on women as victims. The research that has been carried out is normative legal research which is focused on norms and also legal objects as the main data, and a book consisting of rules, and the truth of the research that has been carried out. All forms of violence have violated human rights as regulated in Law No. 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic.

The Dilemma of Women in the Workplace

Influenced by historical factors, women are often in a disadvantaged position in the workplace and in life. First of all, in the workplace, sometimes women and men are not paid equally even though they make the same contributions in the workplace. In addition, society often assumes that women need to take care of the family, resulting in women needing to adjust the balance between work and family. At the same time, men often do not have this problem. Second, young women entering the workforce are often vulnerable to sexual harassment by male leaders and bosses. This adds to the difficulties women face in the workplace. These inequalities are fundamentally caused by the subconscious existence of gender inequality in society and disrespect for women. This unequal treatment inhibits the enthusiasm of female employees and is not conducive to the guarantee of work efficiency. This paper analyzes the dilemma of women in the workplace and the causes of these difficulties, aiming to propose solutions to help women get out of the dilemma in the workplace, further realize gender equality in social status, and protect women's human rights.

The "First daughter" effect: Human rights advocacy and attitudes toward gender equality in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan.

International concern for the human rights of Afghan women has spiked since the Taliban consolidated power in Afghanistan in fall 2021. Yet little is known about how to effectively advocate for women's human rights under this new context. We present findings from a random sample of all adult Afghan internet users' attitudes toward peace, security, gender, and human rights and find significant support for women's human rights as a national priority within Afghanistan, even when controlling for other priorities and even among many men and women aligned with the Taliban. Given that men now have much more political power in Afghan society to protect women's rights, we paid particular attention to men's attitudes toward women's human rights. Our evidence from an embedded survey experiment, building on earlier literature from other countries, demonstrates that fathers of eldest daughters are particularly likely to favor prioritizing women's rights when primed to think about the gender of their eldest children. Thus, the human rights and humanitarian community should spend more time and attention engaging with this demographic, and specifically creating marketing and advocacy strategies that encourage men to think about or act on behalf of their eldest daughters.

Guarantee’s Right In Marriage By Perspective Of Women’s Study: A Gender Perspective

Departing from the shift in the meaning of ijbar which is identified with ikrah by most Indonesian people, especially in the gender perspective, the center for women's studies UIN Sunan Kalijaga, encourages researchers to conduct a study on the development of the implementation of ijbar rights in Indonesia today as well as legal regulations regarding the implementation of ijbar rights in marriage which are still a tradition in Indonesia and legal protection for women's human rights that have been degraded as a result of forced marriage as a consequence of the application of ijbar in a marriage. The type of research used is field research with a legal-formal approach. The results showed that the absolute right of ijbar thereafter should no longer be exercised in Indonesia after the birth of the Marriage Law and the Compilation of Islamic Law. From a number of chapters it is clear that the permission of the bride and groom, or prospective husband and wife, is an important component of the marriage itself. The concept of ijbar has a legal basis in fiqh, fiqh experts have different opinions about forced marriage (ijbar). Center for Women's Studies UIN Sunan Kalijaga provides two types of legal protection for women whose human rights are violated because of marriage with ijbar rights from the point of view of Islamic law. First, every woman has the same right to choose her partner. Second, a woman may ask her guardian's permission to marry her without his knowledge or consent.

Kadına Yönelik Şiddet: Kalıcı ve Yükselen Bir Sorun

Violence against women is a widespread global public health problem. It is also a serious violation of women's human rights. Violence has traumatic effects on the health and well-being of women and the children who witness it. Violence against women is associated with physical, mental, emotional, sexual health, reproductive health problems and death. Violence and gender norms, which are one of the risk factors causing the continuation of violence; also have significant effects on families and societies, and these negative effects cross social and economic boundaries. However, it is also clear that current prevention initiatives and policy responses are insufficient. Mental health professionals have an important role to play in identifying, preventing and responding appropriately to violence against women and may take primary, secondary and tertiary measures to reduce the risk of violence against women. While providing mental health services, İt is very important to be aware of interpersonal violence and to provide gender-sensitive services. When providing these services, the impact of violence against women on mental health and knowledge of potential treatments are considered as a prerequisite. Along with the knowledge about the dynamics of violence, it is considered extremely important to take measures against the risks that weaken women who are disadvantaged due to problems such as gender inequality. For this reason, in this review, the concept of violence against women and the types of violence are explained and in this context, the initiatives that can be made in the field of mental health are included. It is thought that this review will contribute to the awareness of professionals working in the field about the seriousness of the problem and how violence affects women's mental health. It is also hoped that the present study will provide insight into the complex relationship between violence and health outcomes to help improve health policies and prevention responses in the relevant field.

The Position of Women and Women's Rights in Islamic Family Reform: A Comparison in Indonesia and Tunisia

This research was prepared with the aim of discussing the position and fight for women's rights in the Islamic Family reform (Comparison in Indonesia and Tunisia). Some women demand that their rights be taken away by male hegemony. This theme ultimately falls within the scope of the Holy Quran which is used as a source of legitimization of the relationship between men and women. The research method used in this study is the method of collecting data through library research. Data is collected by gathering information from various sources of literature, including books, magazines, journals, and others. From this research, it can be concluded that the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia and Tunisia was carried out to answer the needs of the times and especially to raise the degree (status) of women, namely through nurturing, preserving and then fighting for women's rights. Although the minimum standards of marriage and polygamy differ in the two countries, they share a similar principle and goal: the protection of women's rights. Nonetheless, these rights are equivalent by nature in sharia (maqasyid ash-shari'ah), such as the right to mental and psychological health (equivalent to the nature of hifz an-nafs/maintaining the soul), then the right to maintain reproductive health (equivalent to the nature of hifdz al-nasl/maintaining offspring), Furthermore, the right to obtain equal opportunities in the field of education (commensurate with the nature of hifdz al-'aql / preserving the intellect) and the provisions of polygamy between the two countries also have commensurate goals and principles, namely to protect women's honor or human rights (commensurate with the principle of hifdz al-'ird).

Women's Human Rights and Constitution

Half of the world's population is women. Therefore, women should also get rights as human beings. When the UN declared human rights on 10 December 1948, many women's organizations of the world demanded women's human rights. In India, women had the same rights as men since ancient times, but with time, the status of women in India also declined. But when the Constitution of India was created, a provision for basic rights was made in it. In which women were given equal rights as men. Abstract in Hindi Language: विश्व की सम्पूर्ण जनसंख्या की आधी आबादी महिलाओं की है। अतः महिलाओं को भी मानव होने के नाते अधिकार मिलने चाहिए। जब 10 दिसम्बर 1948 मे यू.एन.ओ. द्वारा मानवाधिकार की घोषणा की गई तब विश्व के अनेक महिला संगठनो के द्वारा महिला मानवाधिकारो की मांग की गई। भारत मे प्राचीन काल से महिलाओं को पुरूषों के समान ही अधिकार थे परन्तु समय के साथ भारत में भी महिलाओं की प्रस्थिति में गिरावट दर्ज की गई। परन्तु जब भारत के संविधान का निर्माण हुआ तो उसमें मूल अधिकारो की व्यवस्था की गई। जिसमें महिलाओं को पुरूषों के समान अधिकार प्रदान किये गये। Keywords: महिला, मानवाधिकार, संविधान

The anti-gender threat: An ethical, democratic, and scientific imperative for NIH research/ers

Anti-gender campaigns in the United States and globally have promoted policies and legislation that significantly limit bodily autonomy for women, transgender, and nonbinary people. This attack on the human rights of women and gender-diverse communities not only reflects implicit and explicit bias but also detrimentally impacts population health and well-being. We outline the domestic and global rise of anti-gender campaigns and their deep historical connections to broader forms of discrimination and inequality to argue that there is an ethical, democratic, and scientific imperative to more critically center and contextualize gender in health research. While the inclusion of gender as a complex concept in research design, implementation, and dissemination is important, we emphasize that gender inequities must be understood as inextricable from other systems of discrimination and exclusion. To that end, this commentary outlines two actions: for researchers to advance critical approaches to gender as part of a broader landscape of discrimination, and for the US National Institutes of Health to integrate both sex and gender into funded research.

Women’s Empowerment and its Relationship to Intimate Partner Violence in Palpa District, Lumbini, Nepal

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) violates women's human rights and is a major public health concern. Intimate relationship violence or non-partner sexual assault affects about one in three (30%) women worldwide at some point in their lives. These types of violence harm women's sexual, emotional, physical, and reproductive health. This kind of abuse against women is preventable. Women's empowerment encompasses six common qualities: psychological, political, legal, economic, physical, and social empowerment, encompassing various aspects of life. Objectives: To assess the relationship between women’s empowerment and intimate partner violence. To identify the prevalence and contributing factors of intimate partner violence among married women. Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study. The sample size was 352 and a purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews using per-tested questionnaire during April, May, June, and July 2023. Questionnaire related to Socio-demographic information, Standard valid tool Conflict Tactics Scale tools (CTS) were used as instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 22. Results: Out of 352 respondents, nearly half (43.2%) were between the ages of 30 and 39. Half of the respondents (50.3%) had low decision-making levels. Likewise, the lowest proportion of the respondents (16.2%) had a moderate level. More than half of the respondents (58.5%) had a low level of empowerment, whereas only 3.4% of the respondents had a high level of empowerment. Regarding violence, physical was 20.2%, sexual was 24.1%, emotional was 33.2%, controlling behavior was 53.7%, and overall intimate partner violence was 68.5%. There is a statistically significant relationship between intimate partner violence and women’s age (p =<0.010*), duration of marriage (p=<0.009*), socioeconomic class (p = <0.01*), member of the organization (p = 0.005*), bank account (p=0.006*), empowerment (p = 0.020*), husband's alcohol habit (p = <0.01*), and husband's smoking habit (p = <0.01*). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that more empowered women had less experience with intimate partner violence, whereas less empowered women had more experience with emotional, sexual, and physical abuse, as well as dominating actions from their close relationships. Having children, household decision-making, and property ownership had no noticeable effect on the prevalence of intimate relationship violence. The likelihood of intimate relationship violence was not significantly impacted by having children, making decisions, or possessing property.

Conservative Jurisprudence and Russia’s Response to ECtHR Judgements on Cases of Domestic Violence

Abstract This article examines Russia’s record in complying with the European Convention of Human Rights, the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the CoE’s policies in relation to the human rights of women – the protection of women from domestic violence in particular. It seeks to explain why Russia has systematically refused to introduce specialized legislation on protection from domestic violence. It argues that human rights of women, especially cases of domestic violence, became the main point of contention between Russia and the CoE for two main reasons: a fundamentally different approach to the human rights of women and equality, inherited from Soviet-era legislation; and a special type of legal reasoning of international legal obligations – conservative jurisprudence – which undermined the understanding of the legal value of protection of human rights of women and led to invoking various arguments of cultural sovereignty. Non-compliance and quiet avoidance of any gender-sensitive legislation, not least on domestic violence, indicate that Russia has never really committed to the rule of law.

Implementation of Womens Human Rights in Dar Es Salaam with Special Reference to Domestic Violence: A Critical Appraisal

Objectives: This study delves into the implementation of existing laws to control domestic violence done against women in Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: Through qualitative research methods, and interviews with 150 respondents, including victims, policymakers, and community leaders, the study sheds light on the persistent prevalence of domestic abuse driven by socio-cultural norms, economic dependence, and gender power dynamics. Main Results: Key contributing factors such as gender inequity, cultural beliefs, substance misuse, and lack of awareness were identified, underscoring the complexity of the issue. Stakeholders emphasized challenges in implementing current legal measures effectively, including resource constraints and gaps in protection for victims. In response, the study proposes collaborative efforts among policymakers, stakeholders, and communities to implement education programs, legal reforms, and awareness campaigns aimed at challenging societal norms and perceptions, thus supporting victims within the existing legal framework. Conclusion: Ultimately, the study highlights the imperative of addressing root causes and providing comprehensive support to victims to mitigate domestic violence and advance women rights in the region.

Pemidanaan Terhadap Mucikari Ditinjau dari Asas Keadilan dalam Kasus Trafficking Anak

There are many cases of illegal exploitation that occur now based on paper and electronic media reports and many examination results show that cases of illegal exploitation, especially of women and children, need attention. Dealing with women and children in Indonesia generally involves prostitution and pornography. The occurrence of sexual trafficking involving girls reveals violations of women's human rights, depriving them of the opportunity to experience peace and happiness from a young age. Their basic rights to live freely and protect themselves from potential harm have been reduced due to criminal activities. These incidents show a correlation between the trafficking of underage girls (through prostitution) and other sexual offenses such as assault and battery. Many minors and adult women are victims. Brutality against women is thought to stem from a framework that considers women as weak and substandard individuals compared to men. Overall, victims of human trafficking, especially women involved in prostitution and children forced to work, are victims of crime and not perpetrators of crime.

The intersectional impact of climate change and gender inequalities in Africa

AbstractThe global pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals underscores the importance of combating inequality, with climate change emerging as a significant threat, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). This commentary explores the profound impact of climate change on the lives of women in Africa, shedding light on a critical issue where 80% of the female population in LMICs grapples with its far‐reaching consequences. Climate change is exacerbating existing gender disparities, particularly within the realms of agriculture, livelihoods, and resource access. Barriers like limited training and technology access hinder effective adaptation, perpetuating discrimination. Rooted deeply in social and cultural norms, the consequences of climate change negatively impact the human rights of women, resulting in increased vulnerability to illnesses, malnutrition, limited housing, and restricted support services. Health risks, including malaria transmission and respiratory diseases, further compound existing challenges, leading to increased rates of anemia, violence against women, alarming spikes in child marriages, and socio‐economic consequences. Integrated policies emphasizing gender mainstreaming, multisectoral approaches, and closing gender gaps in asset ownership are crucial to addressing these challenges. Education, training, and upskilling opportunities are essential to empowering women to confront climate change, further advocating for the development and enforcement of laws and policies recognizing gender differences and safeguarding women's rights. Moreover, there is a need for integrated solutions to foster sustainable development in Africa, as climate change is not a standalone issue but rather intertwines with various aspects of life. By advocating for policies that promote gender equality, education, and resource access, it seeks to pave the way for a more resilient and empowered female population, capable of navigating the complexities of climate change and contributing to the broader goal of sustainable development on the African continent.

Please Give Me a Remedy: Women Human Rights Defenders Mobilize for Occupational Safety and Health

Abstract This article investigates the strategies that women human rights defenders use to engage in legal mobilization and overcome gendered barriers to justice. It does so through analysis of a specific health and safety dispute involving women workers and the Republic of Korea’s biggest semiconductor corporation.

Obstetric Violence in Italy: From Theoretical Premises to Court Judgments.

Historical mistreatment and violence directed toward women's bodies extend to the field of medicine, and obstetric and gynecological practices are not immune to such misconduct. Obstetric violence (OV) refers to actions involving disrespectful, abusive, or coercive treatment directed at pregnant and birthing women. This includes institutional and personal attitudes that lead to the violation of women's autonomy, human rights, and sexual and reproductive health. Despite various international legislative initiatives and recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) addressing disrespectful and abusive treatment, OV is still poorly known to Italian public opinion. This study aims to investigate whether the concept of OV has been conversely assimilated in judicial decisions. A retrospective analysis was conducted to scrutinize judgments in Italy until June 2023 related to OV. The Italian legal database 'De Jure Giuffrè', which collects sentences by various Courts, and the terms 'obstetric' and 'violence' as keywords were used for the research. The full-text revision of the results (n. 41 sentences) al-lowed the selection of 5 eligible contributions covering the following issues: Informed Consent, Kristeller maneuver, Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC), Acceleration of childbirth without indication, and Episiotomy. The analysis of individual judgments was complemented by an examination of the key issues involved. The reviewed judgments frequently seemed to be grounded in technical aspects and inclined towards a predominant evaluation of childbirth outcomes. However, some encouraging aspects emerged, particularly in terms of attention to the female body, acknowledgment of consequences within the intimate-relational dimension, and a commitment to the principle of self-determination through the provision of free and informed consent. Ensuring the psychophysical well-being of women and unborn children, fostering positive interactions between pregnant women and medical staff, and actively working to reduce the grounds for litigation are among actual emerging priorities in healthcare. In this sense, fundamental elements include the implementation of continuous staff training and education as well as a focus on promoting the self-determination of women, leveraging new technologies for this purpose, and ensuring legal protection of their rights.

HEALTH LAW IMPLEMENTATION REALIZES GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT

The millennium development program (MDGs) in quality health services, including women's reproductive health, is not evenly distributed, due to poor infrastructure and the unequal quality of health services between provinces. It is hoped that Indonesian Health has succeeded in achieving most of Indonesia's MDGs targets, namely 49 of the 67 MDGs indicators can be improved. In normative juridical research, law is conceptualized as norms or rules that apply in society. Using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach in health law. There is a guarantee of a sense of security in accordance with Article 28G Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, thereby providing women's rights in accordance with the mandate given by the state and guaranteeing rights without discrimination and gender differences. There is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, which emphasizes that women's human rights are respected, then women's reproductive health rights have also been formulated by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) since 1996, namely the right to equality and freedom from all forms of discrimination. In the end, support for women's empowerment must involve many parties from politics, PUG institutions, Human Resources, Budget, Gender Analysis Tools, and Community Participation.
 Keywords: gender equality, health law, reproductive health rights

Women as Viable Actors in Conflict Resolution and Panacea to Insecurity Caused by Boko Haram Insurgence in Borno State, Nigeria

The basic objectives of this paper are to contribute to the discussion of security and the protection of women's fundamental human rights, gender and inclusion, and the relationship between gender and peace-building; to be of value for the general discussion on national insecurity, and more specifically to assist the ongoing process of achieving a lasting peace and conflict resolution in Borno state. Women living in northern Nigeria face a herculean challenge of overcoming direct and indirect violence. These include domestic violence, political instability, social inequality, and the threat of Boko Haram. Boko Haram is an extremist militant group that has been known to kidnap, rape and torture women and young girls as means of terrorizing the Nigerian community. Hence, from the beginning of the human era, women, based on their assumed tenderness, have been subjected to domestic and nurturing tasks. This is because the global society has assumed a patriarchal nature. To this end, the paper attended to basic issues of the study decolonizing and engendering conflict resolution frameworks to desired security and transformative peace, ascertaining a dynamic peace process and rights can be negotiated, protected and promoted, especially in Islamic-based societies which experience a significant political transition and sustainable peace in countries such as Afghanistan; and finally, drawing best practices to advance inclusive policies where fundamental rights are protected and to ensure women's meaningful participation in peace processes. This study adopted the social bond and feminist theory by attempting to explain the significance of women in the society. The position of the paper is that in the global society, people still think that women can do little or nothing, and it is very pervasive in Nigeria, especially when it involves issues of social development and security as perceived with regard to insecurity. This suggests that the involvement of women in the fight against insecurity and counter-terrorism in the global world has not been effectively utilized. Nigeria, just like many developing countries, does not agree with the popular parlance of 'behind every successful man, there is a woman.' The study, therefore, recommends that greater attention should be channelled toward women's involvement in the development process of fighting insecurity and strengthening national security.

Prognostic factors of first intimate partner violence among ever-married women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Gompertz gamma shared frailty modeling.

Violence against women, particularly intimate partner violence, is a significant Concern for public health as well as a violation of the human rights of women especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there was limited evidence how soon an ever-married women experience intimate partner violence in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the timing of first intimate partner violence (FIPV) among ever-married women in 30 SSA countries and to identify the risk factors of the timing. The present study has utilized 125,731 weighted samples, who participated in the domestic violence module of the survey from Demographic and Health Surveys of 30 SSA countries. The Gompertz gamma shared frailty model was fitted to determine the predictors. For model evaluation, the theta value, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and deviance were used. The Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported in the multivariable Gompertz gamma shared frailty model to highlight the strength and statistical significance of the associations. One-third (31.02%) of ever-married women had reported experiencing IPV. The overall incidence rate of FIPV was 57.68 persons per 1000 person-years (95% CI = 50.61-65.76). Age at marriage, age difference, educational status, employment, residence, women's decision-making autonomy, husband who drink alcohol and wealth status were significantly associated with the timing of FIPV. The findings show that ever-married women are at high and increasing risk of violence. Thus, we recommend establishing effective health and legal response services for IPV, strengthening laws governing the sale and purchase of alcohol, empowering women, raising the educational attainment of women, and putting policies in place to combat the culture of societal tolerance for IPV all contribute to the empowerment of women.