Human Communication Research Articles

Hardware-realized secure transceiver for human body communication in wireless body area networks

Wireless body area networks (WBANs), featuring wearable and implantable devices for collecting physiological data are increasingly critical in healthcare for enabling continuous remote monitoring, diagnostic improvements, and treatment optimization. Secure communication within WBANs is essential to protect sensitive health data from unauthorized access and manipulation. This paper introduces a novel secure digital (SD)- human body communication (HBC) Transceiver (TR) system, tailored for WBAN applications, that prioritizes security and offers significant enhancements in size, power efficiency, speed, and data transmission efficiency over current solutions. Leveraging a combination of frequency-selective (FS) digital transmission with walsh codes (WCs) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and incorporating one-round encryption and decryption modules, the system complies with the IEEE 802.15.6 standard, ensuring broad compatibility. Specifically, the QAM-based SD-HBC TR system exhibits a 4% reduction in chip area, a 7.6% increase in operating frequency, a 3.4% decrease in power consumption, a 27.5% reduction in latency, and improvements of 33% in throughput and 35.5% in efficiency. Importantly, it achieves a bit error rate (BER) of up to 10-8 , demonstrating high reliability across communication methods. This research significantly advances secure communication in WBANs, offering a promising approach for enhancing the reliability, efficiency, and security of healthcare monitoring technologies.

Effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on central carbon metabolic pathways and intercellular wireless communication networks in humans

Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases. To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication, volunteers were given low, medium, and high doses of glucose and fructose. Serum cytokines, glucose, lactate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and metabolic enzymes were assayed, and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed. The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose. Compared with glucose, low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism, significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), induced protein-10 (IP-10), and eotaxin, and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDHC). Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism, and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes. Furthermore, multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways. Therefore, excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses, allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.

Communicative efficiency in multimodal language directed at children and adults.

The ecology of human communication is face to face. In these contexts, speakers dynamically modify their communication across vocal (e.g., speaking rate) and gestural (e.g., cospeech gestures related in meaning to the content of speech) channels while speaking. What is the function of these adjustments? Here we ask whether speakers dynamically make these adjustments to increase communicative success, and decrease cognitive effort while speaking. We assess whether speakers modulate word durations and produce iconic (i.e., imagistically evoking properties of referents) gestures depending on the predictability of each word they utter. Predictability is operationalized as surprisal and computed from computational language models trained on corpora of child-directed, or adult-directed language. Using data from a novel corpus (Ecological Language Corpus) of naturalistic interactions between adult-child (aged 3-4), and adult-adult, we show that surprisal predicts speakers' multimodal adjustments and that some of these effects are modulated by whether the comprehender is a child or an adult. Thus, communicative efficiency applies generally across vocal and gestural communicative channels not being limited to structural properties of language or vocal modality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Role of Information, Education and Communication (IEC) for HIV/AIDS

Today it is impossible to think of life without communication. Human history has passed through different stages of evolution, but the present era is being described as the age of communication. Though communication is as old as human history itself, what is remarkable about the present age is the revolutionary changes in the mode of communication. There is no doubt that human communication consisting of exchange of information existed from the dawn of human civilization. Since then, the method of gathering information and the mode of transmitting the same from place to place and person to person have undergone remarkable changes. Scientific and technological advancement have also made it possible to improve methods of preserving vast quantities of information for use as and when we need them. Today what is being described as the communication revolution deals primarily with Information, Communication Technology (1CT). It affects the way we deal with data and information in three important areas: (a) gathering, (b) transmission (c) storage. The aim of the present research paper is to study the role of Information, Education and Communication for HIV/AIDS.

Parts-of-speech tagger for Sindhi language using deep neural network architecture

Language is a fundamental medium for human communication, encompassing spoken and written forms, each governed by grammatical rules. Sindhi, one of the oldest languages, is characterized by its rich morphology and grammatical structure. Part-of-speech (POS) tagging, a crucial process in natural language processing, involves assigning grammatical tags to words. This research presents a novel approach to POS tagging for Sindhi text using deep learning techniques. We developed a POS tagger employing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models, with LSTM demonstrating superior effectiveness. This study represents the first application of these deep learning methods for POS tagging in Sindhi. Utilizing fastText, we trained 79,959 Sindhi word vectors, derived from a corpus compiled from diverse sources including Sindhi books, stories, and poetry. The corpus comprises 1,459 sentences and 10,584 unique words, split into 80% for training and 20% for validation. Our results indicate that the LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 85.80%, outperforming the GRU model, which achieved 80.77%, by a margin of 5%. This work's novelty lies in the application of deep learning techniques to enhance POS tagging accuracy in the Sindhi language corpus.

Lifelong (mind) representationalism in dynamic semantics

AbstractOur point of departure is László Kálmán's system of radical anti-mainstream argumentations about such central but dubious, or at least debated, constituents and concepts of dynamic semantics as discourse representation, information state, compositionality between semantics and syntax, bridging, deferred information, and ambiguity/vagueness. We strive for pointing out that Kálmán's observations and stances concerning these fundamental, ultimate problems of pragmasemantics are worth relying upon the formal theory that is to realize the desirable purpose of creating a version of formal pragmasemantics simultaneously capable of meeting the criteria and requirements appearing in different non-logics-based/informal areas of the description of human communication and – what is behind it – thinking.

Rethinking soundscape planning for an amphitheater in rainforest setting

The quality of the acoustic environment plays a crucial role in shaping human communication and comfort within a space. This is particularly true for outdoor performance venues like amphitheatres. This study explores the potential of soundscape design to optimize acoustic comfort for audiences in the unique setting of a rainforest amphitheater. Rainforests, characterized by dense vegetation and uneven terrain, present both challenges and opportunities for acoustic design. While they may introduce unwanted background noise, the inherent properties of rainforest trees offer valuable potential for passive noise absorption. This research investigates how existing trees can be strategically integrated into the amphitheater design to utilize their natural sound-absorbing capabilities. The primary objective is to achieve a balanced soundscape that maximizes visitor comfort during performances. Initial findings suggest that strategically utilizing trees as noise buffers while preserving natural soundscape elements can be a viable approach. Furthermore, creating a diversity of dynamic sonic areas within the amphitheater appears promising in catering to individual preferences and enhancing overall acoustic comfort for the community. Ultimately, this study seeks a harmonious solution that optimizes performance acoustics for visitors while preserving the unique soundscape of the rainforest environment.

ART OF DIPLOMACY AND POLITICAL SYMBOLISM: FROM THE HISTORY OF GIFTS TO TOP STATE OFFICIALS

Gifts are an integral part of human communication, given and exchanged in various situations and transactions. At the same time, official or state gifts to top officials of the state represent a unique category of gifts. They are primarily of symbolic value, and the giving and exchange of gifts between the parties involved shapes the nature of the relationship that develops between them. Moreover, for centuries, the exchange of gifts between foreign leaders has been a tradition closely associated with the delicate work of international diplomacy. Diplomatic gifts, often formally presented during state or courtesy visits, have the potential to forge closer ties between countries. The article examines the history of one of the integral parts of the protocol practice of each state, a symbol of attention to a distinguished guest – gifts to the first persons of the state during the Soviet period and independent Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis, some features have been identified in the practice of presenting gifts based on certain traditions of a certain historical period. The article contains a previously unpublished interesting episode from the life of an ordinary Soviet citizen while his visiting the exhibition of gifts to top officials of the state, in Moscow in 1950. This excerpt from the letter clearly demonstrates what gifts were given to the heads of the state, as well as what impression they made on ordinary people. The publication of the material became possible owing to the daughter of the author of the letter, who carefully preserved and provided documents from the family archive, a veteran of archiving of the Kazakh SSR and the Republic of Kazakhstan, Elena Mikhailovna Gribanova.

Penggunaan Akun Twitter Sebagai Media Komunikasi Di Kalangan Penggemar Musik Korean HIP HOP

Social media is media created to facilitate communication for humans. Twitter is one of the social media that is currently used by many people, not only to communicate but also to write opinions, to news. Fans as a community gather online through social media Twitter. These fans are joined in a community for the presence of a brand. Indonesia is ranked 1st as a country that talks about K-Pop on Twitter the most. Apart from talking about K-Pop, Twitter users also talk about other music genres such as Korean Hip-Hop. Base on social media Twitter, is an account that accommodates people who have the same interests to share information and communicate. The purpose of this study is to find out how social media Twitter becomes a medium of communication for fans of Korean Hip-Hop music. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The data analysis technique used in this study was by conducting interviews with six informants and one triangulator. The results of the study show that through User- Generated Content it produces an active community of Korean Hip-Hop music fans on the @khhfess account. That way the role of fans on the @khhfess account is very influential in the growth of the Korean Hip-Hop community on Twitter. This proves that Twitter social media can be the right communication medium for a community to discuss and share information.

AI-based visual speech recognition towards realistic avatars and lip-reading applications in the metaverse

The metaverse, a virtually shared digital world where individuals interact, create, and explore, has witnessed rapid evolution and widespread adoption. Communication between avatars is crucial to their actions in the metaverse. Advances in natural language processing have allowed for significant progress in producing spoken conversations. Within this digital landscape, the integration of Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) powered by deep learning emerges as a transformative application. This research delves into the concept and implications of VSR in the metaverse. This study focuses on developing realistic avatars and a lip-reading application within the metaverse, utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques for visual speech recognition. Visual Speech Recognition in the metaverse refers to using deep learning techniques to comprehend and respond to spoken language, relying on the visual cues provided by users' avatars. This multidisciplinary approach combines computer vision and natural language processing, enabling avatars to understand spoken words by analyzing the movements of their lips and facial expressions. Key components encompass the collection of extensive video datasets, the employment of 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNNs) combined with ShuffleNet and Densely Connected Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks (DC-TCN) called (CFS-DCTCN) to model visual and temporal features, and the integration of contextual understanding mechanisms. The two datasets Wild (LRW) dataset and the GRID Corpus datasets are utilized to validate the proposed model. As the metaverse continues its prominence, integrating Visual Speech Recognition through deep learning represents a pivotal step towards forging immersive and dynamic virtual worlds where communication transcends physical boundaries. This paper contributes to the foundation of technology-driven metaverse development and fosters a future where digital interactions mirror the complexities of human communication. The proposed model achieves 99.5 % on LRW and 98.8 % on the GRID dataset.

Facial emotion recognition: A comprehensive review

AbstractFacial emotion recognition (FER) represents a significant outcome of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. In today's digital era, the ability to decipher emotions from facial expressions has evolved into a fundamental mode of human interaction and communication. As a result, FER has penetrated diverse domains, including but not limited to medical diagnosis, customer feedback analysis, the automation of automobile driver systems, and the evaluation of student comprehension. Furthermore, it has matured into a captivating and dynamic research field, capturing the attention and curiosity of contemporary scholars and scientists. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an exhaustive review of FER systems. Its significance goes beyond offering a comprehensive resource; it also serves as a valuable guide for emerging researchers in the FER domain. Through a meticulous examination of existing FER systems and methodologies, this review equips them with essential insights and guidance for their future research pursuits. Moreover, this comprehensive review contributes to the expansion of their knowledge base, facilitating a profound understanding of this rapidly evolving field. In a world increasingly dependent on technology for communication and interaction, the study of FER holds a pivotal role in human‐computer interaction (HCI). It not only provides valuable insights but also unlocks a multitude of possibilities for future innovations and applications. As we continue to integrate AI and facial emotion recognition into our daily lives, the importance of comprehending and enhancing FER systems becomes increasingly evident. This paper serves as a stepping stone for researchers, nurturing their involvement in this exciting and ever‐evolving field.

Sociopragmatic Underpinnings of Language Use in the Advertisement of Okrika in Nigerian Markets

Within the purview of sociolinguistics and pragmatics, language use is investigated to reveal its dimensions and motivations. The use of language in any kind of advertisement is fascinating, as it is immersed in the advertiser’s illocutionary goal(s). Different products are advertised in Nigerian markets, including okirika which is the focus of this study. In human communication, language use is informed by speaker-meanings with regard to “hearer-ends”. An analysis of “why” and “how” language is deployed in the advertisement of okirika essentially elucidates the performance of discrete speech acts from the advertiser’s end. This study hinges on two theoretical frameworks because of the unique function of each of the frameworks in the data analysis: Bach and Harnish (1979) Speech Act Theory as well as the Stance and Engagement Theory by Hyland Finnegan (1989) and Finnegan (2005). The study concludes that in the advertisement of okirika, the advertiser essentially persuades the market audience to buy the okirika by using discrete communicative strategies which include: using skillfully selected speech acts, exploring speaker-hearer shared knowledge, use of attributive adjectives, inducing panic-buying, accusation and fixing false price.

Probability And Bayesian Inference In Human Communication

This paper challenges the applicability of traditional information theory's frequentist approach to human communication, arguing that it fails to capture the unique, singular nature of communicative acts. Traditional theory, based on long-term observation and relative frequencies, overlooks the complexity and context-dependency inherent in human interactions. The objective is to redefine communication understanding through a Bayesian model that emphasises subjective probability and the critical role of beliefs and intentions. Utilising a rationalist methodology, the research conducts a qualitative analysis of theoretical concepts and prior research, proposing a new model that situates probability within the philosophy of communication. This model highlights the subjective beliefs and intentions that govern communication, challenging existing paradigms and contributing to a deeper understanding of communicative dynamics. The results reveal the limitations of the frequentist approach and demonstrate the applicability of a Bayesian perspective, advocating for a paradigm shift in communication theory towards a sender-oriented model. This shift not only challenges existing paradigms but also offers a more nuanced understanding of communication as a fundamentally human endeavour.

The Enigmatic Connection between Symbols and Thought in African Philosophy: A Journey into the Realm of Meaning and Representation

This inquiry investigates the complex relationship between symbols and thought in African philosophy. Drawing on philosophical and anthropological literature, it investigates the nature of meaning and representation in African cultures, and how symbols are employed to convey and shape human thought. Through a critical examination of various African cultural practices, such as storytelling, ritual, and art, this inquiry uncovers the intricate ways in which symbols are used to communicate and construct meaning. Furthermore, this investigation highlights the distinctive ways in which African cultures conceive of and utilize symbols, and how these practices challenge dominant Western philosophical assumptions about the nature of language, meaning, and representation. Ultimately, this inquiry provides a rich and nuanced understanding of the complex relationship between symbols and thought in African philosophy, and the broader implications of this relationship for our understanding of human cognition and communication.

Uloga Facebooka u promjenama obrazaca interpersonalne komunikacije i poimanju romantičnih odnosa

Digital technology in mass media provides a new way of transmitting information, but often does not deliver the veracity and emotional depth of information as direct human interaction does. Apart from the convergence offered by the media, information discernment through one of the digital or mass communication channels remains inferior to direct human communication. The question arises as to how social internet platforms affect relationships between women and men and the value and emotional structure of these relationships. Despite numerous studies that have dealt with the influence of social networks on the quality of communication and life of children and young people, it is evident that the question of the influence of social networks on gender relations is often neglected or considered less important. The purpose of this research was to examine the public’s perception of the alienating effects of Facebook in the area of primordial and primary social interaction between women and men as a previous communication to all other forms and types of communication. The results showed that the majority of respondents do not support the use of social networks for sexual acquaintances or emotional relationships, considering virtual communication as an insufficient substitute for real emotional contacts, which include non-verbal signs of attraction, and do not perceive them as a suitable means for engaging in emotional or erotic experiences. Although most do not consider them a threat to stable emotional relationships, they are a threat to the spiritual component and dignity of the partner and are perceived as an foundation for sexual adventures, trips and fraud.

Enhancing Multi-Agent Cooperation Through Action-Probability-Based Communication

Although communication plays a pivotal role in achieving coordinated activities in multi-agent systems, conventional approaches often involve complicated high-dimensional messages generated by deep networks. These messages are typically indecipherable to humans, are relatively costly to transmit, and require intricate encoding and decoding networks. This can pose a design limitation for the agents such as autonomous (mobile) robots. This lack of interpretability can lead to systemic issues with security and reliability. In this study, inspired by common human communication about likely actions in collaborative endeavors, we propose a novel approach in which each agent’s action probabilities are transmitted to other agents as messages, drawing inspiration from the common human practice of sharing likely actions in collaborative endeavors. Our proposed framework is referred to as communication based on action probabilities (CAP), and focuses on generating straightforward, low-dimensional, interpretable messages to support multiple agents in coordinating their activities to achieve specified cooperative goals. CAP streamlines our comprehension of the agents’ learned coordinated and cooperative behaviors and eliminates the need to use additional network models to generate messages. CAP’s network architecture is simpler than that of state-of-the-art methods, and our experimental results show that it nonetheless performed comparably, converged faster, and exhibited a lower volume of communication with better interpretability.

Investigating Student-Lecturer Interactions in EFL Classroom: A Speech Acts Analysis

Within educational settings, the exploration of signals presents enough opportunities to analyze the dynamic exchanges between teachers and students. Gaining insight into the consequences of sign usage in educational settings can improve teaching methods and foster a greater understanding of the intricacies of human communication. This study investigates the complexities of speech acts in the process of learning the English language, with a specific emphasis on illocutionary speech actions between students and lecturers. Gathering data from 24 students, who were randomly selected from a single class, was done using Searle's taxonomy of speech acts. Verbal exchanges were documented and examined utilizing pragmatic analytic methodologies. The results demonstrate a prevailing reliance on representatives, underscoring a significant focus on effective communication skills and values. Directives, which are intended to influence the activities of listeners, are commonly used, while expressives and commissives are less frequently employed. This distribution highlights the central emphasis on the exchange of knowledge and the solicitation of information or actions during classroom interactions. The novel finding of this research is the recognition of a distinct hybrid speech act that incorporates components of representatives and directions. This indicates a fresh approach where students can effectively communicate information while also influencing their peers' comprehension and actions.

The smartphone that cannot be abandoned - the phenomenon of nomophobia among students

Digital technologies are widespread and common in modern life and are a fundamental form of human communication. The smartphone, a small device that can easily fit in a pocket, makes it possible to meet many of our daily needs. Although a smartphone makes people’s life easier, it also often becomes a source of anxiety, which in the long term can negatively affect psychological well-being. There can also be other consequences of nomophobia, for example, excessive attachment to the smartphone can become the cause of a systematic reduction of the real presence of other people in our lives. In this way, communication and dialogue with another person are disrupted and may even cease to exist at all. The purpose of the research was to identify the phenomenon of nomophobia among students. Differences were sought in the severity of nomophobia by gender, type of sport practised (individual versus team), taking up or not taking up professional activity, and correlations between the individual dimensions of nomophobia. A total of 102 students at the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw studying Sport participated in the study, including 23 women and 79 men. The average age of the students was 19.3 years. There were 80 people in the study group who practise sport. The average training experience was 8.5 years. The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) (Yildirim, Correia, 2015) was used to collect empirical data. Gender differences were observed in terms of the overall nomophobia rate and one of its dimensions, which is the inability to communicate. Significantly higher scores were obtained by the female students surveyed. Factors that do not differentiate the severity of nomophobia among the students surveyed are: the type of sport played (individual versus team), taking up or not taking up a job. There are positive correlations between the individual dimensions of nomophobia.

Cyberculture/Cyberspace as a Mode of Transmission of Cultures, Identities and Power Relations: A Theoretical Perspective

The sweeping rise of new technologies has allowed for the normalization of digital tools and devices as powerful modes of communication and transmission of cultures, lifestyles, languages, texts, and power relations. Communication has definitely and irreversibly taken on a new turn/trajectory in cyberspace, where people have transferred their offline activities, experiences, interactions, and socialization. Cyberspace is a vast, open, and malleable space that gives momentum to human communication and velocity to the multi-layered process of transmission. Cyberspace, as an electronic and digital landscape, is widely used to create, share, and transmit information. It also contributes to storing information to enhance and extend human memory. The power dynamics of cyberspace manifest in its ability to extend human memory, empower communication, and globalize transmission. The fluid and constantly streaming aspect of cyberspace allows the free flow of ideas, texts, artefacts, knowledge, narratives, arts, cultural heritage, and identities, to cite but a few. By subsuming all these social, cultural, and epistemological actions, cyberspace has fostered a new culture, cyberculture. The French scholar Pierre Lévy defines cyberculture “as a set of material and intellectual techniques: practices, attitudes, modes of thinking and values that have developed alongside the growth of cyberspace. Understood as a synonym for ‘network,’ cyberculture offers a new medium of communication…” (Qtd. in Teixeira et al, 2017). Cyberspace provides multiple virtual platforms where various forms of culture are being stored and transmitted. Both cyberspace and cyberculture have become new digital paradigms that could be conceptualized as semiotic signifiers of the new society, hosting collective intelligence and providing electronic venues/spaces to empower/sustain local cultures and identities. The fact that cyberspace combines audio-visual, textual, and graphic materials can amply facilitate the transmission and the development of local and national cultures, oral or written. This paper is, then, a theoretical attempt at showcasing the potential of cyberspace and cyberculture to communicate, transmit, and empower local and national cultures and identities through the multiple platforms that digital technologies offer to the new society, which, at the same time, could reflect power relations.

Assessment of the impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) on intercultural communication among postgraduate students in a multicultural university environment

Artificial intelligence (AI) broadly influences different aspects of human life, especially human communication. One of the main concerns of the broad use of AI in daily interactions among different people could be whether it helps them interact easily or complicates their interactions. To answer the mentioned question, this study assessed the impacts of AI on intercultural communication among postgraduate students in a multicultural university environment. A newly developed survey instrument was used to conduct this study. The participants of this study were 115 postgraduate students from nine different countries. The descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and Bivariate correlation tests of the 29th version of IBM-SPSS software were used to analyze the quantitative data, and inductive coding and conceptual content analysis were used to code and analyze the qualitative data. Based on descriptive results, the vast majority (93%) of the participants already used and experienced AI in their daily lives, and the majority of them believed that AI and AI technologies connect different cultures, reduce language and cultural barriers, and help people of different cultures to interact and be connected. Based on the results from the correlation test, there were strong positive correlations between AI attitudes and AI benefits, and also between AI regulation and AI benefits.