HP Pump Research Articles

Economic Viability of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Comparative Life Cycle Cost Analysis with Diesel and Electric Pumps

In the present scenario viability of an irrigation pump is of extreme significance to set up it and get the sought after output in a more economic and better way. In this study investigation has been done about the economic viability of solar irrigation pump against the diesel and electric irrigation pump through the life cycle cost analysis. In LCC analysis, capital cost, future maintenance cost and replacement cost are converted to present worth value considering inflation rate and discount rate during its total life cycle. Annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar irrigation pump has been further compared with grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. The results revealed that the annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of solar irrigation pump is lower than grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. E.g., The ALCC of solar irrigation pump was estimated at 12383/year and 15435/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pump respectively, which is significantly leave behind electric pumps, which boast ALCC figures of 61641/year and 82371/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pumps. In the same way, when related to diesel irrigation pumps with ALCC values of 85891/year and 136088/year for 3 HP and 5 HP pumps respectively, the economic superiority of solar irrigation pumps becomes abundantly clear. . It has also been observed that the capital cost for solar irrigation pump is higher than grid connected electric and diesel irrigation pump. However, the maintenance cost and replacement cost are lower in case of solar. The comparison shows that the solar irrigation pump was more viable than the connected electric and diesel irrigation pump.

Energy consumption as a proxy to estimate groundwater abstraction in irrigation

Groundwater irrigated agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global groundwater withdrawals and around 38% of the total irrigated area. The indiscriminate use of groundwater has resulted in the depletion of groundwater resources across many regions globally. To ensure sustainable use, it is imperative to limit abstraction to within the average annual recharge rate. However, in agricultural systems in many developing countries, including India, where millions of smallholder farmers use individual wells for pumping, monitoring, and reliable data are lacking. This study proposes an energy-based approach to estimate groundwater abstraction, providing a low-cost method for deriving estimates of moderate accuracy. The research focuses on two areas with contrasting aquifer conditions in Gujarat, India: one alluvial and one hard rock. Using pump and well data, a conversion factor (CF) relating to the volume of water abstracted per unit of energy consumed is determined. In hard rock aquifers, the conversion factor decreases from an average of 6.0 m³ kWh−1 for 3 HP pumps to 4.7 m³ kWh−1 for 7.5 HP pumps. In alluvial aquifers characterized by higher aquifer transmissivity and flow rates, the conversion factor decreases from an average of 9.4 m³ kWh−1 for 10 HP pumps to 4.7 m³ kWh− 1 for 20 HP pumps. The developed relationship shows that CF is related to factors such as pump horsepower, well characteristics, groundwater levels, and pump age. The CF relationship with pump and well characteristics is more robust (R2 ∼ 0.75) in alluvial aquifers compared to the hard rock aquifer (R2 ∼ 0.49). The developed models provide satisfactory estimates of groundwater abstraction, with R2 ∼ 0.92 for alluvial aquifers and ∼0.69 for hard rock aquifers, as compared to observed data on groundwater abstraction. This energy-based approach offers a cost-effective means of monitoring groundwater abstraction, particularly crucial in regions with heavily developed groundwater resources.

Perancangan Panel Pompa 2 HP dengan Metode Pengasutan Direct On Line di PT. Tiga Kreasi Indonesia

Electrical energy is the main energy required for electrical equipment, to distribute this electrical energy requires an electrical panel. PT. Tiga Kreasi Indonesia is a company engaged in the manufacture of electrical panels with one of its products being a 2 HP pump panel which functions to activate and control a pump. This research uses observation method and literature study. The data collection method in this study was a direct observation system and literature study. The design process for the 2 HP pump panel has several stages, such as preparing the panel box first to place the appropriate components in the panel box construction drawings, then preparing a single line diagram and wiring drawings to serve as a reference to be connected between components, then preparing the components used, then arranging the components in the panel box match those in the panel box construction, then they are connected between the components according to the reference picture in the single line diagram and wiring diagram. Then simulate whether the DOL circuit is functioning, and the result is that the DOL circuit is functioning.

Water Supply System for a Rural Village in Malaysia

The aim of this research was to design and build a water supply system for a village in rural Malaysia.  Very often technologies previously developed for water supply are not known or specifically upgraded to suit a particular population (or village).  This has resulted in 600 million humans still living in abject poverty.  Companies can be called in to develop water supply systems but too often their profit motive will make the project inviably expensive.  This project was accomplished with a very tight research grant, lots of trial and error and engineering knowledge.  The village is located 103 kilometers from Kuching.  The final system is a 3Ø, 4 HP pump placed on a floatable wooden barge near the river pushing water up 120m over an elevation of 9m to a Pump House located behind the Community Hall of the village.  Another 3Ø, 1 HP pump is used to pump water from the 9000L holding tank to the 38 individual homes of the village.  Upon achieving a supply of water, other aspects of developing the village using modern technology was worked upon.  This will enable villagers to get out of the poverty trap and approach life with renewed confidence.

Water Supply System for a Rural Village in Malaysia

The aim of this research was to design and build a water supply system for a village in rural Malaysia.  Very often technologies previously developed for water supply are not known or specifically upgraded to suit a particular population (or village).  This has resulted in 600 million humans still living in abject poverty.  Companies can be called in to develop water supply systems but too often their profit motive will make the project inviably expensive.  This project was accomplished with a very tight research grant, lots of trial and error and engineering knowledge.  The village is located 103 kilometers from Kuching.  The final system is a 3Ø, 4 HP pump placed on a floatable wooden barge near the river pushing water up 120m over an elevation of 9m to a Pump House located behind the Community Hall of the village.  Another 3Ø, 1 HP pump is used to pump water from the 9000L holding tank to the 38 individual homes of the village.  Upon achieving a supply of water, other aspects of developing the village using modern technology was worked upon.  This will enable villagers to get out of the poverty trap and approach life with renewed confidence.

Diseño e implementación de un sistema de tratamiento de agua aplicando radiación ultravioleta (UV) alimentada con energía fotovoltaica

The objective of this research study was to design and implement a water treatment system using ultraviolet radiation (UV) produced with photovoltaic panels. This system would be able to satisfy the needs of residents who do not have drinking water and live in rural areas. The design begins with the evaluation of the energy demand required for the ultraviolet light lamp and the water pump, which are powered by the photovoltaic panel. The system consists of a tank for water collection, a 0.5 HP pump, a pre-filter and a filter for sediments, an activated carbon filter, a UV-C light lamp and a storage tank. Mandatory control parameters according to DIGESA were evaluated such as pH, color, turbidity, thermotolerant and total coliforms present in the water, before and after the treatment. The results obtained demonstrate that the system works efficiently. The observed values ​​were lower than the maximum permissible limits for the physicochemical and microbiological analysis. For total and thermotolerant coliforms, 0 CFU / 100 mL were found, demonstrating that UV-C radiation completely eliminates the microorganisms present in water.

Desalination and energy consumption. What can we expect in the near future?

Desalination technologies have become necessary tools for hydrological planning, along with conventional water resources.One of the main barriers to extend desalination is higher water costs, which are seriously influenced by energy consumption (represents >50–60% of total costs).This paper takes into account relevant energy and desalination aspects and different available technologies.This work focuses mainly on reverse osmosis, which is the most widely used technology. It also considers aspects like major consumers and their contribution to overall. The configuration of HP pumps, membranes and ERDs is explored, as is what we can expect in the future, while we bear in mind that we are currently very close to reaching the thermodynamic limits for energy consumption.Special dedication will be taken to renewable energies and how they can be combined with desalination to produce more efficient systems, though not necessarily directly coupled to desalination plants.How to choose the most adequate energy rates and the production plus storage combination is another important consideration to optimize energy costs. An adequate production management strategy can significantly reduce the cost of water.To conclude, emerging technologies are analyzed, by looking at all the possible improvements and potential generated uses.

Novel Approach for Heating/Cooling Systems for Buildings Based on Photovoltaic-heat Pump: Concept and Evaluation

Abstract The paper presents the complete results regarding the energy performance and reliability of a new heating/cooling system designed and developed around an economic and ecological concept: self-consume a maximum amount of energy produced by solar photovoltaic panels. To achieve this goal, a unique regulation system which takes advantage of each kW produced by the PV system was developed and implemented. This technology, compared to a conventional system, increases the performance coefficient for the HP, as well as for the overall installation. These improvements are justified by the accurate regulation of different components of the installation - power modulation of the HP and circulation pumps- and by use of photovoltaic panels allowing a reduction of the electrical energy consumed from the grid. To quantify the contribution of the new system, the energyefficiency was establishedfor the 2 cases: with and without solar PV panels. The results indicate that new system provides a significant gain in performance. This new technology, HP directly driven by PV, produces significant annual improvement compared with a conventional heating system, HP, of 22%.

Demonstration of an energy recovery device well suited for modular community-based seawater desalination systems: Result of Danfoss iSAVE 21 testing

The option of building smaller, decentralized plants is more feasible now that HP pumps and energy recovery devices (ERD) are available for use in small-scale seawater desalination plants with efficiencies comparable to those typically associated with larger plants. A demonstration SWRO system producing 125 cubic meters of product water per day was designed and commissioned utilizing the Danfoss iSave 21 energy recovery device. The desalination subsystem utilizes an inter-staged membrane configuration, low flux, and low recovery design to reduce specific energy consumption, fouling potential, and membrane cleaning requirements. Test results show that a specific energy consumption lower than 2 kWh/m3 is easily achievable utilizing standard components, and that the improved second-generation iSave 21 unit has significantly lower lubrication flows than the previous model.

The role of SWRO Barcelona-Llobregat Plant in the water supply system of Barcelona Area

Barcelona-Llobregat Desalination Plant is actually the largest seawater desalination plant in Europe producing potable water from the seawater of the Mediterranean Sea. The plant is able to supply approximately the 20% of tap water of Barcelona Metropolitan area having a maximum capacity of 200,000 cubic meters per day. This project was developed by Aigües Ter-Llobregat, public company of the Catalonian Government (Generalitat of Catalonian) to face the lack of water resources and to improve the water quality in Barcelona’s south area. A Joint Venture of Degrémont, Aigües de Barcelona and Dragados-Drace built the plant during a severe drought period in a extremely tight delivery time of 24 months. The plant was inaugurated on July 2009 and from this date the same JV is operating it. Barcelona-Llobregat SWRO plant won the Global Water Awards 2010 as the Desalination Plant of the year. A pilot plant was operating for two years to help in design and for getting experience with Mediterranean seawater. The facilities are located in El Prat, an industrial area between Barcelona Harbour and Llobregat mouth, just close to one of the waste water treatment plants of Barcelona, DepurBaix. A deep intake located 2 km offshore feed the plant avoiding the Llobregat river impact, especially for heavy rain period, and the harbour leaks. Sea water is pumped for more than three and a half km, crossing the river through an underground pipe. A very strong pre-treatment protect reverse osmosis (RO) membranes: a set of 10 SeaDAF®, high speed floatators, is the first step followed by 20 Mediazur® gravity filters and 20 SeaClean® pressurized dual media filters. The polishing is guaranteed by 18 cartridge filters of 5 microns. The silt density index15 of pretreated seawater is always below 3.0%/min, with an average of less than 2.5. Ten RO trains with a unitary production over 20,000 m3/day are fed by individual HP pumps and the energy recovery is assured by a set of 23 PX220 per train. A partial second pass guarantees a boron concentration in treated water below 1.0 mg/l (two trains of 16,500 m3/day). Remineralization is made with CO2 and upflow limestone filters with an innovative design. Potable water is pumped over 12 km to Fontsanta reservoirs to be blended with waters coming from two potable water plants, one with electrodialysis reversal treatment. Brine have an innovative treatment: it is blended with treated water from DepurBaix waste water treatment plant in a ratio lower than 1:1 and discharged through diffusers at 50 m depth to more than 3 km from intake. All effluents are treated before discharge and the plant has sludge treatment. The plant has increased the “green label” adding a wind generator and photovoltaic panels in the building roofs to minimize the electric internal consumption. The operational criteria and managing water production is another important chapter, because it takes into account all available resources. The paper will describe:–several innovative details of the plant and the construction;–the construction and operation feedback;–the criteria to decide the production of the plant;–the follow-up of main parameters of seawater and plant;–the real energy consumption in the different stages;–results of pre-treatment, RO trains and post-treatment from the first two years of operation;–and the integration of the plant in the regional water supply system, considering the principal factors:•Volume storage in the dams.•The operation of the drinking water plants.•The pluviometry and the climate predictions.•The regional water supply planning. The rest of the available resources (ground water, etc.).

Performance Test of Pump Combination Between Normetex 15 Scroll and MB 601 Pumps

The tritium compatible pumps are applied to the transportation of the fuel gases in the nuclear fusion power plant. Based on the limitations to handle the tritium gas, the development of the tritium compatible pumps is restricted and the information of those is not well-known. Through Normetex scroll and metal bellows pumps, which are utilized in the tritium facility in the world, are famous tritium compatible pumps, the information has the limitations for the capability of those. It is needed to evaluate the performance of those experimentally.The non-destructive characteristics evaluation system for dry vacuum pump is utilized for the performance tests of the MB 601 HP and the combination of the Normetex 15 scroll and the MB 601 HP pumps. Nitrogen and helium gases are applied for the performance tests. In the case of the MB 601 HP, significant dependency is found on gas species: the test on the pumping speeds with using nitrogen shows the similar result with the catalogue data but the different behavior with using helium gas. In the case of the combination of the Normetex 15 scroll and the MB 601 HP pumps, however, it is observed that the effect of the species of gases is reduced.

New CCS system integration with CO2 carrier and liquefaction process

Abstract For most CCS projects, captured CO2 is transported by pipeline, in contrast to shipping it, which has only been introduced as a secondary option for long distances and small amounts. This paper provides some possible alternatives to reduce the total cost of CCS through CO2 shipping. The benefits of HP pump in power consumption is considered and a new total CCS chain is suggested, which can be divided into capture, liquefaction (or compression to supercritical fluid), transport by ship, compression by HP pump, and storage. With a highly efficient liquefaction process, CO2 shipping costs can be reduced under a new total CCS chain. The results of our study show that an optimal size needs to be adopted for each CCS project, enabling CO2 shipping to be more cost efficient. DSME has developed a concept design for a large CO2 carrier that has the potential to be more cost-effective than conventional transport. Therefore, CO2 transport by ship should now be seriously re-considered as an effective transport method on a project-by-project basis.

The Effect of Paddle Number and Immersed Radius Ratio on Water Wheel Performance

Abstract This paper aimed to study the effect of paddle number and immersed radius ratio on water wheel performance. The water wheel models were tested for their performances in water channel. 3 HP pump was used to circulate the water with the velocity in the channel of 0.3 m/s. The torque load was varied and the rotational speed was measured then the maximum power was determined for each water wheel model. The paddle number was varied from 6 to 12. The immersed radius was varied from 0.05 to 0.15 m when the whole radius of water wheel was fixed at 0.20 m in order to obtain the immersed radius ratio of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75. From the result, it was found that the highest performance occurred when the paddle number was 6 and the immersed radius ratio was 0.5. The torque load at the maximum power depended on the immersed radius ratio. And at the same immersed radius ratio, the 6, 8 and 12 paddle number water wheel models had the same torque load at the maximum power.

HP pumps crucial to glass container process

High-pressure pumps supplying de-mineralized water through diaphragm heads, with plunger heads providing the coating agent, is the successful solution for a new centralized cold-end glass coating system. Bran+Luebbe GmbH's Matthias Kunert reports on this process, made possible by using a flexible building block approach to horizontal or vertical multi-headed pump design.

Effects of the thermal heterogeneity of the column on chromatographic results

The influence of the thermal heterogeneity of HPLC columns on retention data was investigated. The retention factor of the retained compound phenol was measured at 24 increasing values of the flow rate, from 0.025 to 4.9 mL/min, on six different packing materials prepared with the same batch of silica particles (5 μ m diameter, 90 Å pore size). One column was packed with the neat silica particles, another with the silica endcapped with trimethylchlorosilane (TMS)(C 1, 3.92 μ mol/m 2), and the other four with silica first derivatized with octadecyl-dimethyl-chlorosilane (C 18, 0.42, 1.01, 2.03, and 3.15 μ mol/m 2), and second endcapped with TMS. Four different sources of heat contributing to raise the column temperature were considered: (1) the heat supplied by the hot high-pressure pump chamber to the solvent; (2) the adiabatic ( d S = 0 ) compression of the solvent in the high-pressure pump; (3) the isenthalpic ( d H = 0 ) decompression of the solvent during its migration along the porous chromatographic bed; and (4) the heat released by the friction of the solvent percolating through the column bed. The main contributions appear to be the heat supplied to the solvent by the HP pump and the friction heat. The average column temperature (ACT) was indirectly derived from the measurements of the first moment, μ 1 , of phenol peak, of the column pressure drop, Δ P , and of the retention factors of the phenol peak apices as a function of the flow rate applied. If the column is placed in a still-air bath at 298 K (and its temperature is not externally controlled), a longitudinal temperature gradient is established along the column and the average column temperature is about 6 K higher when this column is operated at 4.9 mL/min than when the flow rate is only 0.025 mL/min. If the column is placed in a heated air bath (temperature controlled at 316 or 338 K), the ACT changes by less than 3 K over the whole flow rate range applied.

High-temperature fuel cells for fresh water production

This paper analyzes different configurations in which fuel cells provide electricity to a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plant, and heat is recovered via a heat exchanger pre-heating the input seawater to feed both a multistage flash (MSF) unit and a RO unit. The energetic and economic results of different hybrid configurations with molten carbonate and solid oxide fuel cells are studied and compared. Depending on the efficiency of the different parts of the fuel cell (FC) system, the fuel utilization, the type and size of fuel cell, the internal configuration of the fuel cell stack, the integration of the internal processes in the FC plant as well as the integration of the fuel cell with the desalination technologies, the amount of generated power and heat will significantly vary. Among the different possibilities of integration the scheme of preheating feed water to RO membranes, in order to improve its productivity, or alternatively, reduce the HP pump consumption are particularly interesting.

Material selection for A 2000 HP pump shaft

A case study is presented about the proper material selection for a 2000 HP pump's shaft as an engineering consultation for the Dead Sea Works, Sdom, Israel. The approach adopted by the materials engineer is explained. The details of the mechanical analysis and the material analysis are given, that led to a first selection of steels. Service considerations where then examined. After the final decision was made about the material selection, manufacturing specifications have been elaborated. The scope of this work serves as a case study in an undergraduate course in Materials Engineering.

Viabilidade do uso de herbicidas em mistura com vinhaça para o controle de plantas daninhas em soqueiras de cana-de-açucar

No presente estudo comparou-se a aplicação de herbicidas em mistura com vinhaça, com aplicação pelo sistema convencional, em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar. Os herbicidas usados foram oryzalin, diuron, 2,4 -D, ametryne e tebuthiuron. A aplicação em mistura com vinhaça foi feita com caminhão-tanque com capacidade para 7000 litros, provido com uma barra de distribuição de vazão controlada. A dose de aplicação foi de 25.000 1/ha. A distribuição dos herbicidas com equipamento convencional foi feita com pulverizador John Bean», provido com 16 bicos «Teeject» 110.04, trabalhando com pressão de 1,4 kg/cm². Usou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Pelos resultados obtidos constatou-se que, à exceção do diuron, os demais herbicidas não foram prejudicados quando aplicados com vinhaça. O 2,4-D e a ametryne melhoraram a sua ação no controle de plantas daninhas e seu efeito residual aumentou, quando aplicados em mistura com vinhaça. O tebuthiuron e o oryzalin apresentaram comportamento semelhante no controle das plantas daninhas, nos dois sistemas de aplicação. O diuron aplicado em mistura com vinhaça apresentou resultados altamente negativos no controle das planta daninhas.