Host System Research Articles

Optical, thermal, and structural properties of Er3+ incorporated double perovskite Ca2MgWO6 phosphors

Novel Ca2MgWO6 phosphors doped with xEr3+ (x = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mol%) were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. Using XRD and FTIR analyses, successful product formation was confirmed. Subsequently, the phosphor was optimized by focusing on the characteristic emission peak at 529 nm, arising from the transition 2H11/2 → 4I15/2. The optimal concentration of Er³⁺ for the given host system was determined to be 2 mol%. Meticulous analyses revealed that the optimized phosphor possessed a direct optical band gap of 3.68 eV and the bonding parameter confirmed that the nature of bonding was ionic nature between the dopant and the host. Furthermore, phosphor also demonstrated high thermal stability up to 500 °C, excellent thermal quenching temperature of 357.43 K, and anomalous temperature-dependent emission properties. All these incredible features make the prepared phosphor a promising candidate for multifield applications like light generation, temperature sensing, etc.

Social environment influences microbiota and potentially pathogenic bacterial communities on the skin of developing birds

BackgroundAnimal bacterial symbionts are established early in life, either through vertical transmission and/or by horizontal transmission from both the physical and the social environment, such as direct contact with con- or heterospecifics. The social environment particularly can influence the acquisition of both mutualistic and pathogenic bacteria, with consequences for the stability of symbiotic communities. However, segregating the effects of the shared physical environment from those of the social interactions is challenging, limiting our current knowledge on the role of the social environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild animals. Here, we take advantage of the avian brood-parasite system of Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) and great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius) to explore how the interspecific social environment (magpie nestlings developing with or without heterospecifics) affects bacterial communities on uropygial gland skin.ResultsWe demonstrated interspecific differences in bacterial community compositions in members of the two species when growing up in monospecific nests. However, the bacterial community of magpies in heterospecific nests was richer, more diverse, and more similar to their cuckoo nest-mates than when growing up in monospecific nests. These patterns were alike for the subset of microbes that could be considered core, but when looking at the subset of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera, cuckoo presence reduced the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera on magpies.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the role of social interactions in shaping the assembly of the avian skin bacterial communities during the nestling period, as exemplified in a brood parasite—host system.

IoT Systems Based Microgrid: A Review

Smart microgrids, as the foundations of the future smart grid, combine distinct Internet of Things (IoT) designs and technologies for applications that are designed to create, regulate, monitor, and protect the microgrid (MG), particularly as the IoT develops and evolves on a daily basis. A smart MG is a small grid that may operate individually or in tandem with the electric grid, and it is ideal for institutional, commercial, and industrial consumers, as well as urban and rural societies. A MG can operate in two methods (stand-alone and grid-connected), with the ability to transition between modes due to local grid faults, planned maintenance, expansions, deficits and failures in the host system, and other factors. Energy storage is the process of storing and converting energy that can be used for a variety of purposes, including voltage and frequency management, power backup, and cost optimization. IoT is designed to deliver solutions for optimal energy management, security protocols, control methods, and applications in the MG, with numerous distributed energy resources (DER) and interconnected loads. The use of IoT architecture for MG operations and controls is discussed in this research. With the use of power grid equipment and IoT-enabled technology

CHO cell engineering via targeted integration of circular miR-21 decoy using CRISPR/RMCE hybrid system.

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, widely acknowledged as the preferred host system for industrial recombinant protein manufacturing, play a crucial role in developing pharmaceuticals, including anticancer therapeutics. Nevertheless, mammalian cell-based biopharmaceutical production methods are still beset by cellular constraints such as limited growth and poor productivity. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has a major impact on a variety of malignancies, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, reduced productivity and growth rate have been linked to miR-21 overexpression in CHO cells. The current study aimed to engineer a recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell using the CRISPR-mediated precise integration into target chromosome (CRIS-PITCh) system coupled with the Bxb1 recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) to express a circular miR-21 decoy (CM21D) with five bulged binding sites for miR-21 sponging. Implementing the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery method, a landing pad was inserted into the genome utilizing the CRIS-PITCh technique. Subsequently, the CM21D cassette flanked by Bxb1 attB was then retargeted into the integrated landing pad using the RMCE/Bxb1 system. This strategy raised the targeting efficiency by 1.7-fold, and off-target effects were decreased. The miR-21 target genes (Pdcd4 and Atp11b) noticed a significant increase in expression upon the miR-21 sponging through CM21D. Following the expression of CM21D, rCHO cells showed a substantial decrease in doubling time and a 1.3-fold increase in growth rate. Further analysis showed an increased yield of hrsACE2, a secretory recombinant protein, by 2.06-fold. Hence, we can conclude that sponging-induced inhibitionof miR-21 may lead to a growth rate increase that could be linked to increased CHO cell productivity. For industrial cell lines, including CHO cells, an increase in productivity is crucial. The results of our research indicate that CM21D is an auspicious CHO engineering approach. KEY POINTS: • CHO is an ideal host cell line for producing industrial therapeutics manufacturing, and miR-21 is downregulated in CHO cells, which produce recombinant proteins. • The miR-21 target genes noticed a significant increase in expression upon the miR-21 sponging through CM21D. Additionally, sponging of miR-21 by CM21D enhanced the growth rate of CHO cells. • Productivity and growth rate were increased in CHO cells expressing recombinant hrs-ACE2 protein after CM21D knocking in.

Ab‐HIDS: An anomaly‐based host intrusion detection system using frequency of N‐gram system call features and ensemble learning for containerized environment

SummaryCloud's operating‐system‐level virtualization has introduced a new phase of lightweight virtualization through containers. The architecture of cloud‐native and microservices‐based application development strongly advocates for the use of containers due to their swift and convenient deployment capabilities. However, the security of applications within containers is important, as malicious or vulnerable content could jeopardize the container and the host system. This vulnerability also extends to neighboring containers and may compromise data integrity and confidentiality. The article focuses on developing an intrusion detection system tailored to containerized cloud environments by identifying system call analysis techniques and also proposes an anomaly‐based host intrusion detection system (Ab‐HIDS). This system employs the frequency of N‐grams system calls as distinctive features. To enhance performance, two ensemble learning models, namely voting‐based ensemble learning and XGBoost ensemble learning, are employed for training and testing the data. The proposed system is evaluated using the Leipzig Intrusion Detection Data Set (LID‐DS), demonstrating substantial performance compared to existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. Ab‐HIDS is validated for class imbalance using the imbalance ratio and synthetic minority over‐sampling technique methods. Our system achieved significant improvements in detection accuracy with 4% increase for the voting‐based ensemble model and 6% increase for the XGBoost ensemble model. Additionally, we observed reductions in the false positive rate by 0.9% and 0.8% for these models, respectively, compared to existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. These results illustrate the potential of our proposed approach in improving security measures within containerized environments.

Insulating Polymer Mediated Stability and Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells: Influence of Molecular Weight

AbstractInsulating polymers are promising components for constructing high performance organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their advantages including low cost, excellent mechanical properties, and feasibility in morphology modulation. However, few studies have been conducted on the effect of molecular weight of insulating polymers on the performance of the corresponding OSCs. In this work, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with different molecular weight (named as PMMAL and PMMAH) are incorporated into a range of polymer:nonfullerene photovoltaic systems. It is found that although both PMMAL and PMMAH can suppress the energetic disorder and the nonradiative energy loss, and lead to enhanced open‐circuit voltage in their corresponding OSCs, distinct mechanical property, operational stability as well as photovoltaic performance are observed. PMMAL can modulate the molecular packing of the host components more effectively due to its superior chain segment mobility during the film‐forming process, which can drive the host components to form more ordered molecular packing and therefore superior photovoltaic performance. On the other hand, due to the better miscibility of PMMAH with the host system, especially the C5‐16 acceptor, PMMAH can be well dispersed in the host and form a stable framework that provides superior mechanical properties and operational stability.

Suppressing the side reactions of pregnenolone acetylation in transgenic yeast using competitive inhibition and optimal vector‒host system

Suppressing the side reactions of pregnenolone acetylation in transgenic yeast using competitive inhibition and optimal vector‒host system

Evaluation of the adjuvant effect of imiquimod and CpG ODN 1826 in chimeric DNA vaccine against Japanese encephalitis

Vaccines represent a significant milestone in the history of human medical science and serve as the primary means for controlling infectious diseases. In recent years, the geographical distribution of Japanese encephalitis viruses (JEV) of various genotypes has become increasingly complex, which provides a rationale for the development of safer and more effective vaccines. The advent of subunit and nucleic acid vaccines, especially propelled by advancements in genetic engineering since the 1980s, has accelerated the application of novel adjuvants. These novel vaccine adjuvants have diversified into toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, complex adjuvants, nanoparticles and so on. However, the efficacy of adjuvant combinations can vary depending on the host system, disease model, or vaccine formulation, sometimes resulting in competitive or counteractive effects. In our previous study, we constructed a pJME-LC3 chimeric DNA vaccine aimed at inducing an immune response through autophagy induction. Building on this, we investigated the impact of the TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) and the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN 1826 as adjuvants on the immunogenicity of the Japanese encephalitis chimeric DNA vaccine. Our findings indicate that the combination of the pJME-LC3 vaccine with IMQ and CpG ODN 1826 adjuvants enhanced the innate immune response, promoting the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells in the early immune response. Furthermore, it played a regulatory and optimizing role in subsequent antigen-specific immune responses, resulting in effective cellular and humoral immunity and providing prolonged immune protection. The synergistic effect of IMQ and CpG ODN 1826 as adjuvants offers a novel approach for the development of Japanese encephalitis nucleic acid vaccines.

High-Detectivity All-Polymer Photodiode Empowers Smart Vitality Surveillance and Computational Imaging Rivaling Silicon Diodes.

Near-infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors (OPDs), particularly all-polymer-based ones, hold substantial commercial promise in the healthcare and imaging sectors. However, the process of optimizing their active layer composition to achieve highly competitive figures of merit lacks a clear direction and methodology. In this work, celebrity polymer acceptor PY-IT into a more NIR absorbing host system PBDB-T:PZF-V, to significantly enhance the photodetection competence, is introduced. The refined all-polymer ternary broadband photodetector demonstrates superior performance metrics, including experimentally measured noise current as low as 6 fA Hz-1/2, specific detectivity reaching 8×1012 Jones, linear dynamic range (LDR) of 145 dB, and swift response speed surpassing 200 kHz, striking a fair balance between sensitivity and response speed. Comprehensive morphological and photophysical characterizations elucidate the mechanisms behind the observed performance enhancements in this study, which include reduced trap density, enhanced charge transport, diminished charge recombination, and balanced electron/hole mobilities. Moreover, the practical deployment potential of the proof-of-concept device in self-powered mode is demonstrated through their application in a machine learning-based cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation system and in high-resolution computational imaging across complex environments, where they are found to quantitatively rival commercial silicon diodes.

Enhanced SWIR Light Detection in Organic Semiconductor Photodetectors through Up-Conversion of Mid-Gap Trap States.

Shortwave-infrared (SWIR) photodetectors are vital for many scientific and industrial applications including surveillance, quality control and inspection. In recent decades, photodetectors based on organic semiconductors have emerged, demonstrating potential to add real value to broadband and narrowband imaging and sensing scenarios, where factors such as thermal budget sensitivity, large area aperture necessity, cost considerations, and lightweight and conformal flexibility demands are prioritized. It is now recognized that the performance of organic photodetectors (OPDs), notably their specific detectivity, is ultimately limited by trap states, universally present in disordered semiconductors. This work adopts an approach of utilizing these mid-gap states to specifically create a SWIR photo-response. To this end, this work introduces a somewhat counter-intuitive approach of "trap-doping" in bulk heterojunction (BHJs) photodiodes, where small quantities of a guest organic molecule are intentionally incorporated into a semiconducting donor:acceptor host system. Following this approach, this work demonstrates a proof-of-concept for a visible-to-SWIR broadband OPD, approaching (and, to some extent, even exceeding) state-of-the-art performance across critical photodetector metrics. The trap-doping approach is, even though only a proof-of-concept currently, broadly applicable to various spectral windows. It represents a new modality for engineering photodetection using the unconventional strategy of turning a limitation into a feature.

HYPSTAR: a hyperspectral pointable system for terrestrial and aquatic radiometry

Optical Earth observation satellites provide vast amounts of data on a daily basis. The top-of-atmosphere radiance measured by these satellites is usually converted to bottom-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance which is then used for deriving numerous higher level products used for monitoring environmental conditions, climate change, stock of natural resources, etc. The increase of available remote sensing data impacts decision-making on both regional and global scales, and demands appropriate quality control and validation procedures. A HYperspectral Pointable System for Terrestrial and Aquatic Radiometry (HYPSTAR®) has been designed to provide automated, in-situ multiangular reflectance measurements of land and water targets. HYPSTAR-SR covers 380–1020 nm spectral range at 3 nm spectral resolution and is used at water sites. For land sites the HYPSTAR-XR variant is used with the spectral range extended to 1680 nm at 10 nm spectral resolution. The spectroradiometer has multiplexed radiance and irradiance entrances, an internal mechanical shutter, and an integrated imaging camera for capturing snapshots of the targets. The spectroradiometer is mounted on a two-axis pointing system with 360° range of free movement in both axes. The system also incorporates a stable light emitting diode as a light source, used for monitoring the stability of the radiometric calibration during the long-term unattended field deployment. Autonomous operation is managed by a host system which handles data acquisition, storage, and transmission to a central WATERHYPERNET or LANDHYPERNET server according to a pre-programmed schedule. The system is remotely accessible over the internet for configuration changes and software updates. The HYPSTAR systems have been deployed at 10 water and 11 land sites for different periods ranging from a few days to a few years. The data are automatically processed at the central servers by the HYPERNETS processor and the derived radiance, irradiance, and reflectance products with associated measurement uncertainties are distributed at the WATERHYPERNET and LANDHYPERNET data portals.

Role of Probiotic Microorganisms in the Brain Plasticity Development

Probiotics are defined as beneficial microorganisms that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis mechanisms within the host system, especially in humans. Other than homeostasis, it is also used to improve a host system's cognition, immune functions, and antioxidant levels. Over the past decades, probiotic microorganisms have been used most commonly as traditional fermented foods in our country and some parts of southeast asia. These fermented food products majorly consist of Lactobacillus species, including Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. fermentum, and L. plantarum. The present study explored the potential role of three different lactobacillus strains (L. acidophilus, L. fermentum, and L. Plantarum) in forming brain plasticity changes (BPC) with the help of a cue-based learning paradigm (CBLP). Two staged behavioral studies were conducted for all behavioral analysis groups (BAG) before (without probiotic infusions - WiPI) and after probiotic infusions (with probiotic infusions - WPI) in RBLP. Behavioral responses of the WiPI & WPI phases showed the effect of a stress-free habituated environment in developing BPC and strengthening of BPC by oral infusions of probiotic microorganisms (PM). WiPI and WPI behavioral analysis were used in this study to validate BPC in a laboratory-controlled environment. Infusion of probiotic microorganisms through oral passage may have a more significant impact on the synthesis, production, and transmission of neurotransmitter precursor compounds (NPC) from the gut to the central nervous system (CNS) through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Increased transmission of the NPC strengthens the formed plasticity changes, which results in the formation of cognitive memory functions. Thus, the present study proved that probiotic microorganisms may play a major role in cognition development through the BPC.

Fungal Disease Tolerance with a Focus on Wheat: A Review.

In this paper, an extensive review of the literature is provided examining the significance of tolerance to fungal diseases in wheat amidst the escalating global demand for wheat and threats from environmental shifts and pathogen movements. The current comprehensive reliance on agrochemicals for disease management poses risks to food safety and the environment, exacerbated by the emergence of fungicide resistance. While resistance traits in wheat can offer some protection, these traits do not guarantee the complete absence of losses during periods of vigorous or moderate disease development. Furthermore, the introduction of individual resistance genes into wheat monoculture exerts selection pressure on pathogen populations. These disadvantages can be addressed or at least mitigated with the cultivation of tolerant varieties of wheat. Research in this area has shown that certain wheat varieties, susceptible to severe infectious diseases, are still capable of achieving high yields. Through the analysis of the existing literature, this paper explores the manifestations and quantification of tolerance in wheat, discussing its implications for integrated disease management and breeding strategies. Additionally, this paper addresses the ecological and evolutionary aspects of tolerance in the pathogen-plant host system, emphasizing its potential to enhance wheat productivity and sustainability.

Insulator Polymer Matrix Construction on All-Small-Molecule Photoactive Blend Towards Extrapolated 15000 Hour T80 Stable Devices.

To boost the stability of all-small-molecule (ASM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) blends, an insulator polymer called styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as morphology stabilizer is applied into the host system of small molecules BM-ClEH:BO-4Cl. Minor addition of SEBS (1mg/ml in host solution) provides a significantly enhanced T80 value of 15000 hours (extrapolated), surpassing doping-free (0mg/ml) and heavy doping (10mg/ml) counterparts (900 hours, 30 hours). The material reproducibility and cost-effectiveness of the active layer will not be affected by this industrially available polymer, where the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be well maintained at 15.02%, which is still a decent value for non-halogen solvent-treated ASM OPV. Morphological and photophysical characterizations clearly demonstrate SEBS's pivotal effect on suppressing the degradation of donor molecules and blend film's crystallization/aggregation reorganization, which protects the exciton dynamics effectively. This work pays meaningful attention to the ASM system stability, performs a smart strategy to suppress the film morphology degradation, and releases a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of device performance reduction.

DMAD7 is a promising tool for targeted gene regulation in the methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii

The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is a popular host system for the pharmaceutical and biotechnological production of recombinant proteins. CRISPR-Cas9 and its derivative CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) offer a promising avenue to further enhance and exploit the full capabilities of this host. MAD7 and its catalytically inactive variant “dead” MAD7 (dMAD7) represent an interesting alternative to established CRISPR-Cas9 systems and are free to use for industrial and academic research. CRISPRi utilizing dMAD7 does not introduce double-strand breaks but only binds to the DNA to regulate gene expression. Here, we report the first use of dMAD7 in K. phaffii to regulate the expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). A reduction of eGFP fluorescence level (up to 88 %) was achieved in random integration experiments using dMAD7 plasmids. Integration loci/events of investigated strains were assessed through whole genome sequencing. Additionally, RNA-sequencing experiments corroborated the whole genome sequencing results and showed a significantly reduced expression of eGFP in strains containing a dMAD7 plasmid, among others. Our findings conclusively demonstrate the utility of dMAD7 in K. phaffii through successfully regulating eGFP expression.

Action and energy clustering of stellar streams in deforming Milky Way dark matter haloes

ABSTRACT We investigate the non-adiabatic effect of time-dependent deformations in the Milky Way (MW) halo potential on stellar streams. Specifically, we consider the MW’s response to the infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and how this impacts our ability to recover the spherically averaged MW mass profile from observation using stream actions. Previously, action clustering methods have only been applied to static or adiabatic MW systems to constrain the properties of the host system. We use a time-evolving MW–LMC simulation described by basis function expansions. We find that for streams with realistic observational uncertainties on shorter orbital periods and without close encounters with the LMC, e.g. GD-1, the radial action distribution is sufficiently clustered to locally recover the spherical MW mass profile across the stream radial range within a $2\sigma$ confidence interval determined using a Fisher information approach. For streams with longer orbital periods and close encounters with the LMC, e.g. Orphan–Chenab (OC), the radial action distribution disperses as the MW halo has deformed non-adiabatically. Hence, for OC streams generated in potentials that include an MW halo with any deformations, action clustering methods will fail to recover the spherical mass profile within a $2\sigma$ uncertainty. Finally, we investigate whether the clustering of stream energies can provide similar constraints. Surprisingly, we find for OC-like streams, the recovered spherically averaged mass profiles demonstrate less sensitivity to the time-dependent deformations in the potential.

Probing recombinant AAV capsid integrity and genome release after thermal stress by mass photometry

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are gaining traction as delivery vehicles for gene therapy although the molecular understanding of AAV-transgene release is still limited. Typically, the process of viral uncoating is investigated (in vitro) through thermal stress, revealing capsid disintegration at elevated temperatures. To assess the (in)stability of different empty and filled AAV preparations, we used the light-scattering-based interferometric microscopy technique of mass photometry (MP) that, on a single-particle basis, determines the molecular weight of AAVs. By introducing a heat-stable DNA plasmid as an internal standard, we quantitatively probed the impact of heat on AAVs. Generally, empty AAVs exhibited greater heat resistance than genome-filled particles. Our data also indicate that upon DNA release, the capsids do not transform into empty AAVs, but seem to aggregate or disintegrate. Strikingly, some AAVs exhibited an intermediate state with disrupted capsids but preserved bound genome, a feature that experimentally only emerged following incubation with a nuclease. Our data demonstrate that the thermal uncoating process is highly AAV specific (i.e., can be influenced by serotype, genome, host system). We argue that nuclease treatment in combination with MP can be used as an additional analytical tool for assessing structural integrity of recombinant and/or clinical AAV vectors.

A piezoelectric nonlinear energy sink shunt for vibration damping

The theoretical study and experimental validation of a nonlinear shunt circuit for piezoelectric vibration damping is investigated here. The circuit consists of a resistor, an inductor and a nonlinear cubic voltage source. The shunt acts as an electrical analog to the mechanical nonlinear energy sinks (NESs). These mechanical NESs are passive vibration absorbers that typically have a cubic nonlinear stiffness. They have attractive properties such as saturation of the host system’s vibration amplitude and strongly modulated response. This increases its operational frequency bandwidth and robustness against variations in the properties of host systems compared to linear vibration absorbers. However, the nonlinear nature may induce isolated responses in the host system that induce high vibration amplitudes. This paper investigates if these attractive properties also occur in the electric nonlinear energy sink shunt. An analytical expression for the frequency response is derived through the complexification-averaging method. Bifurcations in the frequency response reveal the occurrence of a quasi-periodic vibration energy exchange between the host system and the voltage over the electrodes of piezoelectric material. This is the main mechanism behind the amplitude saturation of the host system. Other bifurcations also reveal the existence of isolated responses. The nonlinear shunt is then realized with analog multipliers and a synthetic inductor and its performance in vibration damping is experimentally verified for a cantilever beam.

Human Skin as an Ex Vivo Model for Maintaining Mycobacterium leprae and Leprosy Studies.

The in vitro cultivation of M. leprae has not been possible since it was described as causing leprosy, and the limitation of animal models for clinical aspects makes studies on leprosy and bacteria-human host interaction a challenge. Our aim was to standardize the ex vivo skin model (hOSEC) to maintenance and study of M. leprae as an alternative animal model. Bacillary suspensions were inoculated into human skin explants and sustained in DMEM medium for 60 days. Explants were evaluated by RT-PCR-16SrRNA and cytokine gene expression. The viability and infectivity of bacilli recovered from explants (D28 and D60) were evaluated using the Shepard's model. All explants were RT-PCR-16SrRNA positive. The viability and infectivity of recovered bacilli from explants, analyzed after 5 months of inoculation in mice, showed an average positivity of 31%, with the highest positivity in the D28 groups (80%). Furthermore, our work showed different patterns in cytokine gene expression (TGF-β, IL-10, IL-8, and TNF-α) in the presence of alive or dead bacilli. Although changes can be made to improve future experiments, our results have demonstrated that it is possible to use the hOSEC to maintain M. leprae for 60 days, interacting with the host system, an important step in the development of experimental models for studies on the biology of the bacillus, its interactions, and drug susceptibility.

Host lifestyle and parasite interspecific facilitation mediate co‐infection in a species‐poor host–parasite system

Despite their important ecological role, questions remain on mechanisms structuring parasite assemblages. We present an endemic and species‐poor parasite–host system of two species of clupeid fishes Limnothrissa miodon, Stolothrissa tanganicae) and two species of monogenean parasites (Kapentagyrus, Dactylogyridae) from Lake Tanganyika as a model to study parasite distribution patterns and co‐infection dynamics in nature. We modelled spatiotemporal dynamics of parasite–host interaction using infection data along the north–south axis of Lake Tanganyika (660 km) over the course of two seasons and four years (1730 fish, 3710 parasites). We found temporal stability of parasite infection, which contrasts with previously reported seasonally driven fluctuations of fish host abundances. We found a difference in spatial structure between the parasite species which follows the contrasting dispersal pattern of their respective host species. On L. miodon, the host species that is infected by the two parasite species, we discovered a positive correlation with host body size for one parasite species, and a negative correlation for the other species. The apparent host‐size related replacement in the two parasite species infecting L. miodon contrasts with the beneficial influence that each of the parasite species has on the other. Parasites have been reported in previous studies to change habitat depending on host size/age. Differences in abundance and prevalence here reported between parasite species infecting the same host species related to the host body length further illustrate the parasites' dependence on changes in lifestyle of the host during its ontogenetic development. Also, possible mechanisms underlying the reported facilitation of infection are discussed. In conclusion, we show that in this closed, species‐poor system parasite infection dynamics are dependent on a combination of host mobility, host lifestyle changes over ontogenetic development, and interspecific interactions between parasites.