Export Of Honey Research Articles

Comparative study of physiochemical properties in Iranian multi-floral honeys: Local vs. commercial varieties

Iran, a leading honey-producing country, faces challenges in honey exports. This study aimed to evaluate the melissopalynological and physicochemical characteristics of local honeys belonging to Iranian flora, and compare them with Iranian commercial honeys. For this purpose, seven local honey samples were collected from Iran's renowned floristic regions, alongside seven commercial multi-floral honeys from a supermarket. Moisture content (MC), total solids (TS), pH, free acidity (FA), ash, electrical conductivity (EC), sugar profile, hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), diastase number (DN), and proline were assessed. The sugar profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a refractive index detector (HPLC-RID). Pollen analysis classified local honeys as multi-floral. The results revealed that MC, TS, pH, FA, ash, and EC values in both local and commercial samples conformed to approved standards (Codex Alimentarius and European Union). Two local and one commercial sample exclusively satisfied the sucrose standard level. Of the local honeys, two samples complied with HMF standard, while five fulfilled DN criterion, and four had proline values within acceptable ranges. Conversely, HMF (56.32–228.11 mg/kg), DN (3.13–7.22 Schade units/g), and proline (109.84–173.86 mg/kg) levels in all commercial samples failed to meet the standard. A significant correlation was found between ash and EC (r = 0.915, p < 0.01) in local honeys, whereas no strong correlation (r = 0.299) existed in commercial samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that Iranian honeys lacked clustering by botanical origin, possibly due to extensive sugar adulteration or thermal treatment. Overall, study findings confirmed the significantly inferior quality of Iranian commercial honeys compared to local varieties, albeit some local samples also exhibited quality concerns. Accordingly, it is recommended that regulatory bodies provide periodic training for beekeepers and establish monitoring programs to enhance honey quality, thereby boosting Iran's share in the global honey export market.

Analysis of Similarities and Differences in Beekeeping between Türkiye and European Union Countries

This study aims to determine the similarities and differences between Türkiye and European Union countries in terms of beekeeping and classify similar countries. The main materials of the study consist of the number of beehives, the number of beekeepers, the amount of honey produced, and the trade balance values of European Union countries and Türkiye. In this study, multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to reveal the similarities and differences between Türkiye and European Union countries regarding beekeeping. The analysis results indicate that Spain and Romania are the most similar countries and Türkiye and Germany significantly differ from other European Union countries regarding beekeeping. Specifically, Türkiye was differentiated from different countries by its high honey production and the number of beehives. The key characteristics that differentiated Germany from other countries were the number of beekeepers and a high trade deficit. In order to compete effectively with European Union countries in beekeeping, Türkiye should prioritize policies that encourage the export of honey in small, branded packaging.

Navigating the Honey Markets Across Europe and Africa

India ranks fourth globally in terms of honey export but the Indian honey was mainly exported to American and Asian continent consisting of over 85 per cent of total honey exported by India leaving huge untapped potential in Europe which is second largest importer of honey worldwide as well as Africa. Keeping this in mind an analysis of European and African honey market was done using secondary data and results were interpreted in excel sheet. It was found that European honey production was primarily led by Spain. The continent accounted for approximately 45 per cent of global honey imports, with Germany being the largest importer with imported value of 306674.7 thousand USD (2023). India shared less than 0.1 per cent of total European honey imports. It was also observed that Africa contributed to 10 per cent of the world's total honey output. The continent’s honey import was considerably lower than global imports. In terms of export, Egypt led African honey exports. India shared only 12 per cent of total honey imports to Africa. It was noted that both Europe and Africa presented huge untapped potential for Indian honey. It was suggested to improve post harvest management of honey for maintaining quality standards and government support for increasing exports to the continents.

ГЕОГРАФСКА КОНЦЕНТРАЦИЯ И ГЕОГРАФСКА УСТОЙЧИВОСТ НА ИЗНОСА НА ПЧЕЛЕН МЕД ОТ БЪЛГАРИЯ

The article presents the results of a study on the status and dynamics of Bulgaria’s honey exports. The period from 2007 to 2022 is covered. The geographic concentration and sustainability of exports have been determined through specific indicators. On this methodological basis, summaries of the current foreign trade situation have been made. The obtained values of the studied coefficients in the export of natural honey give reason to claim that, during the studied period, a highly concentrated geographical structure was registered in one with significant sustainability. The small number of main trade partner countries shows the vulnerability and sensitivity of export processes and the rapid transfer of potential changes in the economic situation of foreign trade partners to the country.

Status and Trends of Production and Exports of Hive Products from India

Bees have enhanced rural incomes and supported ecological and economic sustainability. This paper investigated the current status and trends concerning the production and exports of hive products in the Indian context. The trends for hive products using secondary data-based Log Linear growth models were examined. The findings of the study indicated rapid growth in the export of honey compared to the production side. Beeswax has come up as a rapidly growing export option besides honey. These products recorded significant positive growth trends. For better price realization, there is a need to enhance local consumption of honey and diversify the export destination portfolio. Consolidation on the production and marketing front, through the creation of Farmer Producer Organizations, will pave the way for effective consumer market linkages.

The Competitiveness of Ethiopian Honey in the European Union and the United Kingdom

In spite of efforts made by the government, to help the private sector, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in Africa. The agri-food sector provides 75% of jobs in Ethiopia (United States Agency for International Development, 2023). However, most agriculture products are sold unprocessed and undifferentiated. Ethiopia is regarded as a country of high potential for honey and beeswax production. Ethiopian honey production is estimated at 45,000 tonnes, however, the country is only exporting 800 tonnes (Alemu & Adesina, 2015). Some of the most promising destinations for Ethiopian honey exports include the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK). Within this context, this paper aims to critically analyse the competitiveness of the Ethiopian honey value chain in order to identify its challenges and opportunities within the EU and UK market. This study uses a qualitative research approach. Primary data were collected from stakeholders of the Ethiopian honey value chain. The results of this study indicate that Ethiopian honey could be competitive in the specialty and organic niche market. Findings have revealed that the Ethiopian honey value chain needs improvement in terms of quality, food safety, market information management and cooperation among stakeholders. The findings of this research make a contribution to the existing literature by extending current knowledge within this domain and identifying strategies to penetrate a very competitive sector.

A four-decade profile of apicultural demographics and production in New Zealand, 1980-2020.

The demand for honey and pollination services has continued to grow in many countries worldwide, including New Zealand. This has influenced changes in the demographics of the managed population of honey bees (Apis mellifera). We examined historical data to describe how the apicultural demographics in New Zealand have changed temporally and geographically in the four decades to 2020. We also describe trends in honey production and the economic value of pure honey exported from New Zealand between 2000 and 2020. Our findings suggest that commercial apiculture has been key to the intensification of beekeeping in New Zealand during the study period. This is supported by evidence showing pronounced expansion of beekeeping operations among those with more than 1,000 colonies. The intensification has resulted in the density of apiaries increasing threefold across New Zealand during the four decades. While higher numbers of colonies per area produced higher volumes of honey, there was no corresponding improvement in production efficiency. Honey yields per apiary or colony, as indicators of production efficiency, appear to decline from the mid-2000s. The volume of pure honey export increased over 40-fold, a magnitude approximately ten times higher than that of production increase. This reflects a substantial increase in returns from honey exports, mostly driven by the price of mānuka honey. Our findings add to a pool of information to support evidence-based decision making to enhance honey bee health and develop the apicultural industry in New Zealand.

STUDY OF BIODIVERSITY IN PRESERVING THE PRODUCTION AND MARKET POTENTIAL OF THE HONEY MARKET IN UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF DISTURBANCE

Objective. The purpose of this work is to present the results of the study of the Ukrainian honey market, to analyze the factors of formation of the production and marketing potential of the honey market in Ukraine during the period of disturbances, to systematize the characteristics of bee breeds in the context of biodiversity analysis in the context of environmental genocide and to develop directions for the conservation and restoration of biodiversity in order to preserve the production and marketing potential of the honey market in Ukraine. Design/methodology/approach. The research on honey market conditions included various methods such as synthesis and analysis, comparison, and scientific generalization. Statistical methods were also utilized to evaluate the structure and dynamics of the market, and data from different sources such as the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAOSTAT, and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were collected and analyzed. Conclusions. The impact of the disturbances has significantly affected the production and sales potential of the honey market and has exacerbated the need to address a number of pressing sectoral and macro-level issues. The main factors influencing the production and demand for beekeeping products at the industry level are the following: a 9.2 % increase in the number of bee colonies in 2016–2019, favorable weather conditions, the use of branding to promote the demand for a wide range of honey and its derivatives, the development of logistics and e-commerce (which have a positive trend). The main factors of macro-influence are the impact of disturbances, such as the spread of the pandemic, which stimulated a sharp increase in consumption in the domestic and foreign honey markets, as well as the signing of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement in terms of increasing honey export quotas (with a 0 % duty rate on honey (which contributes to the development of the industry). The war in Ukraine in 2022 will have a negative impact on the beekeeping sector, given the concentration of a large share of producers in the combat zone, losses of apiaries and bee colonies, threats to biodiversity due to the environmental crisis in the temporarily occupied territories, theft of products in distribution centers and retail chains. Practical implications. The results of the study are of interest to both honey market participants, such as organized apiaries and private beekeepers, and related industries: farms and agroholdings for growing honey crops and other producers of honey crops who are interested in implementing regional logistics systems in the beekeeping sector based on clustering, cooperation and other forms of cooperation; cooperation of honey producers, retail chains and intermediary organizations in the field of honey marketing who are interested in developing the honey market on the basis of marketing. The proposals for the development of the production and marketing potential of enterprises in the honey market are also of interest to the NGO “Association of Beekeepers of Ukraine” and the NGO “Union of Beekeepers of Ukraine”, which are proposed to register beekeepers in accordance with the Map of Breeding Apiaries of Ukraine, and to regulate the use of the honey base, maintaining an accounting system, forming a marketing system, controlling the import-export of honey, planning the development strategy of the industry, registering clusters of beekeeping communities, providing incentives for the introduction of modern technologies and innovations in honey production, and promoting job creation in the field of beekeeping. Originality/value. The results of the analysis and the contribution of biodiversity in the beekeeping sector to the preservation of the production and marketing potential of the honey market in Ukraine are presented. The state and development trends of the Ukrainian honey market are analyzed, the factors influencing its development in the face of disturbances are identified. The SWOT-analysis of the Ukrainian honey market in the conditions of disturbances is carried out.

Democracy in the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

Various naturally occurring neolithic pieces of evidence in the Tutuala caves date back almost 50,000 years and provide strong evidence of an early hunter-gatherer society of small kingdoms with shared clannish marital arrangements and land use. Javanese and some Chinese traders around the 13th century profited from the export and sale of sandalwood, bee honey, honeycombs, and beeswax. Almost 300 years would pass before the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th and 17th centuries after the sacking and destruction of Muslim held Malacca. It was the Portuguese conquerors who introduced coffee plantations, cane sugar, and cotton plantations. While the Catholic missionaries from the Portuguese colonies of Goa in India helped spread that faith, most of the primary socio-economic and political activities tended to be littoral by design. In spite of attempts to convert the locals to Catholicism, many of the animistic practices of the Timorese were preserved and remain unchanged till 2023. Compared to Goa and other Indian ports, the early medieval towns and ports of Timor were backward and pre-modern in nature. The intention of this paper is to consider the fact that in the absence of democratic roots in Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, this paper nevertheless highlights the main obstacles for democratic growth in Timor in late modernity by using a seven-question democratic framework.

Analysis of Honey Export Potential and Competitiveness of Türkiye

The rich vegetation of Türkiye, different climatic zones and honey bee gene resources make the country`s beekeeping activities advantageous. Türkiye has an important potential with the presence of colonies and honey production. In 2021, 96344 tons of honey was produced with 8733394 colonies, and 9994 tons of honey was exported to 66 countries for 31148000 dollars. This study was designed to reveal the honey export structure and competitiveness of Türkiye in the 2002-2021 period. In Türkiye`s honey trade, the USA (29.64%), Germany (22.32%) and Spain (7.22%) are the main importing countries. It has been determined that Türkiye is a net exporter country in the 2002–2021 periods. Türkiye is predominantly a country with medium and weak comperative advantage. The Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantages (RSCA), Trade Balance (TBI) values calculated with Türkiye`s 2021 data was found 1.13, 0.06 and 0.98 respectively. These values show that Türkiye is a net exporter and a highly competitive country with a declared comparative advantage. Providing Türkiye`s access to rapidly growing markets in direct proportion to its beekeeping capacity and potential will make Türkiye a more competitive country.

Valuing over-winter colony losses for New Zealand’s commercial beekeepers

The number of managed honeybee colonies in New Zealand has increased dramatically, due largely to increasing high-value mānuka honey exports. Pollination also represents an important part of the apicultural sector, providing critical services to the horticultural and arable crop industries. A survey of winter colony losses has been conducted annually since 2015. Using data from the 2021 wave of the survey, we derive a model to estimate the financial cost of winter colony loss to New Zealand commercial beekeepers in that year. We estimate that winter colony losses conservatively cost commercial beekeepers $24,181,835 in 2021, which amounts to $38.04 per managed colony. This equates to 9.2% of the value of honey yields for commercial beekeepers who produce honey and between 10.6% and 60.5% of the value of contracts for beekeepers who provide pollination services. These substantial costs pose a risk to the profitability of beekeeping.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC BASICS OF BALANCED BEEKEEPING DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the ecological and economic foundations of the balanced development of beekeeping. It was determined that the increase in the amount of Ukrainian honey exports in 2020 is explained by the presence of shadow turnover of honey products in Ukraine and the increase in sunflower acreage. Ways to achieve high competitiveness and efficiency of operation of honey-producing enterprises: export of honey mainly as raw materials; lack of state support for the development of beekeeping. It is substantiated that with the pace of time and the development of society regarding the issue of beekeeping, as well as industrial society, the use of a significant amount of pesticides and agrochemicals by agricultural enterprises and agricultural holdings, the use of genetically modified organisms, etc., everything leads to the destruction of bees. In some regions, in general, extinction is observed both in Ukraine and outside the country. It has been proven that a feature of the territorial placement of beekeeping is that bees do not tolerate an unfavorable ecological environment, and at the same time they are in a certain way measures of its condition. Within the spatial limits of existence, bees can adapt to unfavorable living conditions, but at the same time, the danger of substances harmful to the human body getting into beekeeping products increases.

Expenses analysis of small and medium enterprises for the competitiveness of Georgian honey in the market

″Small and Medium Entrepreneurship Development Strategy of Georgia for 2016-2020″ approved in 2019 are in line with the basic principles of the Act European Small Business. It takes into account the best practices of EU countries in terms of small and medium entrepreneurship development policy. The main goal of the strategy is to create an appropriate environment for small and medium enterprises, increase their competitiveness, increase revenues, jobs, achieve sustainable and competitive economic development.The opportunity for entrepreneurs to integrate into the EU market is increasing in the framework of DCFTA Agreement on a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade which is accompanied by the expectation of increasing the export potential of products. Among them, beekeepers have high expectations for a significant increase in the export volume of Georgian honey on the European market. It is known that the demand for honey in the EU market is growing by 6% annually. More than half of the honey needed for consumption is imported, the average volume of which is equal to 150 thousand tons per year[1]. Georgian honey can also play an important role in the import of this volume.There was conducted a questionnaire study of Small and medium beekeepers in Imereti region in order to study the specifics of honey production management and guidance. As the result of questionnaire, a clear picture of the skills and resources of beekeepers were emphasized which they have and use to develop this field. Their interest in increasing their honey export potential is high, especially as they consider the EU market to be particularly stable. Their interest in increasing their honey export potential is high, especially as they consider the EU market to be particularly stable. As the review in the introductory part of the article shows, despite the growing beekeeping farms, there is not radically increasing honey production. However, part of the beekeepers think that the sale of the existing volume of honey production is also a problem if its export is not stimulated for export.The small research presented in the article cannot create a complete picture of the state of the Georgian honey market, but it presents an attempt to find out the problems that hinder the stimulation of the unique Georgian honey production and the possibility of increasing its export potential on the world market at the level of business management.

Aethina tumida (Small Hive Beetle; SHB) and Tropilaelaps spp. Mite; an emerging threat to Turkey Honey Bees

Turkey is the second largest honey producer in the world. However, the beekeeping sector, especially the export of honey and honey products, is not supported by income compatible with this asset. The main reasons for this discrepancy are the presence of honey bee diseases (predators) and their residues in honey. Due to the observation of Aethina tumida (small hive beetle; SHB) in Europe (Italy) and Tropilealaps spp. Iran’s border regions close to Turkey, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey has raised its alert level for these two notifiable diseases. Aethina tumida is a fruit insect originally from South Africa and it has later adapted to bee colonies. In the early 2000s, the agent came to North America with imported fruits and caused serious bee losses. SHB, which has spread to 12 countries so far, caused serious economic losses in the countries it entered and could not be eliminated. Tropilaelaps spp. is an ectoparasite that cannot survive for long without honey bee brood it feeds on and needs to survive. Tropilaelaps mite even suppresses Varroa when found in a colony and extinguishes the colony in a short time. It is a fact that these two pests may spread rapidly in Turkey due to the practice of migratory beekeeping and they can cause serious damage to our beekeeping.

Declining honey production and beekeeper adaptation to climate change in Chile

Drought severity has pervasive impacts on honey production via direct impacts on water resources and nectar availability. The current mega-drought in Chile has impacts on water resources and forest vigor, particularly in the Mediterranean and Temperate regions where honey production is concentrated. While honey production plays an important role in the local rural economy and providing pollination services to other agricultural activities, studies of the long-term impacts of the mega-drought on honey production are scarce. Here, we evaluate the impact of climate variability on historical changes in honey production in the Mediterranean (32°S–37°S) and Temperate (37°S–41°S) regions of Chile, using annual honey production records of beekeepers together with national records of honey exports. We also used questionnaires and interviews to evaluate beekeeper perceptions regarding the effects of climate change on honey production and adaptation practices in both regions. Results indicated a declining trend in honey production and exports in the last decade, largely related to changes in precipitation and temperature in both regions. Declines in honey production affected 82% of beekeepers, 80% of whom had employed adaptive measures, and 74% considered that these measures were effective. The drier, warmer Mediterranean region showed more severe declines in precipitation and honey production, which beekeepers reported as a main contributing factor to transhumance from the Mediterranean to the Temperate region. This is the first study to show the effects of drought on honey production in Chile, providing a foundation for future climate change adaptation strategies within apiculture.

Determinants of Export Performance of Honey Industry in Ethiopia

The study was conducted to identify the determinants of export performance of honey industry in Ethiopia and to establish trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value. Specifically, the study aimed to assess factors that determine the export performance of existing Ethiopian honey exporters, to identify the extent at which the determinants have an effect on performance of Ethiopian honey export industry, and to assess the trends of Ethiopian honey export in volume and value. In the study a descriptive and explanatory research designs were adopted and the sampling technique (non-probabilitypurposive sampling technique) was used to select sample of 96 sample size from 24 Ethiopian honey exporting firms. The data collection methods; primary and secondary methods were applied to collect the data. The analysis of the secondary data showed that the trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value showed an average decline rate of 53% and 51.5% respectively during 2011-2020. The result of primary data indicate that domestic market price and application of agrochemicals on crops, and adulteration mixing honey with other products negatively affect honey export performance with (mean 4.30 and Std dev 0.645), and (mean = 4.43 and std dev =.597), and (mean= 4.48 and std dev= .525) negatively affect honey export performance. Honey marketing legal framework revealed mean value (mean = 4.43, std dev= .637), laboratory service (mean 4.36 and std dev = .636), storage and packaging materials with (mean = 4.33 and std dev= .633) by suppliers and producers, financial credit services (mean= 4.10 and Std dev = .640), and supply of honey (mean= 4.31 and mean= .675) positively affect honey export performance in Ethiopia. The study recommends Ethiopia to have mandatory honey standard, technical supervision and follow up must be strong to reduce adulteration of honey and enhance quality as it is the major criteria of export standard, establishment of new policies on application of agrochemical crops and pesticides, creating suitable condition to produce honey storage and packaging materials in the country, increase production volume to stabilize domestic market price and increase export performance. Keywords: Ethiopia: Export Performance: Market: Honey Export Volume: Honey Export Value

УКРАЇНА НА СВІТОВОМУ РИНКУ МЕДУ: ФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКСПОРТНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ ДЛЯ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ МСП В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ

The article deals with the definition of theoretical and methodological aspects of the development and implementation of an export strategy for SMEs when entering the world market in a war. It was determined that despite the significant losses of beekeeping producers as a result of the war, the trend of steady demand for Ukrainian honey still persists in the world, as evidenced by the introduction of trade preferences by partner countries. It has been determined that the formation of an export strategy and the development of an export plan are the most important tasks of strategic planning for the launch of SME products on the world honey market. After all, strategic planning allows you to determine competitive advantages, evaluate the most promising export markets, and also gain new opportunities for development. The article defines the role of Ukrainian exporters in the world honey market. It has been determined that in recent years Ukraine has occupied a leading position among honey exporters in the world, successfully competing with such countries as China, India, Argentina and Vietnam. And also, an analysis of the key problems and prospects for the development of the export potential of Ukrainian producers of beekeeping products as a prerequisite for the formation of an export strategy was carried out. It has been determined that the main threats to the further development of the export potential of honey producers are a decrease in production volumes, a decrease in honey exports, in particular, due to the blocking of transport infrastructure by the Russian Federation, a further decrease in the purchase prices for honey in the domestic market, the death of bees and the loss of production capacity because of hostilities. An algorithm for the formation and implementation of an export strategy for SMEs when entering the world honey market is proposed. The advantages of implementing the Performance Management approach in the process of developing an algorithm for the formation and implementation of an export strategy when SMEs enter the world honey market are substantiated. They are: improving the efficiency of the implementation of the export strategy, strengthening the competitive advantages of the enterprise, improving the personnel management system due to additional motivation.

Determinants of Export Performance of Honey Industries in Ethiopia

The study was conducted to identify the determinants of export performance of honey industries in Ethiopia and to establish trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value. Specifically, the study aimed to assess factors that determine the export performance of existing Ethiopian honey exporters, to identify the extent at which the determinants have an effect on performance of Ethiopian honey export industry, and to assess the trends of Ethiopian honey export in volume and value. In the study a descriptive and explanatory research designs were adopted and the sampling technique (non-probability- purposive sampling technique) was used to select sample of 96 sample size from 24 Ethiopian honey exporting firms. The data collection methods; questionnaire and descriptive data analysis methods were applied to collect the data. The analysis of the secondary data showed that the trends of the Ethiopian honey export volume and honey export value showed an average decline rate of 53% and 51.5% respectively during 2011-2020. The study recommends Ethiopia to have mandatory honey standard, technical supervision and follow up must be strong to reduce adulteration of honey and enhance quality as it is the major criteria of export standard, establishment of new policies on application of agrochemical crops and pesticides, creating suitable condition to produce honey storage and packaging materials in the country, increase production volume to stabilize domestic market price and increase export performance.

Beekeeping and honey production in Russia

Honey occupies a special place in the diet due to its functional and medicinal properties. Honey consumption is significantly below the level recommended both in Russia and in the world. It is possible to significantly increase honey consumption both in the internal and foreign markets. The research aims to analyze and identify problems, obstacles and driving forces in the development of beekeeping in the case of Russia. Analysis showed that 18 Russian regions are focused on the export of honey to interregional and foreign markets. The beekeeping sector faces significant challenges in honey selling. The adulterated honey share is estimated at 30%. More than half of the honey on the Russian market is sold through direct short channels. Promoting products to metropolitan and foreign markets requires new approaches to building supply chains: data on apiaries and honey quality; optimizing supply chains and income distribution by chain links. The industry drivers can be a cluster approach; digital technologies to solve specific industry issues; new approaches in support of the industry by state.

SEARCH FOR NEW MARKETS OF UKRAINIAN HONEY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Ukraine produces more honey than the domestic market consume, which means that Ukraine has sufficient potential for honey exports. The main problems of the honey market of Ukraine are the shadowing of the market, low export price of honey and low consumer awareness of honey of Ukrainian origin. Due to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic on the world market, the demand for honey rises. This is an opportunity for Ukraine to increase honey exports and enter new markets. It will help maintain a leading position in the world market in honey exports, increase the competitiveness of local honey producers and consumer awareness of Ukrainian honey and the build of the country’s brand as a reliable and responsible producer. The Middle East market was identified as a potential market for exit. This article examines the honey market of Ukraine, identifies the problems of the honey market and market’s prospects in the context of the spread of Сovid-19. The attractiveness of the international business environment of the Middle East is estimated in order to find potential markets for Ukrainian honey producers. An analysis of the Middle East countries for export of honey of Ukrainian producers based on a filter model. In the process of analyzing the Middle East market on the basis of a filter model, countries were selected by factors of macromarketing environment and introindustry environment. Moreover, each of the factors that helped determine potential market in the final of the research was assessed by author. The analysis of key filters revealed a high level of the Middle East integration into the system of world economic relations, the constant expansion of their cooperation with other countries, positive dynamics of economic growth indicators.