Holistic Phenomenon Research Articles

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ: АРГУМЕНТИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

On the background of all world modern processes theoretical studies and practical implementation of the notion «Identity» are definitely critical for globalization of all facets of social life nowadays. European Union is now seen as the most successful implementation of integration and unification of political, juridical, economical, social and cultural life of European states that leads to special, say, European identity. Research objective. To provide a theoretical approach to creating a forecasting model, i. e.to find out the factors and determine the ways of retaining Ukrainian national identity within European Union (hypothetically considering Ukraine as a member of European Union in the nearest future). Methodology. Research methodology is based on different approaches and methods which allow us to state the reliability of scientific results. In particular, dialectical method was used as the basis of organic knowledge of science and practice; system, synergetic, sociological methods allowed to consider identity as a holistic phenomenon; historical approach was used to realize the evolution and stages of scientific study of the notion. Also, general scientific methods of research: analysis, synthesis, Abstraction, generalization and so on were applied. Main conclusions and recommendations for further researches: The research shows that the process of European identity acquisition is complex and has a lot of contingencies. Accordingly, we can state that postnational values and the level of responsibility of EU countries are low for smooth integration of society. Recommendations for future researches: Ukrainian identity analises in the context of European identity; the consequences of European integration for Ukraine; research of the process of gaining supranational identity, initiated by the state and civil society, etc.

Players Within a Team: Understanding the Structure of Team Performance Through Individual Functions and Team Objectives

Although systems thinking has been recently introduced as a means to model team performance, the most central and practically valuable question of this modeling tool is yet to be clearly addressed: how can the coaching team go from the level of team performance to the level of individual performance in order to select and evaluate players? In other words, if performance is a holistic phenomenon, how can the performance of individual players be conceptualized in relation to the whole? We appeal to the concepts of ‘objective’ and ‘function’ to show how team performance is linked to, and based on, the performance of individuals. We first describe team performance in relation to a set of objectives that are aimed to be achieved at different levels. Then we define the concept of function and break down this concept into three types, namely, positional, tactical, and interpreted function. We draw conceptual connections between different types of function and different levels of objectives. These connections show how each type of function links individual performance with team performance and how a team can be engineered as a coherent whole. We finish the paper by discussing some practical implications for coaches.

On association between physical culture and physical education

The interrelations between physical culture and physical education are revealed. A special literature has been studied, which highlights various aspects of people's activity with the use of physical exercises. The results indicate that the proper theory is not formed, which would describe the field of activity of people associated with the use of physical exercises, as a holistic phenomenon. It is shown that one of the main components of family education is physical (bodily) education. The main prerequisites for the introduction into the national education system of special sessions with the use of physical exercises are singled out.

An Application of Intervention Mapping as a Phased Approach in Developing a Family-centred Programme to Reduce Violence in the Family

Aim:To describe the application of intervention mapping in the development of a family-centred approach to reduce violence in the family.Methods:Development towards a family-centred approach is described, in which only the first three steps of the five intervention mapping steps have been detailed. These three steps are unpacked as phases. Phase I, a family violence needs assessment which includes a policy analysis. Phase II determines appropriate theoretical and practical approaches through systematic reviews and lastly, Phase III as a Delphi study.Results:Intervention mapping as a form of programme development is inclusive of all relevant stakeholders and allows diverse engagement with family-centred information through its structured development process.Conclusion:Family violence should be seen as a holistic phenomenon which affects all members of the family and future interventions must be mindful of this to address family violence effectively.

Approaching trust and control in parental relationships with educational institutions

Trust is a crucial factor in parent–teacher relationships. However, research on this subject to date has largely concentrated on a narrow range of theoretical perspectives and empirical methods. Most studies collect, analyze, and aggregate quantitative data on trust from a psychological or sociological perspective. The present paper starts by reflecting on previous research in brief and discussing its limitations with regard to a selected case: parents' relationships with educational institutions. On this basis, the paper aims to contribute to the scientific exploration of trust as a holistic phenomenon that encompasses explicit as well as implicit dimensions. In this context, we argue for a broader range of theoretical and empirical methods in research on the phenomenon of trust and its apparently tight entanglement with control in education settings. To this end, we focus on the one hand on the five distinctive facets of trust introduced by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001): benevolence, reliability, competence, honesty, and openness. On the other hand, we refer to Mollering's understanding of trust and control as a duality (2005) where trust and control can go hand-in-hand instead of being understood as inherently conflicting phenomena. Because of this assumed duality, efforts to explain the relationship between trust and control need to be able to account for the complex interplay between the two on different levels of interactions between parents and schools. To demonstrate this point, this paper presents three studies using different methodological approaches: study 1 analyzes relationships between parents and educators in childcare centers, focusing on the collective relevance accorded to trust by educators. Applying the qualitative, reconstructive documentary method to the analysis of group discussions among educators and video-recorded parent–educator meetings, the study places particular emphasis on reconstructing the implicit knowledge underlying educators' implicit orientations toward parents. Its result show that, in contrast to the common rhetoric of partnership between childcare centers and parents, educators perceive and enact their relationships with parents in very different ways. Study 2 aims to shed light on how trust is shaped differently in various settings of interactions between parents and schools. To this end, a survey is being conducted using a vignette design which provides descriptions of eight forms of parent–school interactions followed by a number of questions corresponding to each of the five facets of trust. The study, which is still in its pilot phase, will thus provide insight about which facets of trust are triggered by the different forms of interaction and, consequently, how the relationship between trust and control is affected by these interactions. Similarly to study 1, study 3 uses a qualitative approach to the analysis of trust. In contrast to study 1, however, the focus of the episodic interviews lies in exploring different elements that shape parental perceptions of teachers' trustworthiness in the transitional phase from primary to secondary school. Using qualitative content analysis, the study remains open to new and unexpected aspects of trust and is thus able to provide a deeper understanding of trust and trustworthiness in parent–school relationships. The results reinforce the notion that parents' educational backgrounds play an important role with regard to trust and control, with higher-educated parents placing less trust in teachers and exercising a higher degree of control in order to ensure their children's educational success. We conclude that qualitative and context-sensitive approaches focusing on the implicit and behavioral dimensions of trust seem particularly promising for developing a more accurate understanding which shows how trust and control simultaneously refer to and create each other while remaining mutually distinctive. Through this example, the paper aims to show how researchers can avoid a one-dimensional or fragmented view based solely on either trust or control.

The “Inevitability of Culture” Today

The article represents a review of the book by A.I. and G.Yu. Demchenko “Milestones. Events. Faces. The Art of Saratov” (Saratov: Saratovtelefilm — Dobrodeya, 2015), devoted to the study of the region’s artistic culture as a holistic phenomenon, in the totality of all branches of art (architecture, graphic art, literary art, musical art, theatre and cinema art). The review reflects structural and conceptual parameters of the book, features of the presentation and analysis of the vast artistic material. The article assesses the publication and exposes its uniqueness and relevance. The emergence of this work leads to reflection on the role of artistic regional studies in the general context of cultural studies in Russia, on the “inevitability” and priority of regional cultural studies in the conditions of the Internet cyberculture development, as on the opposition to the depersonalizing trends, depriving a person of soil identity. The book is also considered, in the context of scientific and educational activities of Doctor of Arts, Honored Art Worker of Russia, Director of the Center for Comprehensive Art Research A.I. Demchenko, as a part of the author’s project “Artistic Treasury of the Volga Region”. Aimed at attracting attention to the spiritual wealth accumulated over four centuries of the region’s existence, this project provides a new look at the country’s culture as a whole, taking into account the contribution to the national treasury of the “infusions” from regional cultural centers.

Тенденции развития современных конституций

The Constitution, as known, is the main source of law in general and of constitutional law in particular. In the domestic literature, the Russian Constitution and the constitutions of foreign countries are usually analyzed separately. The article attempts to consider the constitution as a holistic phenomenon of modern civilization. Based on the analysis of the constitutions of Brazil, Switzerland, India, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Germany, France and the Russian Federation some conclusions are drawn. The trends in the development of modern constitutions include the increase of constitutions, broadening the range of controlled public relations, including the constitutionalization of the relationship of reproductive medicine and gene technology in the human sphere. It is stressed that, in the modern period, when the use of transplantation medicine will only increase, the issues of protection of human dignity come to the fore. It is noted that the Constitution of Switzerland is quite unique concerning these matters. The article draws attention to the fact that the largest constitutions are most frequent to be altered, which might not have a positive impact on the stability of the constitutional order. The author evaluates the usefulness of amendments into the Constitution of the Russian Federation on lengthening the terms of the Presidential Office in Russia and the State Duma of the Russian Federation. The author notes that in democratic countries, there is quite a widespread use of the five-year term of Parliament, whereas the term of the Presidential Office tends to be lower than that in the Russian Federation. Additionally, the author refers to forms of modern constitutions, in particular the question of the advisability of the unwritten constitution. The question of legal protection of a constitution (constitutional control) is addressed. Concerning the question of the relationship between the spirit and the letter of a constitution, it is concluded that the spirit of a constitution is a deep sense of the totality of its principles and rules focused on its main purpose, and any interpretation of the letter of a constitution must come from its spirit.

Effect of a specific concurrent water and dry-land training over a season in young swimmers’ performance

The aims of this study were to assess over a full season: (i) the effect of a combined dry-land strength and conditioning and in-water program on the swimming performance of young swimmers; (ii) the effect of such program on the performance determinants; (iii) the effect of the training periodization designed. A longitudinal research design assessing an agegroup of young swimmers over a season was carried out. Methods: Twentyseven young swimmers (12 boys: 13.55±0.72-y; 15 girls: 13.16±0.93-y; both sexes in Tanner stages 2-3) were evaluated in three moments over 40 weeks. The 100-m freestyle performance, body mass, height, arm span (anthropometrics), stroke frequency, stroke length, swimming velocity, intracyclic swimming velocity (kinematics), stroke index, propelling efficiency (efficiency), squat jump, countermovement jump, and throw velocity (strength and conditioning) were assessed. A cluster analysis was computed to classify the swimmers. For the “talented” swimmers, the performance and all determinants, but the squat and countermovement jumps improved between the first and last evaluation moments. Both inwater and dry-land strength and conditioning features were responsible for the cluster discrimination in each one of the evaluation moments. All three clusters were also characterized by a mix of technical and strength & conditioning features. This highlights swimming performance as a holistic phenomenon (i.e. multiple determinants) where shifting occur in the interplay among the performance determinant according to the training periodization.

К вопросу о понимании рефлексии правосознания несовершеннолетних осужденных

Under the modern reform of social and legal sphere in the Russian state and expansion of citizens’ legal consciousness it is important is to understand legal consciousness review as a unique and holistic phenomenon. The author analyses current rules of the state which promote legal consciousness of convicted minors. The research presents the modern understanding of such phenomenon as legal consciousness review of convicted minors as a condition reflecting individual’s consciousness in understanding laws and statutes.

ВРЕМЯ КАК ПРОШЛОЕ В КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИСТОРИИ Ж. ЛЕ ГОФФА

Статья посвящена анализу понимания времени в концепцииЖ. Ле Гоффа. Это понимание соотносится с мышлениемвремени как двойного отрицания. Автор высказывает мыслио том, что исторического понимания времени недостаточнодля осмысления времени как целостного феномена. Проблемасостоит в том, что главным предметом исторического ифилософского дискурсов выступает человек, причем человеккак единое целое. Речь идет не об отдельном «историческомчеловеке» и «философском человеке». Поэтому пониманиевремени должно быть по возможности универсальным.Высказываются мысли о недопустимости противопоставлениялюбого модуса (модусов) времени другим модусам (илимодусу), а также мысли о недопустимости уничижительногоотношения к любому модусу времени или его частям. Вместес тем выясняется, насколько исторический дискурс можетприблизить исследователя к целостному пониманию времени,позволяющему синтезировать сущность и существованиечеловека. This article analyzes the understanding of the concept oftime in J. Le Goff. This understanding is related to the timethinking like a double negative. The author expresses the ideathat historical understanding is not enough time for thinkingabout time as a holistic phenomenon. The problem is thatthe main subject of the historical and philosophical discoursesserves man and man as a whole. We are not talking about a single“historical man” and “philosophical man”. Therefore, the timeunderstanding should be universal as possible.It was suggested on the inadmissibility of any oppositionmodus (modes) time another modus (or modus), as well asthoughts about the inadmissibility of derogatory attitude to anymodus time, or portions thereof. However, it turns out, as faras historical discourse can bring researchers to the holistic understandingof time, which allows to synthesize the essence andexistence of man.

ПАТРИОТИЧЕСКОЕ ВОСПИТАНИЕ УЧАЩЕЙСЯ МОЛОДЕЖИ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The problem of organization and implementation of patriotic education of the youth is of particular relevance nowadays due to the increasing importance of as a national idea for the state, society and every individual. Patriotism serves as a political and moral principle, social and moral imperative, an integrative personal quality, as a holistic phenomenon characterizing the symbiosis of its social and individual aspects. It is of special importance to form active patriotic position in young people as it enforces the progressive development of Russia. Thus, clarifying goals, main directions of patriotic education of youth is becoming an urgent problem. The aim of the article is to study the state of the theoretical aspects of the problem of patriotic education of schoolchildren. The content of the concepts of “patriotism”, “patriotic education” were determined. The purpose, objectives, structure of patriotic education were clarified. The key characteristics of the concept of patriotism revealed the laws and principles of patriotic education. The results can serve as the basis for teachers, developing and implementing a program of civic and patriotic education of youth in educational institutions.

History, Time, and Economic Crisis in Central Greece by Daniel M. Knight

Reviewed by: History, Time, and Economic Crisis in Central Greece by Daniel M. Knight Theodoros Rakopoulos Daniel M. Knight, History, Time, and Economic Crisis in Central Greece. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2015. 210 pp. Analytical narratives of the “Greek crisis” have been appearing across the board. Anthropological work has focused primarily on the political aspect of this holistic phenomenon. A total social fact of historical proportions, this enduring critical condition in a region favored for decades by ample anthropological attention is now calling for urgent ethnographic, yet historicized, approaches. Such approaches have a burden: the ethnography must be situated in a broader context, appreciating two time lapses. First, the rich intellectual inquiry produced by the anthropological concern in the culture and society of a place caught in much debate over nationalism and migration, violence and patronage, kinship and memory, food and politics; and second, the much discussed temporal fusions that Greeks attempt, bridging different historical divides and bringing forward a vivid depiction of current events in the light of worries, woes, and wounds past. It is in this tradition, and following this need, that Daniel Knight’s interesting book is positioned. It provides an account of lived and living memory, as well as a story of shifts, situated in what the author explains from the start as an inquiry that “straddles a period when nearly three decades of prosperity were quite suddenly replaced by austerity and perpetual crisis” (2). Chapter 1 discusses how Greece passed from what Knight sees as a prosperity period to one of crisis. Chapter 2 explains the methods and provides details on the geography of the site, as well as on how ethnography was conducted, while the chapter after that offers a historical overview of land tenure between 1881–1923. Chapter 4 makes connections between current famine discourses and the 1940s Occupation [End Page 1003] experience, while the fifth chapter argues that Trikalinoi are much less inclined to remember the Civil War that followed the Occupation. Chapter 6 ponders on forms of protest associated with food claims and discourses, and makes references to suicide. Chapters 7 and 8 are concerned with changes, in the move from prosperity to crisis in both the public sphere and private life in Trikala, especially considering social status. The brief final chapter concludes with thoughts on time and crisis. In this context of historical change—and of what has elsewhere been addressed as historically condensed time—the author traces what he calls “cultural proximity,” that is, the momentary or persistent conjoining of different points in time in people’s perceptions of crisis. The book suggests that the residents of Trikala, a town in the agricultural region of Thessaly, Central Greece, experience the hardships that austerity measures brought about in their material circumstances by evoking past events, and drawing on comparisons and analogies from a temporal setting of uneasiness. The lived memory of the Great Famine during the Axis Occupation (1941) is here a primary point of reference in local understanding. For most people, this memory is transmogrified through the narratives of those more senior. Indeed, most people seem to refer to the peina (hunger) of that semantic period making comparisons with their current conditions of life. Knight draws on these correspondences to suggest that Trikalinoi are “hungry with the same famine” as their erstwhile selves or older relatives had been in the 1940s (64–84). Importantly, these hunger narratives are forged “in the house—thus creating a genealogy of this crisis connected directly to ‘the moment’” (72). Memory is selective, however. Knight suggests that the significant decade of the 1940s is not only remembered and relived, but also partly forgotten. The ethnographer claims that the Greek Civil War (1946–1949; or by other accounts, 1944–1949) is a period little pondered by contemporary Trikalinoi, although some of its significant events took place in their town. In comparison with the Famine discourse, the author wonders about the “difference in affective historical moments around notions of unity, solidarity, and landscape” (85), where the Civil War, in Trikalinoi’s imagination, does not fit prominently. Knight’s analysis is unlike much popular discourse in crisis-ridden Greece, populated by memories, images, and imaginaries of Civil...

National Security: Paradigmatic Fundamentals of Research Practices

The article analyzes paradigmatic fundamentals of national security studies and shows that methodologically these fundamentals are unilateral and do not allow to consider the national security as a holistic phenomenon. The authors argue that the development of the multi-dimensional methodological constructs of national security studies within the neoclassical model of research is a prerequisite for overcoming the methodological unilateralism of the “paradigm of interests” and the “paradigm of values”. This model for studying the national security is based on the synthetic use of the methodological capacity of various paradigmatic fundamentals of its research, supplemented with heuristic capabilities of the “soft power” theory, which is considered to induce others to do what is required by the government, without direct violence. In the context of globalization, “soft power” is an important tool for protecting the national security. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s4p266

Social capital approach on Enterprise 2.0: a multiple case study

The goal of Enterprise 2.0 is to create a collaborative work environment and facilitate knowledge sharing. However, organisations report both increases and decreases in productivity associated with Enterprise 2.0. The focal qualitative case study adopts the social capital approach as a theoretical lens to provide a holistic account of Enterprise 2.0. The study reveals the multilevel and multifaceted nature of Enterprise 2.0 and shows how it associates with individual employees’ behaviours, their mutual work- and non-work-related relationships and knowledge sharing patterns, as well as managerial processes. Thus, the study continues and contributes by going beyond the mere operational use and benefits of Enterprise 2.0, and approaches it as a holistic socio-technical phenomenon that largely intertwines with organisational realities and strategic management. Furthermore, the study provides a discussion on Enterprise 2.0 as a driver of social change, and what kind of managerial action and involvement is required for its success.

Heterogeneity of maid cafés: Exploring object-oriented fandom in Japan

Maid cafés may be positioned as objects of (often oversimplified) fan communities in Japan; their heterogeneous qualities may be explored by presenting chronotopes with which they may be reconsidered. The problematics of viewing maid cafés in a homogeneous or reductive way (via iyashi-kei, "relaxation purposes," and moe-kei, "entertainment purposes") are considered, and the results of empirical research conducted at establishments across Honshū in Japan are presented. The vast differences in the services and interactivities provided in maid café settings are at odds with the homogenized fashion in which these venues have been treated in the popular press, in local promotional publications, and often in the academic literature. By presenting chronotopes and case studies with which maid cafés may be reconsidered, what it means to discuss maid cafés as a holistic phenomenon is challenged, and a heuristic for examining how spaces are constructed inside such establishments is provided.

Local knowledge, early warning and coastal hazards: Participatory inquiry among fishworkers in Kerala, India

This paper demonstrates that local knowledge systems are inherent elements of people's capacity to forecast natural hazards and thereby reduce disaster risk. It describes the local knowledge systems prevalent among traditional fishworkers in Kerala to predict and forecast coastal hazards. Apart from diverse techniques of participatory inquiry, in-depth interviews were carried out with 400 fishing households across 20 marine fishing villages of the state. The socially constructed nature of coastal hazards is demonstrated as a holistic phenomenon namely kolu. The empirical knowledge related to forecasting and prediction of kolu is thus explained in terms of biotic, oceanic, atmospheric and celestial spheres. This paper asserts the need for effective community-based early warning systems that are deeply embedded in the livelihood struggles and life-world of marginalised resource-dependent communities.

Ethical Leadership: A Culturally Endorsed Framework

This paper seeks to develop a conceptual framework of leadership from the ideologies of a South Asian literature. The study addresses the concern of previous researchers that existing leadership theories originated in the Western world with the values and morals of those countries are questionable in their applicability in different geographic settings and cultural contexts. As previous studies failed to validate the universality of these theories, this study attempts to identify the existence of any cultural specific framework. Content analysis and concept mapping are used to explore the inherent theoretical perspectives. The findings suggest that the leadership success is an outcome of a holistic and cooperative effort and every member of an organization plays an important role in making it happen where ethics and noble values should be the core. The framework implies that leadership is a holistic phenomenon and highlights the importance of a collective effort in organizational leadership and success.

Pieces of Civic Intelligence: Towards a Capacities Framework

Civic intelligence is the capacity of collectivities — from small informal groups to humanity as a whole — to equitably and effectively address important shared problems such as poverty, bioterrorism, and natural disasters. It's an abstract concept that can be expressed in policy, art, demonstrations, or conversation. In this article, civic intelligence has been divided into five main capacities: knowledge, attitude and aspiration, organizational capital, relational and social capital, and financial and material resources. The capacities framework is intended to convey a holistic phenomenon in a relatively simple way. While the framework as it currently exists can be useful in both research and practice, it's undoubtedly not the last word. The capacities framework for civic intelligence is more of a springboard for collaboration and action than a strait jacket that imposes inflexible and unalterable discipline.

English

Recently, the concept of modernity and its influences on global warming comes to be a common topic in architectural debates. The disappearance of gardens in the contemporary house layouts generated a need for new approaches to create a sustainable network of green areas within residential neighborhoods. The objectives of this paper intend to emphasize on the holistic phenomenon of house garden transformations. The rationale behind selecting cases inside Erbil city, Iraq return to its historical background which passed through rapid transformations due to the political, economic, and cultural changes. This paper aims to identify reason behind disappearance of house gardens in new developments. Moreover, it describes the physical elements of local traditions in different periods. The analytical methodology used in this paper relies on four different periods of the city evolution. It discusses the building garden visual elements in terms of architectural physical factors. The study emphases on two types of analyses, the morphology analyses for each period individually, and comparative analyses between different periods. The findings of this paper will indicate the crucial factors that affecting the disappearance of house garden as well as the general positive effects of vegetation in urban contexts.

Integrity and Mental Health Nursing: Factors to Consider

Integrity is interpreted as a holistic phenomenon that incorporates personal characteristics, cognition, interpersonal awareness, and practical enactment—ultimately relating to matters society deems worthwhile. This approach enables integrity to be understood as both a personal morality and a social (group) morality. Mental health nurses embedded in a hierarchical bureaucratic organisation may act according to their personal morality and display moral strength in many situations; however, if the social morality of the group is at variance with their convictions, as individuals their capacity to be courageous and enact integrity will be tested. A likely consequence will be that those with the most cherished positive patient care values, those with a stronger adherence to moral convictions about the public good, and those with a clearly developed understanding of integrity parameters will depart, and possibly leave the profession. In this article, we provide an overview of the structural and contextual realities of nursing work within organisations and discuss how these factors can compromise whole unit integrity and seriously challenge mental health nurses’ commitment to enacting integrity. In the final section of this article, broad suggestions for strengthening individual and group integrity are provided.