Holistic Phenomenon Research Articles

Ownership structure and real earnings management: evidence from an emerging market

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the monitoring role of ownership structure (OWS) on real earnings management (REM) practices; previous studies primarily examined the effect of OWS on accrual-based earnings management.Design/methodology/approachThe sample of this study is 490 companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange during the period 2013–2016 (1,960 company-year observations). The regression of a feasible generalized least square was used for data analysis. The authors use three regression models ordinary least squares, panel-corrected standard errors and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors to corroborate the findings and also examine alternative REM measures.FindingsAnalysis of the data shows that family, foreign and institutional ownership has a positive link with the quality of financial reporting and, to a large extent, is capable of alleviating REM. The findings also indicate that some form of OWS significantly affects REM, corroborating existing theories on corporate governance (CG) and the perspectives of practitioners.Practical implicationsThe evidence concerns the significant role played by the OWS in reducing REM activities. The findings are useful in support of regulatory activities, particularly in the design of policies to regulate the OWS. The results may also provide useful insights to inform other policymakers, investors, shareholders and researchers about the active role of family, foreign and institutional investors in monitoring Malaysia's public listed companies (PLCs) to strengthen CG practices. This also leads to less REM and enhances the quality of financial reporting.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this work is pioneering research from a developing country, specifically from Malaysia, to investigate the manner in which all possible OWSs influence REM. More importantly, the study recommends that regulators and researchers do not envisage OWS as a holistic phenomenon.

An Economy’s Emergent Properties and How Micro Agents with Inconsistent or Conflicting Interests Are Holistically Organized into Macro Entities

Abstract The existing literature documents that computer simulations can reveal how characteristics of micro-level individuals give rise to macro-level phenomena of systemic wholes. This paper seeks to establish such an important simulation-based observation as a theoretical result on a sound foundation. Going beyond addressing when holistic phenomena can naturally emerge from micro-level characteristics, this paper investigates how and why many macro-level entities appear to answer market calls through organically gathering micro-level agents into uniformly-oriented operational wholes, even though these agents have inconsistent or even conflicting interests. This paper develops conclusions based on results of systems science and establishes a sufficient condition under which characteristics of micro-level agents can naturally lead to the appearance of macro-level properties of a systemic whole even though the former are heterogeneous and behave in an unintended and uncoordinated manner. This paper suggests to root each theoretical result of economics on elementary facts of personal belief-value systems and expands methods of networks and computer simulations to those of systems science. It explains when macro socioeconomic phenomena emerge out of unintended and uncoordinated actions and interactions of micro economic men, and provides a more general approach for developing reliable conclusions than those observed from computer simulations. It additionally derives conditions for when macro-level economic entities appear to answer market calls and how micro-level individuals with inconsistent or even conflicting interests can be organically congregated into operational business organizations.

Формування екологічної культури під час навчання фахівців економічного профілю

Annotation. Introduction. The article analyzes topical issues of ecological culture formation in the process of training future economists. Modern approaches to the formation of environmental culture during the training of future economists, determining the quality of professional training of future professionals in higher education. Socio-economic changes and the ecological state cause the need for qualitative improvement of professional education of future specialists in the process of professional training with a high level of ecological culture. However, the problem of forming the ecological culture of future economists remains insufficiently studied. Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the formation of ecological culture and thinking, the spread of ethical norms in relation to nature. Results. The analysis of scientific works on the formation of ecological culture in the process of training future economists, revealed the concept of ecological culture of the individual and the concept of educational environment. Attention is paid to the process of formation of ecological culture as a holistic systemic phenomenon in order to develop the ecological and ideological position of a specialist economist. The main measures of preparation of applicants for higher education in economic specialties, which includes the environmental element, have been outlined. The pedagogical conditions that provide the process of education of ecological culture in the educational environment have been singled out. Features of ecological education as an important component of educational process have been considered. Conclusions. It has been proved that the effectiveness of training future professionals and the formation of environmental culture of applicants for higher education will form an opportunity to successfully engage in professional activities in the field of economics after graduation from higher education.

Transculturalism and transcultural symbol of the blue flower

This article examines the problem of determining transculturalism as an independent supracultural phenomenon, the cognition of which requires the aesthetic subject adopt an attitude of outsideness and holistic consciousness. Transculturalism is described a specific cultural model that can represent transcultural symbols. Based on the image of the blue flower, the author examines transcultural symbol as a phenomenon with mythical basis, which is being formed through ceaseless process of cultural transfer. For determining transculturalism as an independent phenomenon, the author analyzes modern definitions presented in the scientific discourse and compares them with the definition of transculturalism given by M. N. Epstein. The formation of transcultural symbol is described via genetic method and from the perspective of the process of cultural transfer (M. Espagne). This article proves M. N. Epstein's theory on perception of transculturalism as a specific cultural model, a supracultural phenomenon. The author explores the peculiarities of development of transcultural symbol,  and provides the examples of variation of this symbol are given (using the image of the blue flower in the English-language literary discourse). This work contributes to the understanding of transculturalism as a supracultural, universal, national, and holistic phenomenon. In modern world, such definition of transculturism is essential for conducting cross-cultural dialogue and maintaining respectful attitude towards national code. Using the example of the blue flower, the author reviews the variations of transcultural symbol in the English-language literature; analyzes the contest of paradigms, peculiarities of the palimpsest of this image, overcoming the stereotypes of perception and transitioning through cultural space; finds the reflection of the idea of universality underlying the poetology of Novalis.

Imagination as a phenomenon of cognition

This article discusses the problem of imagination as a holistic phenomenon of cognition based on the concept of corporeality of mind. Imagination becomes an instrument for enactive subject – object interaction. They complement and revive each other in the activity of cognition and self-cognition. Imagination is a generative model of cyclical interaction between the subject and object in junction of the image and action. Imagination is a moment of visual culture, a means of shaping thoughts and feelings in the optical coherence of mental actions in the reproduction of the picture, scenic manifestations of the material in mental life of a person, interpretation of the imagery-symbolic language and action. Imagination creates the space of the game of feelings, mind, and body in the context of cognitive engagement of a person. The most vivid manifestation as a phenomenon of cognition imagination acquires in the practice of psychoanalysis. The scientific novelty of this work consists in the following statement: psychoanalytic description interprets imagination in realization of the image through body and mind. The article employs the method of enactive construction of knowledge, visualization and psychoanalytic description, which demonstrates imagination as an integrative dimension of a human, optically harmonizes body, thought, and external environment of a person. The article underlines the role of metaphors, transformation, and paradoxicality, which indicate the degree of depiction of the image through integration of the corporeal, social and imaginable in a circular, cyclical dependence. Imagination creates the syntheses of these dimensions in a “paradoxical system”, translation of the fiction into symbolic language, and symbolic substantiations of the living experience of a cognizing being. Imagination is the organic development of human nature. The interactant appears to be an external environment and part of the human organization that creates him through the living experience of cognition and self-cognition.

Psychological Approaches for Building up a Monologue-Story

The purpose of this article is to define the communicative functions which monologue speech performs; to describe the characteristics of monologue speech; to show psychological approaches for building up a monologue-story. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The results of the research. We distinguish the main psychological approaches which help pupils to understand English texts. The first one is the approach of Hermeneutics. It sees in the interpretation of the subject perceiving the novel, which is based on the imagination and intuition of the recipient, which allows him / her not only to reveal the author’s idea, but also to feel the process of creating the text. General theoretical backgrounds of hermeneutics and the approach to understanding as the actualization of reflection will be presented in our further articles. The process of understanding how to build meanings occurs by actualizing reflection, the most important source of the person’s experience that allows a person to improve his / her personality. The next approach is psycho-linguistic. We proved that the comprehension of the text was directly connected with the understanding of the person’s speech. We formulated the main aspects, which in subsequent psycholinguistic and cognitive studies were explained in the following aspects: 1) the activity basis of speech, such as its extralingual characteristics; 2) internal speech or universal subject code; 3) the concept of meaning and significance. Conclusions. The main for building up a monologue-story is a cognitive approach. The defining feature of the cognitive approach for the study of comprehension was the position that language was only a small part of the holistic phenomenon that speakers are trying to learn. The process of cognition is based on the complex interactions of memory processes, physiological characteristics of a man, his / her knowledge of the world, the social context of utterances, ways of interaction of all the activities of the individual in general and the organization of all types of knowledge in particular. The cognitive approach characterizes two main factors: 1) shifting the attention of researchers from the object (a text) to the subject («Me – the speaker»; «Me – the listener»; «Me – the reader»); 2) shift of the person’s attention from clearly identified micro-units, which are considered in isolation, to units with a high degree of complexity. In the first case, the understanding of speech is considered as a constructive activity of the subject, carried out on the basis of his / her knowledge; in the second one, involving more complex units for comprehension analysis instead of relatively simple messages. Accordingly, along with the text, the object of the activity, we try actively studying the subjects-speakers (listeners / readers) processes. The movement from meaning to sense determines the very process of understanding, in which we identify several integrated stages that have semantic independence: a psychophysiological perception of a physical sign (a word, color, spatial form); a recognition of meaning (as «a friend» or «a stranger»); understanding its recurring (general) meaning in language; understanding its significance in the specified context (near or far); active-dialogic understanding (agreement – disagreement), such as the evaluative moment in understanding.

COMPONENTS OF IDEAS ABOUT SELF-EFFICACY OF THE SPECIALIST

In the research of psychologists, much attention is paid to the study of the potential conditions that determine the success of professional activity and social interaction. Own idea of one’s own abilities and possibilities of managing one’s life, confidence in one’s own success and productivity of activity, accompanied by a positive emotional state, are constituent elements of a holistic phenomenon, defined by A Bandura as self-efficacy. Self-efficacy creates a positive context for the life path, positive development, and the success of emotional regulation. However, self-efficacy is not a static general characteristic of the individual. It is far more promising to view self-efficacy as an important variable, qualitative and quantitative parameters of self-efficacy are interconnected with the real situation, as well as with the experience and emotionality of the subject. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of self-efficacy are interconnected with the real situation, as well as with the experience and emotionality of the subject. The level of self-efficacy actually determines a person’s readiness to choose a strategy of success-oriented behavior in a difficult situation for him. The article presents the results of an empirical study that made it possible to formulate conclusions about the identified levels of characteristics that can speak about the level of specialist self-efficacy.

Classics and modernity in the creative consciousness of Mikhail Bulgakov

The article presents the experience of analytical reading of M.A. Bulgakovs novel The Master and Margarita. The purpose of the work is to clarify the authors attitude to modern literature and to the forms of its implementation in the modern ideological context. Based on the structural and typological relationships, the author reveals the architectonic scheme of the novel, which determines the plot features of the composition. Concepts and activators of the plot action are the images of Bezdomny, Berlioz and the Master. They associatively focus on other characters comparable to them (writers, ideologists, mystics, etc.), as well as numerous prototypes, including V. Mayakovsky, S. Yesenin, M. Gorky, V. Lenin, etc. The prototypes of the novel are organized in such a way that they denote not only the contextual contour of the work, but also its conceptual certainty. The cryptological reading of the novel, taking into account the ratio of contour and conceptual prototypes, clarifies the authors attitude to modern phenomena and to modernity itself as a holistic phenomenon. The authors criterion of historical, social and cultural manifestations of modernity is the classical measure.

Classical “non-classical” metodology of analysis by M. D. Tits (to upcoming 125th birthday of the scholar)

Background. The goal of given article is to reveal methodology of M. D. Tits’s analysis on the premise of textbook “About thematic and compositional structure of musical pieces” (1972), to comprehend uniqueness, innovation and research value of some theoretical postulates in his approach to analysis of a melody, to typology of themes, thematic development and period. The study of the methodology of Tits’s analysis was not the subject of a special study. This is the scientific novelty of the proposed article. Conclusions. Textbook “About thematic and compositional structure of musical pieces” is a synthesis between a textbook and scholar research. It is founded on non-classical methodology of analysis of musical work, supposing start of the course not from basic elements of musical language, but from complex holistic phenomena of melody, themes, period. M. D. Tits’s methodology might be seen as some sort of resistance to analysis of abstract, dogmatic superficial approach. Non-classical methodological approach on the new level and in conditions of a new genre (textbook) continues tradition of classical analysis, founded by E. Kurt, B. Asafyev, M. Arkadyev, regarding process of musical form, as well as connected with another researchers of energetic and intonational essence of music. M. D. Tits’s textbook showed new level of theoretical generalization due to encyclopaedical knowledge of the author. The course embraces different eras, styles, genres, compositional techniques. M. D. Tits’s approach to melody, unlike one of L. A. Mazel, is mainly a teaching on melodical movement, where it is not notes that are important, but the movements from one tone to another, connections between sounds, inside the pauses. This analysis supposes unique results as it embraces intuitive and sensual comprehension of melodic process. The textbook contains valuable thought about diversity of forms of thematic material. M. D. Tits distinguished three main types of themes, introduced concept of “thematic nucleus” on thematicism. M. D. Tits suggested the most comprehensive classification of four main principles of thematic development, without contradictions between levels of motives and themes; without terminology burdened by connotations with defined musical forms. M. D. Tits developed classification of period on the basis of structural and thematic factors. He introduced period of “unfolding” type, with its variants reaching outside the baroque era. We must state that this article outlines the most basic moments of M. D. Tits’s methodology of analysis in his textbook. However, the significance if the theoretic scholar for analysis and practice is much bigger and can not be limited to these postulates.

A study of the typikon in the Russian historical-liturgical science in the late XIX – early XX centuries (to the question of establishment of the historical-liturgical scientific school in Russia)

The object this research is the works of the Russian liturgical scholars who systematized the source material on the history of typikon (liturgical charter). The subject of this research is the approaches towards studying the charter as a holistic phenomenon – the system that combines the daily, seven-day, and annual (fixed and movable) circles in the Byzantine liturgical tradition. Having refused to consider the charter from the explanatory and edificatory perspectives and trying to research the historical-liturgical monuments in their development, the liturgists systematized liturgical material and examined it in the historical-critical and “historical-genetic” context. The Russian liturgists offered a classification of the types of liturgical charters, distinguishing the cathedral and monastic types, as well as differentiating the worship service of the desert-dwelling and city-dwelling monks. The scientists also developed a periodization of the charter from ancient forms to printed versions. In the works of N. F. Odintsov, I. D. Mansvetov, A. A. Dmitrievsky, I. A. Karabinov, archpriest M. Lisitsyn, M. N. Skaballanovich and others, the liturgical charter is described not as a uniform text, but as a system that has developed over centuries, marking its development stages in Byzantium and Rus’. The novelty of this research consists in determination of the key characteristics of the historical-liturgical scientific direction. The analysis is based on the works of Russian liturgists dedicated to the history of the typikon. The examination of sources on the history of the typikon, as well as the hypotheses advanced by the scholars, allow viewing the history of its formation as a holistic phenomenon, and forego the traditional view of the existing form of worship as historically consistent. The conclusion is made that examination of the history of liturgical charter prompted the use of synchronic and diachronic methods in the study of sources, encouraging scholars to hypothetical constructions and opening new vectors for further development of liturgics as a scientific discipline.

FUTURREALNY AGE PERIODIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-DEVELOPMENT

The article proposes a new approach to the age periodization of mental development of the individual, which is based on the futuristic approach in psychology as a person's orientation to the future. A method of studying the target orientation of the individual has been developed, which made it possible to identify the psychological features of the adult age periods and the process of self-development throughout life. Its essence is that a person always focuses on the future and lives for it, based on real situations of today, regardless of whether he realizes it or not. The unit of mental activity we consider the situation, which has external and internal conditions, the last conditions belong to the instance "I". Recognition of such a unit of the psyche makes it possible to consider all human life as a consistent change of situations that change each other. This makes it possible to experimentally investigate successive life situations as a holistic phenomenon.

Проблема співвідношення полів культурної та візуальної антропології в логіці кризи текстоцентричних методів дослідження культури

The article is devoted to the study of the relevance of anthropological issues in the beginning of twentieth century and socio-cultural background of the anthropological sciences. The specificity of the subject and method of anthropology as a science in general focused on the systematization of empirical material which was studied. In this context, the logic of the formation of cultural / social anthropology and its instrumental interest to the video productions of technical media is studied. Anthropology tried to form a scientific understanding of human world as a holistic phenomenon (combining theoretical generalizations based on empirical data), while cultural anthropology focused on the study of cultural diversity. Visual anthropology emerged as a crossing of the fields of cultural anthropology as an academic discipline and the field of application of technical optical media, and thus a new source of empirical material. The gradual accumulation of empirical material in the "field researches" of anthropologists allowed to significantly expand the subject area and optics of anthropological science. And also it allowed visual anthropology to go gradually beyond the instrumental function that was originally intended for it. Meanwhile, the text-centered view of ethnographic material led to the transform of the culture of indigenous peoples into the codes of Western civilization, and hence to its reduction. Any of the various authentic non-Western cultures fundamentally distinguishes them from the unification style of the modern culture. The accumulation of video production by ethnography has allowed not only to preserve the disappearing authentic cultures, but also to develop methods of systematization of visual material, as well as to understand the role of visual anthropology as an autonomous discipline of the humanities. The integration of two aspects of visual anthropology (the production and study of images) casts doubt the classical style of positivist science: in particular, on the one hand the status of the subject as an observer or a spectator, on the one hand, and the monopoly of text optics, on the other.

Formation of Emotional Intelligence of Future Music Teachers: results of pedagogical experiment

The article shows the results of a pedagogical experiment on the formation of emotional intelligence of future teachers of music. The author’s definition of the concept of “emotional intelligence of a music teacher” is given. The essence of the concept of formation of emotional intelligence as a personal and professional quality of a future music teacher is revealed, which consists in understanding this process as one that is carried out in the conditions of multilevel professional education and is provided by a specially organized system of professional training aimed at simultaneous introduction into the educational process of the developed content and selected forms and methods in accordance with sound theoretical-and-methodological and organizational-and-methodological principles of the study. The pedagogical experiment was conducted for five years (2016–2020) and consisted of ascertaining and formative stages. At the main stage of the formative experiment, organisational and methodological principles were introduced as a basis for formation of emotional intelligence of future music teachers by means of content, forms and methods of professional training, enriched with emotional and intellectual component. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of the pedagogical experiment, determining the dynamics of changes in the formation of components of emotional intelligence of future music teachers according to certain criteria, was carried out during the analytical and productive stage of the formative experiment. To measure the formation of emotional intelligence of future teachers of music as a holistic phenomenon, and to form each of the structural components, the selection and modification of special diagnostic methods were made. Based on the results of the pedagogical experiment, the conclusion was made about the effectiveness of the developed organizational and methodological foundations for the formation of emotional intelligence of future music teachers in the process of professional training, which is confirmed by statistical processing using Fisher’s and Pearson’s criteria.

Chornobyl Phenomenon: Catastrophe, Experimental Area vs Curiousity Object

The article is devoted to a qualitative thematic study of the Chernobyl phenomenon as a holistic phenomenon that combines a number of manifestations: from objects of direct visual perception to legends and myths about events, processes and Chernobyl in general. The integrity of the image of the Chornobyl zone makes the Exclusion Zone an attractive tourist destination, especially for those who is interested in gaining such experience. At the same time, using the method of thematic research and based on statistics, the Chernobyl phenomenon is considered in its real context and as a kind of indirect means to determinethe level of interest of citizens of different countries in Ukraine (as a carrier of unique culture, history and world events). The results of the article are a contextual analysis of the phenomenon of Chernobyl as a tourist destination. Resource opportunities of nuclear tourism in the Chornobyl zone are analyzed. Methodological qualitative case study of the Chernobyl phenomenon includes accounting and description of tourist resources of Nature and resources of cultural identity of the cities of Pripyat, Chernobyl (with adjoining territories), which are cultural artifacts and are elements of the nuclear heritage of Ukraine, and can be included and presented in tourist routes. The contextual analysis of this study concerned the consideration and processing of data on the Chornobyl zone as a holistic phenomenon, from cartographic, textual documents, comparative analysis data of visitor loyalty, partial mathematical and statistical analysis of tourist attendance data. This case study is an approach to a comprehensive study of the phenomenon in the context of its actual existence using a variety of data sources. It is this comprehensiveness in the study of the phenomenon that ensures that the object is viewed from different angles, which allows you to reveal and understand all aspects of the phenomenon. The article reveals the main components of the Chernobyl phenomenon, mentions key tourist attractions that have their own history and shrouded in prophecies, legends and myths, as well as analyzes the tourist attendance of this destination by different categories of tourists, indicating significant interest in this territory.

Specific features of fluid image creation in primitive dance: symbolic and semantic aspect

The purpose of this article is to analyze a symbolic content of symbolic means of fluid medium and to outline a semantic aspect of dance images in the primitive dance. The methodology is based on the complex approach principles and applies analytical technique, historical, comparative, semiotic and unifying methods in order to create a holistic view of primordial and symbolic nature of primitive choreographic art. Scientific novelty. A complex analytical study of dance symbolism in the syncretic space of primitive culture has been conducted. The theoretical generalization of the fluid image semantics problem has been offered. The image of the dance is interpreted as a holistic phenomenon of being, as a bodily expression of thought and practical experience. Conclusions. The study of the specific features of the dance image creation reveals that the attributive characteristic of human essence and human worldview at an early stage of the society development is the fluid transformation potential. The dance image, created by expressive imitation movements and gestures, served as a symbol by which the idea of unity with nature, totemic protectors, ancestors, and deities became firmly established.

Introduction

Introduction

Moral-legal self-regulation of freedom of conscience: culturological aspect

The purpose of the article is to analyze the possibility of combining legal and moral regulations in the implementation of the human right to freedom of conscience. The methodological basis of the study reveals the interdisciplinary of the problem. Culturological analysis of freedom of conscience is performed by using philosophical-anthropological and phenomenological approaches to identify the specifics of legal culture, the role of conscience in the moral and legal self-regulation of human. Systemic method is used for analysis freedom of conscience as a complex holistic phenomenon; historical method and comparative-legal method – for identification of the specifics of the legal regulation of freedom of conscience in historical retrospect and perspective. Scientific novelty. Freedom of conscience is revealed as a phenomenon of legal culture which involves the moral-legal self-regulation of people. As a manifestation of social self-organization the legal culture forms a tolerant communicative space, in which the actually legal regulation of freedom of conscience is supplemented by mechanism of the moral self-regulation of a person – conscience. It is substantiated that transformation of the law to a legal culture requires not only human trust in the law, but also the legal trust in a conscientious person.

Holistic Approach on the Research of Yielding, Creep and Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of Metals Based on Simplified Model of Dislocation Group Dynamics

The simplified model of numerical analyses of discrete dislocation motion and emission from a stressed source was applied to predict the yield stress, dislocation creep, and fatigue crack growth rate of metals dominated by dislocation motion. The results obtained by these numerical analyses enabled us to link various dynamical effects on the yield stress, dislocation creep, and fatigue crack growth rate with the experimental results of macroscopic phenomena, as well as to link them with theoretical results obtained by the concept of static, continuously distributed infinitesimal dislocations for the equilibrium state under low strain or stress rate conditions. This will be useful to holistic research approaches with concern for time and space scales, that is, in a time scale ranging from results under high strain rate condition to those under static or low strain rate condition, and in a space scale ranging from meso-scale to macro-scale mechanics. The originality of results obtained by these analyses were found by deriving the analytical formulations of number of dislocation emitted from a stressed source and a local dynamic stress intensity factor at the pile-up site of dislocations as a function of applied stress or stress rate and temperature material constants. This enabled us to develop the predictive law of yield stress, creep deformation rate, and fatigue crack growth rate of metals dominated by dislocation motion. Especially, yielding phenomena such as the stress rate and grain size dependence of yield stress and the delayed time of yielding were clarified as a holistic phenomenon composed of sequential processes of dislocation release from a solute atom, dislocation group moving, and stress concentration by pile-up at the grain boundary.

CULTURAL INDUSTRIES AS A METHOD OF SELF-EXPRESSION

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the cultural industries’ concept formation and potential. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach. The research applied general scientific and cultural methods, which promoted the detailed reading of the “culture industries”, “creative economy”, and “cultural industries” concepts, in particular, the method of structural and functional analysis, to consider their organisational components; a systematic method that, by incorporating elements of interdisciplinary analysis, has helped to determine the specificity of the development of creative industries as a holistic phenomenon. The scientific novelty is that contemporary approaches to the study of cultural industries have been considered; the results of foreign practice in cultural studies of cultural (creative) industries are generalised. Conclusions. Thus, the publication of Chris Smith’s book, Creative Britain, in 1998, was the catalyst for the transformation of the name from “cultural industries” to “creative industries”, when the term “culture” was replaced by “creativity”. The concept of “cultural industry”, which was associated with the arts rather than economic and profit, was expanded to include the production of software and information content. At the same time (1998), the concept of the creative industries came to an official definition, according to which they are those which have a potential for wealth and job creation based on individual creative initiatives, skill or talent. Thus, the cultural industry is an interdisciplinary, complex, ambiguous and contradictory system that explains the existence in the research tradition, along with the notion of “cultural industries”, alternative terms: “information industries”, “leisure industries”, “the arts sectors”, “creative sectors”, “media industries”, “the arts sector of the economy”, etc., and most often –“cultural industries” and “creative industries”. Whereas the “creative industry” is based on the creative abilities of a person who, together with managers and technologists, creates cultural goods and services.

Компетентнісний підхід у формуванні культурологічної компетентності майбутніх учителів початкової школи

On the basis of the State standard of elementary education the professional competence of elementary school teacher is characterized as the ability to organize the pedagogical process in elementary school on the basis of modern rules in the educational space; ability to effectively solve standard and problematic professional tasks that may arise in the training elementary school students. It is determined that for the effective life of a person in the modern world, as well for the professional activity of elementary school teachers, the ability to develop cultural competence is required. It is known that the main feature of the formation of cultural competence of future Ukrainian teachers is the ability to study and characterize Ukrainian culture, the ability to master the cultural experience of different peoples of the world, the ability to distinguish national values; in addition the ability to deal with cultural challenges in the course of future professional activity. An analysis of the curriculum of elementary school teacher preparation at the M . P . Dragomanov National Pedagogical University, the Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology was conducted. It should be noted that for the full and comprehensive formation of cultural competence of the future specialist it is necessary to create educational integrated courses, such as: «History of Arts», «History of Ukrainian Culture», «Formation of Cultural Competence» with humanitarian disciplines. It is noted that cultural competence is the primary ability of a future teacher who is able to understand culture as a holistic phenomenon. An important role is played by the competence approach through which cultural competence is formed on the basis of the development of skills to use competently the set of heritage inherited from humanity from previous generations; formation of integrative knowledge about culture as a whole system, affirmation of national, socio-cultural stability .