History Of Town Research Articles

Steine in der Stadt – ein facettenreiches Medium als Brücke zwischen Stadtgeschichte und Umweltbildung

Steine in der Stadt – ein facettenreiches Medium als Brücke zwischen Stadtgeschichte und Umweltbildung

Chronicle-writing in the Lower Volga Region between the 18th and 19th Centuries as a Sociocultural Phenomenon

This article considers works on the history of towns in the Lower Volga region written by the locals between the 18th and 19th centuries and referred to as chronicles in the historiography. The authors aim to trace the history behind the creation of the said works, characterise their genre features, and determine their role in the formation of historical consciousness in the region’s population. The research relies on the principles of historicism and objectivity, using textual, historical-genetic, and historical-comparative methods. The works in question are highly heterogeneous in terms of their form and content, the topics they touch upon, and the methods of dealing with sources and other criteria. However, they share a lot of features that make it possible to attribute them to one genre of local chronicle which developed between the 18th and the mid-19th centuries. The textological analysis demonstrates that none of the works considered was called a chronicle by their authors. They were characterised as chronicles in later epochs. The historians who came into possession of the sources and published them described the documents as chronicles to draw the readers’ attention to the fact that the sources they referred to were ancient and followed the old tradition of chronicle-writing. The majority of works analysed were popular with locals: they were copied and kept in municipal institutions and home libraries. Due to the fact that local print media did not exist in these towns and other forms of communicating information were underdeveloped, the chronicles that circulated around these territories became the main source of historical information. Five out of six works considered in the article were authored by Orthodox clergymen, which testifies to the special role played by the Orthodox clergy in the formation of historical consciousness among the population in the Lower Volga region. In the mid-19th century, the region was going through rapid social and economic development, which helped modernise the sociocultural space of its towns. This, in its turn, conditioned the emergence of newer forms of interpreting the past that were more acceptable to modern academic criteria.

Sociocultural micro-realities transformed by tourism in São Miguel do Gostoso, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Abstract Justified purpose of the topic: The purpose of this article was to align theoretical and methodological perspectives of microhistory with the contribution of studies in the field of tourism, in order to understand transformations of micro-realities in the municipality of Sao Miguel do Gostoso, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Micro-realities are histories of ordinary people that translate and clarify microscopic aspects of a complex life style. Purpose: To analyze the social cultural transformations of place caused by the tourism phenomenon from the perspective of local micro-realities. Design, methodology and approach: In terms of methodology we combined qualitative analysis with participant observation, analysis of documents and audiovisual records on the town. Fifty-two individuals were interviewed, among those who had a certain prominence in town history. They should not have any official position, but they should have experienced the changes occurring between 1993 and 2016. Seventeen respondents were considered for this article. Results and originality: The research results highlight relevant changes in the sociocultural micro-realities of participants. The most prominent impacts mentioned are: the gradual emptying of cultural traditions, changes in food habits and in language. On the other hand, the positive contributions listed concern plurality of cultures and social engagement. We concluded that tourist flows altered sociocultural micro-realities, and thus defining tourism as the region’s most important economic activity, and relocating work force. This study relevance and originality is the link between microhistory and tourism, almost non-existent in scientific research.

Jimma Town: Foundation and Early Growth from ca. 1830 to 1936

AbstractThis study deals with the early history of Jimma town and its growth from its foundation until 1936. It explores social, economic and administrative themes, but also attempts to show the interrelationship between these themes. The town of Jimma evolved during this period from being the home-town of a relatively homogenous society and culture into a place of residence for a diverse and increasingly cosmopolitan population. Economically, the story of Jimma during this period is one of both continuity and change. It is a story of continuity because Jimma, which had been a center of trade from the very beginning, continued to be so during this period. There was significant change, however, because unlike the previous decades in which Jimma had served as a point of exchange or transit for elite goods that mostly originated from beyond the borders of the Oromo Kingdom (such as slaves, ivory and musk), during this period the town developed into the chief center for the collection, organization and export of a cash crop that was grown locally (coffee).Economic change, therefore, resulted in both production and exchange. The social, economic and administrative history of Jimma is closely intertwined, however. The mixture of peoples and cultures, as well as the nature of the urban social institutions that evolved in the town, are closely tied to “the cash crop revolution”, which brought streams of permanent and temporary residents to the town; the evolution of the town into a chief administrative center, as well as the introduction of somewhat peculiar administrative and fiscal institutions, came about, at least in part, as a result of the location of the town in the heart of the “coffee country”, as southwestern Ethiopia came to be known. In short, both the urbanity and the urbanization of Jimma can be explained by the story of coffee production and trade. This article documents these processes extensively and accounts for the growth of a major town in modern Ethiopia.

Global Risks, Divergent Pandemics: Contrasting Responses to Bubonic Plague and Smallpox in 1901 Cape Town

This article explores two simultaneous epidemics that, despite similar pathologies, prompted significantly varying responses from public health actors in 1901 Cape Town: the bubonic plague and smallpox. The Cape Colony responded to the plague with racialized quarantining, forcibly removing all black Africans from certain poor neighborhoods and transferring them to a camp on the outskirts of the city. It was the most significant segregationist act in Cape Town's history to date and foreshadowed the actions of governments in postunification and apartheid South Africa. Conversely, smallpox, though highly contagious and deadly, did not prompt similar aggression. Drawing from archival material, I argue that this differential treatment was the result of a global medical concern for the spread of plague to Europe that imposed external demands upon any region affected by plague that were nonexistent for smallpox. These demands aligned with local ideologies that equated state control with racial discipline to produce the first urban township in South Africa. This article addresses the global processes at work within seemingly localized epidemics and contributes to existing scholarship by exploring the role of medical experts and scientific knowledge in the framing of early pandemic threats.

Taste in Art-Exposure to Histological Stains Shapes Abstract Art Preferences.

Exposure to art increases the appreciation of artworks. Here, we showed that this effect is domain independent. After viewing images of histological stains in a lecture, ratings increased for restricted subsets of abstract art images. In contrast, a lecture on art history generally enhanced ratings for all art images presented, while a lecture on town history without any visual stimuli did not increase the ratings. Therefore, we found a domain-independent exposure effect of images of histological stains to particular abstract paintings. This finding suggests that the ‘taste’ for abstract art is altered by visual impressions that are presented outside of an artistic context.

Microrrealidades socioculturais transformadas pelo turismo em São Miguel do Gostoso, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

Proposto justificado do tema: A proposta deste artigo foi alinhar perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas da Micro-História com aportes dos estudos no campo do Turismo para entender as transformações das microrrealidades do município de São Miguel do Gostoso (Rio Grande do Norte). Microrrealidades são histórias de pessoas comuns que traduzem e elucidam aspectos microscópicos de um complexo quadro de vida. Objetivo: Analisar as transformações socioculturais da localidade transformadas pelo fenômeno turístico a partir das microrrealidades locais. Design, metodologia e abordagem: No campo metodológico aliou-se a análise qualitativa com a observação direta participante, a análise documental e a investigação do material audiovisual sobre a cidade. Entrevistou-se 52 indivíduos que tiveram alguma representatividade na história da cidade, que não assumiam nenhum cargo oficial e vivenciaram as mudanças decorrentes entre 1993 e 2016. O recorte deste artigo foi de 17 entrevistados. Resultados e originalidade: Os resultados da pesquisa ressaltam que houve transformações relevantes nas microrrealidades socioculturais dos entrevistados. Os impactos mais proeminentes foram: esvaziamento das tradições culturais, hábitos alimentares e linguagem. Por outro lado, contribuições positivas foram enumeradas quanto à pluralidade de culturas e engajamento social. Concluiu-se que as microrrealidades socioculturais foram transformadas pelo fluxo turístico, definindo o turismo como a principal atividade econômica da região e relocando as forças de trabalho. A relevância e originalidade deste estudo é a aliança entre Micro-História e Turismo, quase inexistente nas investigações científicas.

2009年 都市史研究国際会議(国際会議報告)

2009年 都市史研究国際会議(国際会議報告)

DERBENT IN CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATION SPACE OF THE MIDDLE AGES: FEATURES AND PECULIARITIES

The article covers the place and role of Derbent in the cultural and civilization space of the Medieval Caucasus. Basing on written sources, the author highlights important features and peculiarities of the town situated at the ‘eternal crossing’, its polyethnic nature was the main structure-forming factor and the cultural environment was a kind of symbiosis based on centuries of interaction of traditions of historically developed ethnic, confessional and social groups of townspeople. A certain negative balance in the historical and cultural process of Medieval Derbent was accounted for the slave trade. Traditionally being one of the transit centers of the slave trade in the Eastern Caucasus, in the 11th-13th centuries Derbent acquired the status of the most well-known and active slave trade market. During the process of Islamization, Dagestan people found themselves under direct influence of the Arab-Muslim civilization. Together with the religion, the rich scientific literature and fiction of the peoples of the Middle East came here and had an entirely fruitful influence on the development of spiritual life of the region. Representatives of the Muslim elite of Derbent were recognized authorities in the field of hadith science and Muslim law. Medieval Derbent was not only a religious but also a major center of spiritual culture, a kind of intellectual base and foundation of the local Muslim spiritual elite. The Arabic language and writing were critical for the formation of the local culture and science. In the comparative historical aspect, the development of Medieval Derbent had a strongly-pronounced specific character conditioned, first of all, by the centuries-old history of the town, which created unique conditions for the formation of the ethno-confessional composition of the town’s population, for the development of economic and social life. As polyethnicity was the main structure-forming factor in Derbent, it should be considered as a specific model of stable long-term interethnic interaction. For many centuries, Derbent was a well-known center of large-scale transit trade in the Eastern Caucasus. Realizing the natural needs of peoples for the exchange of goods, trade was a powerful factor of creation because it stimulated the development of crafts, science, art, development of new territories, and construction of towns. Trade was also an important factor of peace as it required political stability. At the same time, trade was a factor of dialogue culture, the culture of civilized communication, respect for customs and faith of partners in trade. An important feature of Derbent was its unique socio-cultural function: it was the center of not only economic, but also considerable cultural attraction.

Темников – город темника. К истории городов «мордовских украин» в XV–XVI вв.

Темников – город темника. К истории городов «мордовских украин» в XV–XVI вв.

Antoni Czacharowski (1931–2015): Scholar and Researcher of the History of Pomerania and Towns

Antoni Czacharowski (1931–2015): Scholar and Researcher of the History of Pomerania and Towns

Reconstruction of a Town's History

Local history is essential to complete the story of a province, a region or a nation (Mojares 1989). Padada is one of the municipalities of the province of Davao del Sur. It remains relatively unknown to the rest of the archipelago. The study aimed to know the original inhabitants, migrant settlers, and the socio-economic condition of the place before the creation of the municipality. The historical-descriptive research method was used in the study. Documentary research was done through municipal and library records and these were supplemented by oral history through testimonies and interviews with the townspeople and pioneers who came to the place sometime in 1940’s. The result of the study revealed that prior to the outbreak of World War II there were only two municipalities in Davao del Sur province - the municipalities of Sta. Cruz and Malita in which Padada sitio was formerly part of it. The tribes Tagacaulos, Bilaans, and Calagans inhabited Padada. The early pioneers into the Digos-Padada Valley came in 1908 and the great exodus was about 1918dominated by Cebuanos. It was also one of the areas where intrepid Americans invested their money and was formerly part of the vast Japanese plantations.This pioneering study can be used as a take-off point for further research.

About the Beginning of History of Slavuta Town or When and by Whom It Was Founded

The article deals with the discussion about the foundation year of Slavuta town in Khmelnytskyi region. Regarding this, a wide range of issues relating to the process of urbanization in early-modern Volhynia is being concerned. The article observes the correlation between the town planning practices and the development of large estates, as well as the role of the noble class in location acts and the expansion of towns.

Развитие молодёжного туризма в России

The article presents basic development directions of youth tourism in Russia. It notes that
 youth tourism should take into account the potential of the target audience, and it actualizes the
 development of low-budget accommodation facilities. The article considers the development of
 hostels in Russia. Since recently this sphere of hospitality has been standardized and therefore
 can successfully grow in Russia.
 The current economic situation has increased inflation, led to a reduction production and
 growth of unemployment in the country. The development of tourism, focused on single-industry
 towns, will allow the usage of possibility of cognitive and patriotic tourism. Young people can
 get acquainted with history of towns, study the modern way of life and interests of the residents.
 At the same time the development of tourism will allow to create additional work places and
 expand the hotel business. Youth tours should include a variety of elements - the study of history,
 national culture, cuisine and many other things.
 Young travelers aspire to active recreation, which is full of events and adventures. This is
 determines the need for a special event-related and educational tours. Development of territories
 and formation of their brands also play important role. The authors note that abroad
 development of territorial brands has long been the natural direction of tourism development,
 while in Russia this factor still does not have a significant impact on the development of the
 tourism industry. A large number of single-industry towns make it possible to realize their
 individual potential in the field of youth tourism.

Urban Space and Culture in Recent Russophone Scholarship

As post-Soviet historians separate themselves from the Soviet emphasis on urban labor, they are discovering new and exciting ways to explore the history of cities and towns.

Dutch art and urban cultures, 1200-1700

Traditionally Dutch art is seen and presented as a coherent phenomenon-the product of state formation in the late 16th century. Elisabeth de Bievre challenges this view and its assumptions in a radical new account. Arguing that the Dutch Golden Age was far from unified, de Bievre exposes how distinct geographical circumstances and histories shaped each urban development and, in turn, fundamentally informed the art and visual culture of individual cities. In seven chapters, each devoted to a single city, the book follows the growth of Amsterdam, Delft, Dordrecht, Haarlem, Leiden, The Hague, and Utrecht over the course of five centuries. By embracing the full gamut of art and architecture and by drawing on the records of town histories and the writings of contemporary travelers, de Bievre traces the process by which the visual culture of the Netherlands emerged to become the richest, most complex material expression in Europe, capturing the values of individuals, corporate entities, and whole cities.

A provincial Russian town: images for insiders and outsiders

This article analyzes the image of a provincial Russian town in the communicative context – for the insiders and the outsiders. The analysis provides insight into the management of the town's brand and allows the evaluation of potential tourist location. The image of the territory (which forms the brand's basis) was reconstructed through the qualitative and quantitative content analysis of 515 unstructured focused interviews with the citizens of minor towns. The residents of a provincial Russian town form its image predominantly through nature (rivers, forests, the opportunities for hunting and fishing, etc.). The image of the town for the insiders (focused on the nature) varies considerably from the version for the others/the outsiders (where the town's nature, history and culture are integrated). Therefore, the town's branding for inner tourism may vary considerably from the brand aimed at international tourism.

Проблемы урбанизма в историко-литературном процессе 1930-х гг. (Н. П. Анциферов и А. А. Золотарев в издательском проекте «История русских городов как история русского быта». По архивным материалам)

Проблемы урбанизма в историко-литературном процессе 1930-х гг. (Н. П. Анциферов и А. А. Золотарев в издательском проекте «История русских городов как история русского быта». По архивным материалам)

Introduction

AbstractEighteenth‐century Britain was a heavily networked domain self‐consciously committed to the dissemination of improvement. Clubs and societies of all kinds were deeply invested in this process. They served as nodes in larger networks that crisscrossed the country and reached out to global readers. Town histories frequently pointed to their existence as proof of improvement in itself, but clubs and societies frequently found themselves in internal conflict over their aims and objectives. This special issue investigates networks of improvement as they manifested themselves in a variety of associational forms across the long eighteenth century.

The resuscitation of Roger of Conwy: a Cantilupe miracle and the society of Edwardian north Wales

This article uses one of Thomas Cantilupe's miracles of resuscitation as a lens through which to view the society of late thirteenth-century Conwy, a centre of English power in the recently conquered territory of north Wales. Combining the evidence of the Cantilupe canonisation process, contained in The Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS Vat. Lat. 4015, with what is known of the history, topography and architecture of town and castle, it examines the relationship between town and castle and, more generally, the structure, operation and spatial expression of hierarchy in Conwy. Taking a micro-historical approach, it further suggests ways in which memories of the miracle itself – the resuscitation of the toddler son of a castle servant – were shaped by that hierarchy and, especially, in a silent negotiation between the powerful and the relatively powerless.