History Of Emigration Research Articles

Bloodline gateways: Italian ancestral citizenship as a resource to bypass European migration policies

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on how people use legal bordering processes enforced through citizenship laws to their advantage and argues that citizenship provisions may function as immigration regulation, according to the way people use them. Building on an ethnographic fieldwork carried out with binational Brazilians, Chileans and Argentinians of Italian descent, it shows how they use the Italian passport they can inherit from their ancestors through the right of blood to migrate to Europe as citizens. It observes that young South American Italians engage in new forms of migration which seem to counter the current restrictive European immigration policies and that they contribute to the recent resumption of Italian migration in the EU. This article shows that Italy’s entangled histories of citizenship, emigration and colonization explain why the descendants of Italian emigrants are so privileged by Italian legislation in terms of citizenship and mobility. It also argues that Italian provisions on ancestral citizenship acquisition contribute to a stratified migration regime based on ancestry, race and class, linking Latin America, Italy and Europe while tackling the paradoxes that South American Italians face upon ‘return’ to Italy.

The Yugoslav historiography of the Russian emigration of the first wave

The article examines the Yugoslav historiography of the Russian emigration of the first wave. The article highlights several main stages in the history of the study of the phenomenon of the Russian diaspora, identifies the key thematic areas of the work of Yugoslav historians on a given issue, analyzes the main issues related to individual works. The study of this topic allows us to reconstruct the change in attitude to the problems of a certain phenomenon in historical science, depending on political and social transformations. This issue is especially relevant when analyzing scientific and journalistic works within a certain political and regional community. It is important to note a certain specificity of the research literature of Yugoslavia on the history of Russian emigration. The authors of the works considered in the article mainly focused on the problems associated with the stay of Russian emigrants in Yugoslavia, since in the 1920s the kingdom was one of the main centers of emigration. The present study has a scientific novelty, since the works of Yugoslav researchers on the topic of Russian emigration were previously considered only as part of the historiography of the Russian diaspora as a whole. Most of the papers on this topic have been published in the last 30 years. However, the works of the first half and the middle of the 20th century devoted to the problems of the Russian diaspora are of particular historiographical value, since they reflect the transformation of attitudes towards Russian emigration of the first wave of the Government of Yugoslavia and its public. In turn, studies published over the past three decades highlight the vast range of activities of Russian emigration in the 1920s – 1930s. They were written using a large amount of archival data and other sources.

What’s new about new destinations? Cinderella states and the comparative study of migration

ABSTRACT Immigrant political incorporation is a concern of Europe and the U.S., but the process in the latter is seen as more successful owing to its immigration history, minority politics, and institutions. While comparative analysis has largely focused on post-war receiving states, since the 1990s, migration flows have significantly changed. What’s new about new destinations? And what might these cases suggest for the future of comparative research on political incorporation? This article uses existing frameworks for transatlantic comparisons and applies them to a broader pool of European cases. It argues that new destinations may have more in common with the U.S. than their old destination neighbors due to their emigration history, minority politics, and distinct welfare and labor institutions. It also finds more points of Europe-U.S. convergence than often allowed for in the literature. Together, this suggests opportunities for new comparative research to better understand incorporation dynamics within and beyond Europe.

Introduction to the Ideological History of Russian Emigration (1917–1991)

The history of Russian emigration of the period of 1917 – 1991 has extensive y historiography primarily due to the fact that the period is characterized by numerous achievements in Russian literature, art, science and culture. The political and media history of Russian emigration is well known and thoroughly studied. There exist also certain reviews of the history of Russian philosophy of this emigration period. However, the summary information on the moral, ideological and socio-political history of Russian emigration is insuffi cient and requires elementary introduction which is very often ignored because of numerous biographical and individual details.

The Study of the History of Russian Emigration by Modern Chinese Scholars (According to the Scientific Site CNKI — 中国知网)

In China and Russia in recent years, the history of Russian emigration has attracted increased interest from many scholars. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize publications about the fate of Russian emigrants in China, posted on the site “Zhiwang” (中国知 网, www.cnki.net). The analysis of information on this topic made it possible to identify the degree of interest of Chinese scientists in the study of intellectual and cultural heritage. The authors draw attention to the scientific and educational activities of educational organizations (Harbin Normal University, Heilongjiang University, Qiqihar University, Heihe University, East China Normal University, etc.) and scientific foundations (State Social Science Foundation of China, Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, etc.), which provided financial support and documentation support for the ongoing research. The authors of the article used their thematic focus as the main criterion for systematizing the publications of the Chinese site “Zhiwang”. The article focuses on quantitative indicators: the number of publications of Chinese scientists on the history of Russian emigration, the publication activity of the most famous Chinese Scientists-Slavists who described the fate of Russians who ended up in China. The applied value of the description by Chinese scientists of the educational and research, professional and entrepreneurial activities of Russian emigrants is noted. The opinion of Chinese scientists is emphasized that the culture (literature, painting, music) of Russian emigrants who settled in the cities of Northern China, adapted in the cultural space of the local population, left a significant mark in the history of China. The authors come to the conclusion that the cultural and historical heritage of Russian emigrants can currently be used not only to preserve national and spiritual values, but also to strengthen cultural interaction between China and Russia.

“History is a Trap that is Hard to Escape”. Memoirs of V. I. Kosik in the Form of an Interview

A prominent Russian expert in Balkan history Doctor of Historical Sciences Viktor Ivanovich Kosik (born in 1944) talks about his life and career at the request of the editors of the magazine “Slavic World in the Third Millennium”. Graduate of the Department of History of Southern and Western Slavs, Viktor I. Kosik initially specialized in problems of the modern history of Bulgaria. Later, in the 1970s, he worked for several years at the House of Soviet Culture in Belgrade and this experience contributed to the expansion of his horizons as a researcher. After completing his postgraduate studies at the Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies of the Academy of Sciences of USSR, Viktor I. Kosik, a disciple of academician Yury A. Pisarev, became an employee of the Institute in 1982, and all his further professional activities are closely connected with Inslav. The subject of his earlier major works were the problems of the diplomatic history of the Balkans after the Berlin Congress of 1878 and, above all, Russian policy towards Bulgaria in the 1880s – 1890s. In the early 1990s, when the possibilities of studying the history of Russian post-revolutionary emigration on a broader documentary basis were expanding, Viktor Kosik was among the first historians who decided to devote themselves this field, not only in Russian archives, but also abroad. His numerous works on the history of Russian emigration in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria show the comprehensive contribution of immigrants from Russia to the culture, science, and social life of the countries that adopted them. These works brought Viktor I. Kosik recognition among the colleagues, historians. His deep knowledge of the history of Russian diaspora at the Balkans combines with interest in Russian social thought; he is the author of one of the first monographs on the system of views of Konstantin Leontyev in modern Russia. Viktor I. Kosik also addressed in a number of works the problems of church history of the Balkans in the 20th century. In the book “Mined Culture,” which was the result of many years of archival research and reflection on broad Balkan material about the difficult paths of the history of this region, Viktor Ivanovich tries to identify the origins of national intolerance, which poses a serious threat to the mutual understanding of neighboring peoples. He shared his thoughts about the fate of the Balkans with our readers. Viktor I. Kosik, who grew up in post-war Moscow, talks about his childhood, youth, student and graduate years, remembers teachers and senior colleagues, shares his impressions of trips to Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, talks about his communication with prominent historians (domestic and foreign), as well as with members of Russian diaspora in the Balkan countries.

Basques in the West: Euskara Jalgi Hadi Mundura

Thousands of individuals have left the Basque Country, Euskal Herria, throughout its history. In the US West they encountered a language barrier, which had an effect on their relationships and ability to settle in the host nation. Conversely, their educated children spoke English fluently, which accelerated their integration into mainstream America. Euskara, the Basque language, disappeared from many households as an outcome of this assimilation. This essay explores the history of Basque emigration and settlement in the region, the relationship between Euskara and the American West since the 19th century, and highlights some of the ongoing initiatives to advance Euskara and its usage in the region.

Єпархія української греко-католицької церкви в Канаді та її участь в організації побуту для українських переселенців на початку ХХ століття

Background. Migration of Ukrainians to Canada at the beginning of the 20th century – a complex and multifaceted page in the history of Ukrainian emigration. In its scope, it covered various social strata, which exported Ukrainian culture, traditions, and the church beyond ethnic territories. The church, in particular, occupied a special place in the life of the diaspora, turning into an authoritative institution. In particular, the article talks about the role of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the organization of assistance to Ukrainian resettlement in Canada. Methods. For a comprehensive view of the role of the diocese of the UGCC in Canada, its mentoring programs for Ukrainian immigrants, the principle of systematicity, analytical understanding, and chronological sequence was applied, which was used for a step-by-step analysis of the work of the diocese of the UGCC in Canada with Ukrainian immigrants. Results. The article presents the beginnings of the work of the diocese of the UGCC in Canada with Ukrainian emigrants in the first decade of its creation. In particular, the main emphasis is placed on the activities of the first Greek-Catholic bishop Nikita Budka, who was the first to create mentoring programs at the diocesan level for the faithful of the UGCC. The work reveals a wide range of challenges faced by both emigrants and the church. Were demonstrated the integrity of the social service of the UGCC, the role of Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytskyi in the organization of the Ukrainian diaspora, etc. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of a wide range of special sources, the key vectors of the activities of the Greek Catholic Diocese of the UGCC in Canada, primarily its head Nikita Budka, have been identified.

Семеновы-Знаменские в Харбине. Материалы к биографии

Continuity of generations is a very serious issue for Harbin residents. Harbin residents have always tried to preserve the memory of their ancestors. Preserving the history of Russian emigration has a high relevance of the problem. The history of many Russian families is connected with Harbin, where there was the largest Russian diaspora. Nowadays this city is the administrative center of the Chinese province of Heilongjiang. We should not forget about the people who built the Chinese Eastern Railway, as well as about the Russian emigrants who lived in Harbin, but kept the image of Russia in their hearts and contributed enough to Russian culture and science. The purpose of this paper is to study the Russian emigrants life in Harbin and to restore contact with their descendants. The article uses historical and system analysis and bibliographic research method. The paper tells about the amazing life of Nikolai Nikolaevich Znamensky: his childhood in Harbin, his relatives, his move to the USSR, his admiration of nowadays China, and also focuses on the message of Nikolai Nikolaevich Znamensky to modern Harbin residents.

Predicting mobility aspirations in Lebanon and Turkey: a data-driven exploration using machine learning

Abstract The aspirations-ability framework proposed by Carling has begun to place the question of who aspires to migrate at the center of migration research. In this article, building on key determinants assumed to impact individual migration decisions, we investigate their prediction accuracy when observed in the same dataset and in different mixed-migration contexts. In particular, we use a rigorous model selection approach and develop a machine learning algorithm to analyze two original cross-sectional face-to-face surveys conducted in Turkey and Lebanon among Syrian migrants and their respective host populations in early 2021. Studying similar nationalities in two hosting contexts with a distinct history of both immigration and emigration and large shares of assumed-to-be mobile populations, we illustrate that a) (im)mobility aspirations are hard to predict even under ‘ideal’ methodological circumstances, b) commonly referenced “migration drivers” fail to perform well in predicting migration aspirations in our study contexts, while c) aspects relating to social cohesion, political representation and hope play an important role that warrants more emphasis in future research and policymaking. Methodologically, we identify key challenges in quantitative research on predicting migration aspirations and propose a novel modeling approach to address these challenges.

Between Policy and Lived Realities: Situating the Experiences of Interstate Migrant Workers in Kerala

Kerala has a long history of emigration and immigration of migrant workers, especially to the Gulf countries, leading to labour shortages filled by migrants from other states in the country seeking higher wages and better opportunities. Around 3.4 million interstate migrants work in Kerala's construction, manufacturing, agriculture and other sectors. Migrants have achieved partial integration into Kerala society by learning Malayalam to foster better communication, marrying locals in some cases, and adding North Indian cuisine and culture to the local landscape. However, they also face discrimination and exploitation at times. Despite Kerala's progressive policies for migrant welfare like housing, insurance, education and language support schemes, many migrants are unaware or unable to access benefits. Migrants still face hardships including unfair wages, poor living conditions, lack of healthcare, and have protested against rights violations. More inclusive, practical policies addressing migrants' realities and upholding their rights are needed. While Kerala governments have taken proactive and progressive measures, policy and migrants' lived realities remain disconnected, undermining their wellbeing. Bridging this disconnect by making policy consultative, rights-based and grounded in migrants' needs is essential for their sustainable welfare and dignity. The inclusive development of migrants as co-citizens with equitable rights is contingent on the state reconciling policy and ground realities.

Activities of the Emigration Museum in Gdynia with Regard to Developing Symbolic and Identity Ties with the Polish Diaspora

This article aims to outline the activities of the Emigration Museum in Gdynia (Polish abbrev. MEG) in building relations with the Polish diaspora and maintaining Polish identity among Poles and people with Polish ancestry living abroad. Its main thesis is that the MEG, as a comparatively small institution, has a relatively large potential for shaping symbolic and identity ties with the Polish diaspora and could potentially be an important actor for activities undertaken in this sphere, implemented as part of a broadly defined policy with regard to and for Poles living abroad. The article consists of an introduction, three main sections and a conclusion. In the first section, we briefly define the diasporic policy in its subject and object dimensions, present selected concepts that typify this policy, and point out the role of culture and cultural institutions in building symbolic and identity ties with the diaspora. The second section was devoted to presenting the history, circumstances of the establishment and organizational basis of the Emigration Museum in Gdynia. The museum, although technically a self-government cultural institution, is the first and only museum in the country to show the history of emigration from Poland and Polish lands in a comprehensive way. Section three, on the other hand, focuses on showcasing selected MEG activities in forming symbolic and identity ties with the Polish diaspora.

The Gender Representation in the Museum of Korea Emigration History : Case of Korean Picture Bride

The Gender Representation in the Museum of Korea Emigration History : Case of Korean Picture Bride

Review of the personal collection of A. A. Bashmakov and M. N. Bashmakova in the Bakhmeteff Archive of Russian & East European Culture

The subject of the study is the archival fund of A. A. Bashmakov and M. N. Bashmakova in the famous archive of Russian emigration - the Bakhmeteff Archive. Most of the documents consist of correspondence, manuscripts of essays, lectures, copies of publications by A. A. Bashmakov and M. N. Bashmakova created during their life in Paris (1924-1958). After the death of Maria Nikolaevna, Alexander Chekan, priest of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Paris, donated their collection to the archive. The purpose of the article is to introduce the contents of this archival fund to Russian researchers, which is of significant interest to specialists in the history of emigration, foreign archival Rossica, and the history of the Civil War. The article presents documents which highlight Mr. and Mrs. Bashmakov's family ties, circle of contacts, scientific and social activities, publications. The author reviewed an extensive archival material, not introduced into scientific circulation before, gave an overview of it, noted a number of remarkable documents that provide new information about the activities of A. A. Bashmakov and his wife in pre-revolutionary Russia and in emigration, and their socio-political views. Despite the presence of several articles about A. A. Bashmakov, valuable archival materials remained outside the field of view of researchers, including his personal collection in the Bakhmeteff Archive. The materials of this archive, difficult to access for Russian researchers, have not been used before in scientific works. In addition to issues related to A. A. Bashmakov’s contacts with other émigré figures, the article is the first to study in detail the origin and content of the memoirs of his wife M. N. Bashmakova and daughter N. A. Bashmakova.

Auto-Ethnography of Imagined Diasporic Lives Self-Reflexive Analysis of the Left Behind Perspective in a Migrant Family

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the imaginary about migrant kin destinations and the lives of the family members left behind. It reflects on the mechanisms of connection to places the subject has never been that knows through stories told by people whom themselves have never been but have experienced separation and loss as remaining behind in a family characterized by a history of emigration. Through self-reflexive auto-ethnography, this article focuses on the development of virtual ties to imagined places through the establishment of emotional geographies in the second generation left behind. The paper engages with the theorization of two stages in the lives of those who remain in the homeland: (In)-decision to stay, (Re)-solution to stay, which can result in Hesitation about staying in second generation left behind and eventually can lead to an Exit-action. Applying the concept of ‘familial habitus’, it demonstrates how in belonging to a family affected by displacement, stories about distant kin operate as living entities that form bonds with people, places, events with which the subject is unfamiliar. The social remittances provided through visits back can enhance the left behind exitus and emancipation opening for a potential liminoid experience of break with the limitations of patriarchal culture.

Первая биография Д.П. Святополк-Мирского на родине

A review of the book “Svyatopolk-Mirsky” (Moscow, 2021) by a well-known researcher of Russian émigré literature and culture M.V. Efimov and the oldest English expert of Russian literary studies G. Smith is presented. The authors based their research on the Russian and European tradition of biographical studies and used the methods of literary history and sociocultural theory. The book is the first full-scale reconstruction of prince D.P. Svyatopolk-Mirsky’s biography in Russia. The authors widely used archival materials, testimonies and memoirs of contemporaries, hardly accessible English and émigré periodicals, which enable them to present the main events of Mirsky’s life and work. The biographers’ interest to the inner world and psychology of the hero’s acts is combined with a subtle philological analysis of his literary studies and critical essays. At the same time, the obvious sympathy for the hero did not prevent the authors from maintaining a research objectivity, which ensured the credibility and persuasiveness of their conclusions. According to the reviewers, the book is an event in national literary studies, political and cultural history of Russia and Russian emigration.

Geographical Distribution of the Kurds in Eastern Sudan

History of Kurdish emigration to Sudan dates back to three different stages: The first stage dates back to the late thirteenth century and Saladin Ayyubid’s era, the second one to Sultan Selim’s era when eastern Sudan territories was invaded by the Ottomans, and the last stage to Muhammad Ali Pasha’s era. During these stages, the Kurds move to Sudan as soldiers and military commanders, and some of them stayed there and did not return to their homelands. The study answers the following questions: Are there Kurds in Eastern Sudan? Which cities are inhabited by the Kurds? How many Kurds are there, why did they stay there and did not they return to their country? The study relies more on data collection through interviews with the Kurds in Sudan. The researcher visited the cities and areas in which the Kurds inhabit. Oral history, narrative historical, and historical analysis methods are used in the study. However, a new style of interview is used, which is called “a mass interview,” in which several people are interviewed at the same place and time, and the most suitable answer is taken into consideration. Moreover, other sources such as books and historical documents are also used. The study concludes by clarifying the history and causes of Kurdish emigration to Sudan, the main region of the Kurds in Sudan, and the number and the influence of the Kurds in Sudan at large.

The Fate of Harbin Repatriate in the Mirror of Anthropology: Liudmila Abramova (1914-2002)

The research is devoted to repatriate Lyudmila Maksimilianovna Abramova (1914-2002) who was born in Harbin, lived in China for 40 years and moved to the USSR during the mass repatriation of the Russian population of Manchuria in the 1950s. Through the fate of Liudmila Abramova the authors attempt to reflect the peculiarities of the life of the emigrants in Northern Manchuria in the interwar period. They include the involvement of young people in fascist organizations, work in the Manchukuo authorities, survival strategies, repatriation motives, adaptation practices of repatriates, gender aspects - such as the role of a politician's wife, the participation of women in public organizations. The appeal to the personalized history is due to the fact that in the history of Russian emigration in Manchuria there are many mythologemes that distort the idea of the life and activities of emigrants. In addition, the authors had to face the problem of reconstructing the biography of a “little” person in the absence of ego documents (memoirs, letters, diaries); therefore, the research task was the use of the anthropological approach, microand macroanalysis, historical-biographical and historical-comparative methods. The article is based on unpublished archival documents involving memoirs and diaries of former Harbin residents and oral history materials.

Telling translocal histories: Reading the migrant life-worlds in Gulf-Keralan writing

This article discusses three Malayalam texts written by Gulf-Kerala migrants: V. Musafar Ahammed’s (2014) Kudiyettakkarante Veedu [House of the emigrant], a collection of memoirs; Benyamin’s (2016) Kudiyettam: Pravasathinte Malayalivazhikal [Emigration: Malayali routes of exile], an anthology of essays; and Sam Pynummoodu’s (2016) Kuwait Indian Kudiyetta Charitram: Kuwaitile Indian Pravasavum Malayali Sanidhyavum [A history of Indian emigration into Kuwait: India’s Emigration to and Malayali Presence in Kuwait], a historical work. This essay introduces them as microhistorical writings that attempt to document Kerala’s diasporic history — in particular, the history of the Gulf-Keralan diaspora to which the writers belong. At the micro-level, these diasporic histories are distinguished by their multiplicity, particularity, and dialogic association. Furthermore, this essay maintains that the writings acknowledge the agential force of the migrant subject, thereby reinforcing the primacy of the migrant writer and migrant protagonists. In the course of translating subjective experiences into vivid moments of articulation, migrant memory summons a heterogeneous narrative fabric that is characterized by epistemic disjunctures and methodological shifts. Consequently, these texts present an alternative to the canonical literature (as manifested within the ambit of state and academic engagements) on Gulf-Kerala migration, thereby reinventing the dominant historical discourse and recontextualizing history in the private realm of embodied narratives.

THE HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ARCHIVALWORK IN THE RUSSIAN ABROAD

The article deals with organizational and legal issues of archival construction in the Russian abroad. Archives (Russian foreign history archive, Don and Kuban Cossack archives and etc.) take of the most important places in the system of history and cultural activities of Russian emigration. One of the most valuable components of cultural heritage of Russian emigration is the Russian collections of foreign archives, libraries and cultural centers which is still be largely unreclaimed.