History Of Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Abstract P662: Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies is Associated With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

Introduction: There is an association between thyroid autoimmunity and the cardiovascular system, however, it remains unclear whether detectability and positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) could contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that there is an association of multiple categories of TPOAb with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in participants from the ELSA-Brasil study. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using baseline data of 9651 participants (mean age of 51.5 years-old, 55.8% women), without a history of cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum TPOAb levels were determined (Roche Diagnostics) and categorized as undetectable (≤ 5.00 IU/mL), low detectable (5.01-14.99 IU/mL), high detectable (15.00-33.99 IU/mL), and positive (34.00-600.00 IU/mL). Values of cIMT above the 75th percentile (≥0.68) were classified as “increased cIMT”. We performed logistic regression models, univariate and adjusted (for sex, age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and family history of cardiovascular disease), to determine odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Increased cIMT was prevalent in 24.4% of our sample, without statistically significant difference among the categories of TPOAb (p=0.066). Compared to undetectable TPOAb, low detectable category was associated with higher odds of having increased cIMT in univariate (OR=1.37, CI= 1.04-1.82) and remained associated after the adjustment for all confounders (OR=1.39, CI= 1.01-1.91). TPOAb high detectability was associated with increased cIMT only in the univariate (OR=1.40, CI= 1.04-1.88) and after adjustment for sex, age and BMI (OR=1.42, CI= 1.02-1.97). No association was seen for TPOAb positivity and cIMT (OR= 1.29, CI= 0.91-1.83). Conclusions: In conclusion, the modest association of low detectable TPOAb with cIMT may suggest a possible role of TPOAb in the atherosclerotic process.

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Segundas neoplasias esofágicas tras un tumor índice de cabeza y cuello: incidencia, factores de riesgo y pronóstico

ObjectivePatients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have an increased risk of second esophageal neoplasms. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and prognosis of second esophageal neoplasms in patients with HNSCC. Material and methodsA retrospective study of 4,711 patients with index tumor in the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx between 1985 and 2020 was conducted. ResultsDuring the period analyzed 149 patients (3.2%) had a second esophageal neoplasm. The incidence of second esophageal neoplasia was 0.42% per year and remained nearly constant throughout the follow-up period. According to the results of a multivariate study, the risk factors related to the appearance of second esophageal neoplasms were a history of high alcohol consumption and the location of the primary tumor in the oropharynx or hypopharynx. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate in patients with a second esophageal neoplasm, calculated from the diagnosis of this second neoplasm, was 10.5%. ConclusionsPatients with a HNSCC have an increased risk of developing of a second esophageal neoplasm. The risk factors associated with the appearance of a second esophageal neoplasm were severe alcohol consumption and the location of the primary tumor in the oropharynx or hypopharynx.

The prevalence and determinants of non-communicable diseases among Ghanaian adults: A survey at a secondary healthcare level.

The current epidemiological transition of diseases in Ghana necessitates understanding their burden and the associated context-specific risk factors to inform disease prevention strategies. To determine the prevalence and determinants of selected Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among patients seeking healthcare services in a secondary health facility in Ghana. A facility-based survey was conducted among adult patients 18 years and above between May and July 2021, using a multi-stage sampling approach. Data regarding the prevalence of NCDs, participants' socio-demographics and lifestyle factors of NCDs were obtained using Modified STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS). The Chi-square test and regression analysis were performed to identify the risk factors of NCDs at P < 0.05. The participants comprised 480 patients with a mean age of 37.7±16.5 years, and 57.7% (277/480) of them were females. The overall prevalence of the selected NCDs was 26.7% (CI = 0.23-0.31), of which hypertension (22.7%) was the most prevalent. More than half (54.2%) of the participants engaged in alcohol consumption and 54% were physically inactive. The odds of developing NCDs were higher in females (CI = 1.32-4.10, P = 0.004), older adults (CI = 4.11-20.68, P <0.001), overweight/obese adults (CI = 1.65-4.70, P < 0.001), family history (CI = 0.15-0.46, P<0.001), and alcohol consumption (CI = 0.12-0.40, P < 0.001). There was an overall high prevalence of NCDs, strongly influenced by the participants' age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, and family history. These determinants should be highlighted as part of the campaign for preventive action plans.

Population size estimation of female sex workers using network scale-up method in Kermanshah city

BackgroundAppropriate estimate of size of the female sex workers as well as the other hard-to-reach-populations plays a crucial role in reaching them with effective preventive measures. This study aimed to estimate the population size of female sex workers in Kermanshah City using the network scale-up method.MethodIn this cross-sectional study, of the 1000 pedestrians aged between 18 and 65 years, selected from the population of Kermanshah City via a multistage sampling, were recruited in the study. Face-to-face interview using a questionnaire including the number of FSWs in the social network of the respondent was used to collect the data.ResultsThe overall estimated number of female sex workers in the general population was 4848(UI 95%: 4597, 5074). Accordingly, the prevalence of FSWs among women 18 years and older in Kermanshah in 2018 was about 11.92 (UI 95%: 11.30, 12.47) in one thousand. More than half of the female sex workers in the respondent’s social network were unmarried and were in the age range of 18 to 29, and had a high school or university degree. Among high-risk behaviors, a history of alcohol consumption accounted for the highest percentage.ConclusionThe number of female sex workers estimated in this study is considerable, which highlights the importance of planning harm reduction interventions in order to alleviate the burden of HIV infection in the population.

Study of Lipid Profile and it’s Risk Factor AIP with BMI Division for CVD Patients Compared to Healthy Control

This study was conducted in Ibn- Albetar specialized Hospital for&#x0D; Cardiovascular Disease / Baghdad from December 2011 to April 2012.&#x0D; Sera of 71 person of both sex aged (33-67) years, include 51 patients&#x0D; diagnosed with Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 20 healthy volunteers,&#x0D; were used to estimate some biochemical parameters which include lipid&#x0D; profile (TCh,TG,HDL,LDL,VLDL) and CRP. The risk factor Atherogenic&#x0D; Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated.&#x0D; None of the control were atherosclerotic vascular disease, diabetic,&#x0D; renal disease, history of allergy, alcoholic consumption and heavy smoker.&#x0D; Sera of the samples were divided into:&#x0D; 1-Control group: includes (20) healthy (both sex), ages range (25-63) years,&#x0D; with no previous diseases which may interfere with the parameters&#x0D; analyzed in this study.&#x0D; 2-Patients with ages ranged (33-67) years were divided into three groups&#x0D; according to Body Mass Index (BMI):&#x0D; a- Group (1): includes (11) patients (both sex) with BMI (20-24.9) Kg/m?.&#x0D; b- Group (2): includes (28) patients (both sex) with BMI (2-29.9) Kg/m?.&#x0D; c- Group (3): includes (12) patients (both sex) with BMI (30 to over) Kg/m?.&#x0D; The data of this study reveled a significant increase in the levels of TCh,&#x0D; TG, LDL, VLDL and AIP value, while a significant decrease in HDL level&#x0D; in sera of CVD patients compared to control. Also CRP showed significant&#x0D; increase in CVD patients groups as compared to control group. For BMI&#x0D; the results showed a significant increase in CVD for G2 and G3 while G1&#x0D; showed a significant decrease as compared to control group.&#x0D; These results showed a significant correlation between the risk factor&#x0D; AIP and the parameters studied in CVD.

Fulminant hepatic failure: An unusual suspect.

A 66-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department for bradypsychia and asthenia. He had a history of alcohol consumption and epilepsy with no medical follow-up. Laboratory test results were compatible with acute liver failure and hyperammonemic encephalopathy: international normalized ratio, 3.35; fibrinogen, 2.25 g/L; total/direct bilirubin, 9.27/4.96 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase, 2595 U/L; alanine aminotransferase, 1958 U/L; ammonia, 125 µmol/L. Axial (Figure 1A) and coronal (Figure 1B) contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows a 4-cm wide hepatic mass in the VII segment (arrowheads) invading the right sus-hepatic vein (voided arrowheads) and inferior vena cava (IVC; voided arrows). The invaded veins are disproportionately enlarged for a cruoric thrombus, which measures 14 cm in the cranio-caudal axis and extends to the right atrium (arrow). Transthoracic echocardiography (Figure 2) shows a bulky thrombus emerging at the atrio-caval junction. Several therapeutic options, such as in situ thrombolysis, fibrinolysis, and surgical resection, were discarded as first-line therapy because of the risks of thrombus fragmentation, secondary pulmonary embolism, and bleeding. Despite continuous infusion of therapeutic unfractionated heparin and supportive measures, the patient died a week later. Elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels (33,460 µg/L) confirmed probable hepatocellular carcinoma causing intraluminal extension of tumor thrombosis into the IVC, which confers a very poor prognosis in the absence of curative surgical resection. Differential diagnoses, in the absence of congenital abnormalities of IVC, include primary leiomyosarcoma of the vessel wall or adjacent organ carcinoma causing extension of tumoral thrombosis, such as renal cell or adrenocortical carcinoma and retroperitoneal metastasis.1, 2

Could immune-related hepatitis rapidly progress to immune-related cirrhosis?

Immune-related hepatitis is one of the prevalent adverse events associated with immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). For patients without a history of liver disease, autoimmune disease, or alcohol consumption, it is not clear whether immune-related hepatitis could rapid progress to immune-related cirrhosis. We report the case of a 54-year-old female with stage IIIB primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) diagnosed with immune-related hepatitis. After 15 months, a liver biopsy demonstrated the rapid progression of liver cirrhosis although systematic corticosteroid administration. Long-term immune activation caused by ICIs may exacerbate the process of cirrhosis. Great attention should be paid to the rapid progression to liver cirrhosis of immune-related hepatitis in the clinic.

The comparison of risk factors for colorectal neoplasms at different anatomical sites

AimBoth the clinical manifestation and molecular characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) vary according to the anatomical site. We explored the risk factors for four groups of colorectal neoplasms (CRN) at different anatomical sites.MethodsWe extracted data from the database of Tianjin Colorectal Cancer Screening Program from 2010 to 2020. According to the CRN anatomical sites, patients were divided into four groups: the proximal colon group, the distal colon group, the rectum group, and the multiple colorectal sites. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the differences in risk factors of CRN at different anatomical sites.ResultsThe numbers of patients with CRN in the proximal colon, distal colon, rectum, and multiple colorectal sites were 4023, 6920, 3657, and 7938, respectively. Male sex was associated with a higher risk from the proximal colon to the rectum. Advanced age and obesity were also significantly associated with overall colorectal CRN risk, but there were some differences between men and women. Smoking was associated with CRN risk only in the distal colon and rectum in both men and women. Frequent alcohol consumption and family history of CRC in first-degree relatives (FDRs) were associated with the risk of multisite colorectal CRN only in males.ConclusionsWe observed differences in advanced age, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and family history of colorectal cancer at different anatomical sites of colorectal neoplasms. These factors vary by gender.

Dysbiotic microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients is linked to lifestyles and metabolic diseases

BackgroundDifferences in the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities among individuals are influenced by environmental factors. However, there is limited research on factors affecting microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients, who display lower inter-individual variations than that of healthy individuals. In this study, we examined the association between modifiable factors and the microbiome variation in colorectal cancer patients.MethodsA total of 331 colorectal cancer patients who underwent resection surgery at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital between October 2017 and August 2019 were included. Fecal samples from colorectal cancer patients were collected prior to the surgery. Variations in the gut microbiome among patients with different lifestyles and metabolic diseases were examined through the network analysis of inter-connected microbial abundance, the assessment of the Anna Karenina principle effect for microbial stochasticity, and the identification of the enriched bacteria using linear discrimination analysis effect size. Associations of dietary diversity with microbiome variation were investigated using the Procrustes analysis.ResultsWe found stronger network connectivity of microbial communities in non-smokers, non-drinkers, obese individuals, hypertensive subjects, and individuals without diabetes than in their counterparts. The Anna Karenina principle effect was found for history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (with significantly greater intra-sample similarity index), whereas obesity and hypertension showed the anti-Anna Karenina principle effect (with significantly lower intra-sample similarity index). We found certain bacterial taxa to be significantly enriched in patients of different categories of lifestyles and metabolic diseases using linear discrimination analysis. Diversity of food and nutrient intake did not shape the microbial diversity between individuals (pProcrustes>0.05).ConclusionsOur findings suggested an immune dysregulation and a reduced ability of the host and its microbiome in regulating the community composition. History of smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes were shown to affect partial individuals in shifting new microbial communities, whereas obesity and history of hypertension appeared to affect majority of individuals and shifted to drastic reductions in microbial compositions. Understanding the contribution of modifiable factors to microbial stochasticity may provide insights into how the microbiome regulates effects of these factors on the health outcomes of colorectal cancer patients.

Association of ABCC8 gene variants with response to sulfonylurea in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with high blood glucose levels and sulfonylureas (SFUs) are one of the treatment options for DM. SFUs bind to sulfonylurea-1 receptor (SUR1), which is encoded by the ABCC8 gene and leads to blood glucose reduction. Genetic variants like rs757110 and rs1799854 of ABCC8 can influence the response to the drug's efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the ABCC8 rs757110 and rs1799854 genetic variants and response to SFUs treatment. Totally, 61 DM patients with SFUs treatment were included. Baseline characteristics of the patients were recorded and 5 ml of blood was taken from each patient. After DNA extraction, a sequence containing rs757110 and rs1799854 was synthesized by the PCR method, and the PCR products were used for Sanger sequencing. Frequencies of GG, GA, and AA genotypes of rs1799854 variant was 12 (40%), 14 (46.7%), and 4 (13.3%), and the frequencies of CC, AC, and AA genotypes for rs757110 variant was 3 (9.7%), 5 (16.1%) and 23 (74.2%) in, respectively. Patients with different genotypes had the same age, BMI (body mass index), initial FBS (Fasting blood sugar), initial HbA1c, treatment duration, gender and history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise. There was no significant difference in FBS and HbA1c changes after SFUs treatment between patients with rs757110 variant (p = 0.39 for FBS and p = 0.76 for HbA1c) and rs1799854 (p = 0.24 for FBS and p = 0.36 for HbA1c). The rs1799854 and rs757110 variants of the ABCC8 gene had no significant influence on response to SFUs treatment.

A Work-Related Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis in A Worker Exposed to Heat Stress: A Case Report

Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis (TPP) is an uncommon disorder, characterized by the triad of acute hypokalemia, muscle paralysis, and thyrotoxicosis. Attacks are typically transient, last hours to days, and may be triggered by many conditions, including exposure to heat stress in both indoor and outdoor activities. Indoor workers, especially those working around furnaces, ovens, smelters, and boilers, are at a higher heat stress risk, even higher risk if they have other individual factors such as obesity, dehydration, slower heat acclimation, consume certain medications and presence of underlying diseases. A 48-year-old man presented a sudden onset weakness in all four limbs, associated with admission blood hypokalemia and thyrotoxicosis. No history of either alcohol or high carbohydrate intake consumption, infection, trauma, or heavy exercise. He has been working as a chef in the food procurement unit at a hospital for 28 years, 6 hours/day, six days/week. The results of the heat measurement at the cooking area where he works revealed that the heat stress index was 31,9º C Wet Bulb & Globe Temperature (WBGT).

Theabrownin ameliorates liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in MCD diet-fed C57BL/6J mice.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), also known as metabolic steatohepatitis, is a clinical syndrome with pathological changes like alcoholic hepatitis but without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. NASH is closely related to metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Its main characteristics are hepatocyte steatosis with hepatocyte injury and inflammation. In severe cases, it can develop into liver cirrhosis. At present, there is no special treatment for NASH. Theabrownin (TB) is the main pigment substance in fermented tea. Theabrownin has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and intestinal flora. However, the effect of theabrownin on NASH has not been studied. This study was aimed at exploring the effects of theabrownin from Fuzhuan brick tea on NASH. 8-week-old mice were randomly assigned to three groups and fed with chow diet (CD), methionine and choline sufficient (MCS) diet (MCS Ctrl), which is a Methionine/choline deficient (MCD) control diet, and MCD diet. After 5 weeks of feeding, the MCD group mice were randomly divided into two groups and were gavaged with double distilled water (MCD Ctrl) or theabrownin (MCD TB) (200mg/kg body weight, dissolved in double distilled water) every day for another 4 weeks respectively, while continuing MCD diet feeding. We found that theabrownin treatment could not improve liver mass loss and steatosis. However, theabrownin ameliorated liver injury and decreased liver inflammatory response. Theabrownin also alleviated liver oxidative stress and fibrosis. Furthermore, our results showed that theabrownin increased hepatic level of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and reduced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 in MCD diet-fed mice.

The Effect of the Interaction between Abnormal Body Mass Index and Hypertension on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes.

Many patients with type 2 diabetes have an abnormal body mass index (BMI) and hypertension together, but few studies on the interaction of the two on the risk of T2DM are reported. We aim to explore the effect of the interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Uyghur residents. Based on the physical examination data of 27,4819 Uygur residents in Moyu County, a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between BMI abnormality, hypertension, and T2DM disease, and then, the effect of their interaction on the risk of T2DM was evaluated by an additive model and a multiplicative model. The results showed that the detectable rate of T2DM was 5.58%, the proportion of abnormal BMI was 59.49%, and the proportion of hypertension was 25.14%. The risk of T2DM in people with an abnormal BMI and hypertension was higher than that in people with a normal weight and without hypertension, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The additive model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, family history of diabetes, abdominal obesity, and alcohol consumption, abnormal BMI and hypertension had a synergistic effect on the risk of T2DM and the evaluation indicators RERI, AP, and S were 0.90 (0.32∼1.49), 0.20 (0.11∼0.30), and 1.36 (1.17∼1.57), respectively. But there was no multiplicative interaction between the two (OR = 0.97, (95% CI: 0.89∼1.06). 3). The interaction between abnormal BMI and hypertension can increase the risk of T2DM, and improving BMI and controlling blood pressure within the normal range can effectively reduce the risk of T2DM.

Cannabidiol repairs behavioral and brain disturbances in a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) includes neuropsychiatric disturbances related to gestational and lactational ethanol exposure. Available treatments are minimal and do not modulate ethanol-induced damage. Developing animal models simulating FASD is essential for understanding the underlying brain alterations and searching for efficient therapeutic approaches. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of early and chronic cannabidiol (CBD) administration on offspring exposed to an animal model of FASD. Ethanol gavage (3 g/kg/12 h, p.o.) was administered to C57BL/6 J female mice, with a previous history of alcohol consumption, between gestational day 7 and postnatal day 21. On the weaning day, pups were separated by sex, and CBD administration began (30 mg/kg/day, i.p.). After 4–6 weeks of treatment, behavioral and neurobiological changes were analyzed. Mice exposed to the animal model of FASD showed higher anxiogenic and depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment that were evaluated through several experimental tests. These behaviors were accompanied by alterations in the gene, cellular and metabolomic targets. CBD administration normalized FASD model-induced emotional and cognitive disturbances, gene expression, and cellular changes with sex-dependent differences. CBD modulates the metabolomic changes detected in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, no changes were found in mitochondria or the oxidative status of the cells. These results suggest that the early and repeated administration of CBD modulated the long-lasting behavioral, gene and protein alterations induced by the FASD model, encouraging the possibility of performing clinical trials to evaluate the effects of CBD in children affected with FASD.

Alcohol consumption and HIV disease prognosis among virally unsuppressed in Rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

&lt;abstract&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Background&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;The effect of alcohol consumption and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease prognosis has been examined in several studies with inconsistent findings. We sought to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on HIV disease prognosis by examining CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cell count/µL (CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; count) and HIV RNA concentration [HIV viral load (VL)] independent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Methods&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;A secondary analysis was performed on a cross-sectional survey data of 1120 participants between 2018 and 2020. Questionnaires were used to obtain the participants' history of alcohol consumption. Blood samples were assayed for CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cell count/µL (CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; count) and HIV RNA concentration (HIV viral load). The history of alcohol consumption was categorized into non-alcohol consumers, non-heavy alcohol consumers, and heavy-alcohol consumers. Age, cigarette smoking, gender, and ART use were considered potential confounders. Participants were categorized into two cohorts for the analysis and a multivariate logistic regression was used to establish relationships among virally unsuppressed participants who were ART-experienced and ART-naïve.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Results&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;A total of 1120 participants were considered for analysis. The majority were females (65.9%) between 15–39 years (72.4%). The majority were non-smokers and non-alcohol consumers (88% and 79%, respectively). ART-experienced females had an increased risk of having a higher VL (VL &amp;gt; 1000). This finding was statistically significant [RR, 0.425, 95% CI, (0.192–0.944), p-value, 0.036]. However, ART-experienced participants aged above 64 years had an increased risk of having a lower VL (VL &amp;lt; 1000 copies/mL) and a lower risk of having a higher VL (VL &amp;gt; 1000). However, ART-naïve participants aged between 40–64 years had a significantly lower risk of having higher CD4 count (CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; &amp;gt; 500 cells) and an increased risk of having a lower CD4 count [OR, 0.566 95% CI, (0.386–0.829), p-value, 0.004]. History of alcohol consumption did not have a significant effect on CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cell count and VL in neither the ART-experienced nor the naïve cohort.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;sec&gt; &lt;title&gt;Conclusions&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female middle-aged people living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to have a poorer HIV disease state, independent of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption may not have a direct effect on CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cell count and VL in either ART-naïve or experienced patients.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/sec&gt;&lt;/abstract&gt;

A new method for predicting alcohol relapse in patients undergoing liver transplantation for alcohol-related liver failure: Barratt scale.

Alcohol-induced liver disease has become one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide with the increasing use of alcohol in society. The most important step in treatment is cessation of alcohol consumption. In patients with advanced liver disease, the most effective treatment is liver transplantation. Careful evaluation of patients with alcoholic liver disease before transplantation can help identify those at high risk of relapsing. Of a total of 42 patients who underwent liver transplantation for alcohol-related liver failure in our hospital between 2011 and 2022, 26 surviving patients were included in the study. Patient data were analyzed retrospectively. Demographic data, MELD score, history of alcohol consumption, alcohol treatment, post-transplant prognosis and survival were analyzed. The Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11 Short Form (BIS-11 SF) was applied to the surviving patients for impulsivity analysis to predict the possibility of relapse. Of the 26 patients who were included in the study, all were male. The mean age at transplantation was 53 (31-71) years. Mean MELD score was 22.31 (9-36). 12 patients (46.2%) received living donor liver transplantation and 14 patients (53.8%) received cadaveric liver transplantation. 25 patients (96.2%) had no post-transplant dependence, while 1 patient (3.8%) had post-transplant dependence. 5 patients (19.2%) continued to consume alcohol after transplantation. In our study, we observed that patients with high motor impulsivity tendency according to BSI-11 SF had alcohol relapse. We believe that revising this scale with more detailed questions for alcohol-dependent liver patients and applying it to patients before transplantation will be effective in better selection for transplantation and guiding patients to appropriate therapy and thus preventing relapse after transplantation.

Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Tobacco Consumption among Adolescents: An Observational Study from a Rural area of Rajasthan.

The prevalence of smoking cigarettes among adolescents in India is nearly one in 10, and almost half of them initiate tobacco use before turning 10 years old. Our study objective was to assess the prevalence of tobacco consumption and the sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco consumption among adolescents in a rural area of Rajasthan. This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 year from April 2021 to March 2022 in village Naila, Jaipur. All 1083 adolescents of village Naila were contacted; however, 1049 were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression (forward likelihood model) was used to assess the strength of the association of risk factors for the consumption of tobacco. A considerable proportion, that is, 22.4% (235/1049), of adolescents were tobacco consumers. Out of 235 consumers, 104 were smokers, 65 were consuming smokeless tobacco, and 66 were consuming both forms of tobacco. In multivariate analysis, age, sex, grade of participants, pocket money, family history of tobacco and alcohol consumption, maternal education, and per capita income were found to be significant predictors of tobacco consumption (P < 0.05). Tobacco consumption is highly common in Rajasthan's rural adolescent population, and it begins at a very young age. Hence, corrective measures need to be initiated in an early stage of life. To reduce the impact of social norms, peer pressure, and family members who consume tobacco, the behavioral change communication activities must be strengthened.

Treatment Outcome of Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes under RNTCP in a Tertiary Care Centre, Chengalpattu, India: A Prospective Cohort StudyTreatment Outcome of Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes under RNTCP in a Tertiary Care Centre, Chengalpattu, India: A Prospective Cohort Study

Introduction: Diabetes increases the risk of Tuberculosis (TB) by three times, and this bidirectional association is currently one of the major concerns. A stronger evidence base is required to clarify the impact of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on the treatment outcome of TB. Aim: To compare the treatment outcome among diabetic and non diabetic patients on Category-I TB treatment based on the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP). Also, to assess the various factors influencing the treatment outcome of TB among diabetic patients. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 75 newly diagnosed TB patients enrolled for Category-I treatment Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, between October 2018 to November 2019. All patients with TB underwent blood glucose screening at treatment initiation and were categorised into two groups: with diabetes and without diabetes. Demographic details, family history of DM, smoking, alcohol consumption, and clinical profile were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and followed-up for six months to assess their treatment outcome. The treatment outcome was compared statistically based on diabetes status using the Chi-square test. Results: The mean age of the study population was 49.9±0.5 years, with the majority being male 56 (74.7%). More than half of the study population belonged to a low socio-economic status. Among the study population, 42 (56%) were diabetic, with a mean blood glucose level of 242.7±80.5 mg/dL. Eighty-two percent had Pulmonary TB, with a 68% smear positivity rate among diabetic patients. In terms of treatment outcome, 44 (58.7%) were cured, 15 (20%) completed treatment, 10 (13.3%) were lost to followup, and 6 (8%) expired during the treatment course. Conclusion: Smear positivity and pulmonary TB were predominant among patients with diabetes. Treatment completion was lower, and mortality was higher among diabetic patients with TB.

Abstract A077: Are anthropometric measures associated with prostate cancer in Nigerian men?

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s): Despite prostate cancer (PCa) being a public health problem globally, much remains unknown of its etiology. Though obesity is a probable risk factor for prostate cancer measurable by anthropometric indices, its impact on PCa development with other risk factors has not been explored among Nigerian men. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that anthropometric indices are higher in prostate cancer patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. Materials/Methods: The study was a case-control study conducted in four tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. The cases were newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, while the controls were age-matched healthy men confirmed to be cancer-free with normal PSA. Patients with weight loss (self-reported) in the past month, ECOG ≥3, and uncontrolled comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) were not eligible. Socio-demographics (age, marital status, ethnicity, the highest level of education, occupation, and employment status) and clinical history (high-fat diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol, family history of prostate cancer, and Gleason score [for cases]) using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric measures (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio [WHR]) physically measured were obtained from all participants. The socio-demographics and the clinical history were compared between cases and controls using a chi-square test. The comparison of the anthropometric measures between the groups and their correlation with Gleason's score were determined using a t-test. Results: Seventy-three prostate cancer cases (PCa) and seventy-three age-matched healthy controls (Co) were recruited for the study. The mean age was 64.20 years (SD = 6.184). Only the mean WHR was of significant difference between the PCa and the Co (0.98 [SD=0.07] PCa: 0.93 [SD=0.06] Co, p=&amp;lt;0.0001). Forty-three (58.9%) of the cases had high-grade diseases (Gleason Score 8-10). No significant association was found between anthropometric indices and the disease grade. PCa and Co groups differ by regular exercise (32PCa [43.8%]:47Co [64.4%]; p=0.013), family history of PCa (14PCa [19.2%]:2Co [2.7%]; p=0.001), tobacco smoking (28PCa [38.4%]:15Co [20.5%]; p=0.018), and alcohol consumption (57PCa [78.1%]:43Co [58.9%]; p=0.013). Conclusion: Patients with PCa had higher WHR and were more likely physically inactive, have a family history of prostate cancer, smoke tobacco, or drink alcohol. PCa in Nigerian men are predominantly high-grade, and there was no association between Gleason grade and anthropometric indices. Citation Format: Kehinde O. Adeyinka. Are anthropometric measures associated with prostate cancer in Nigerian men? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A077.