History Of Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Functional connectivity and network analysis in adolescents with major depressive disorder showing suicidal behavior

BackgroundThis study aimed to gather a homogeneous sample of adolescent patients to analyze the differences in functional connectivity and brain network parameters between suicidal and non-suicidal major depressive disorder (MDD) patients using a data-driven whole-brain approach. MethodsPatients recruited at the psychiatry department of Korea University Guro Hospital from November 2014 to March 2020 were diagnosed with MDD, were 13–18 years old, had IQ scores >80, had no family history of psychotic or personality disorders, had no smoking or alcohol consumption history, and were drug-naïve to psychotropic medication. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Children's Depression Inventory. Structural and functional MRI scans were conducted and analyzed using the CONN toolbox. ResultsOf 74 enrolled patients, 62 were analyzed. Regions of interest (ROIs) showing higher betweenness centrality in non-suicidal patients were the left superior temporal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus. ROIs showing higher betweenness centrality in suicidal patients were the right hippocampus, left intracalcarine cortex, right inferior temporal gyrus, and the lateral visual network. Suicidal patients also showed different resting state functional connectivity profiles from non-suicidal patients. LimitationsSmall sample size. ConclusionSuicidal patients may overthink and overvalue future risks while having a more negatively biased autobiographical memory. Social cognition and the ability to overcome egocentricity bias seem to weaken. Such features can disrupt cognitive recovery and resilience, leading to more suicidal behaviors. Therefore, increased suicidality is not acquired, but is an innate trait.

Investigation of the prevalence of community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients referred to Sadri Ibn Sina Hospital in 1401

Background: Pneumonia is the sixth cause of death and the most common infectious syndrome associated with death. Most cases of pneumonia are caused by microorganisms. We evaluated the prevalence and epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Sadri Ibn Sina Hospital in 1401. Methods: This cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted from the beginning to the end of 1401 on the files of patients referred to the Chest Department of Ibn Sina Hospital. Results: 431 patients were examined for the final analysis. This research included 228 men and 203 women. The mean age of the subjects was 59 years. Most of the studied patients were from Kabul Province. Among the subjects studied, smoked, patients had a history of alcohol consumption, and patients had a history of hospitalization less than one week Conclusion: According to studies, hospital-acquired pneumonia is the second most common hospital infection and it happens abundantly in the intensive-care departments..The results of a study in Europe have shown that hospital-acquired pneumonia occurs in 47% of all infections in the intensive care unit. In our study (52.9%) patients had a history of hospitalization less than one week.

Relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and bone mineral density in elderly Chinese

ObjectiveAs our society grows older, both bone loss and fatty liver have become important issues. However, the relationship between reduced bone mineral density and fatty liver remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and less bone mineral density in the ankles of Chinese people over 65.MethodsThe research included 716 older adults over the age of 65 who underwent a comprehensive health screening. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and ankle bone mineral density.ResultsA logistic regression model was used to analyze the odds ratios of reduced bone mineral density between patients with fatty liver and controls. In the adjusted model, adjustments were made for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, overweight rate, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of smoking, history of alcohol consumption, fasting glucose, hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, waist circumference, total protein, albumin, and globulin. The adjusted OR (aOR) for reduced bone mineral density was 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45–0.97, P = 0.034 < 0.05]. In subgroup analysis by age, sex, and BMI, women, age > 75 years, and BIM < 25 were statistically significant.ConclusionThis study suggested that NAFLD is associated with a reduced risk of reduced heel bone mass. More research needs to be done to back up the results of this study and look into possible problems.

Need of belonging, Mexican men's normative socialization, and machismo as the root of couple problems, the role of alcohol use, and intimate partner violence

This research aims to understand and describe the etiology and mechanisms that maintain the association between alcohol consumption and violence perpetrated by Mexican men against their female partners. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using the focus group technique, with the participation of 14 men recruited through a marketing campaign in social networks, all with a history of intimate partner violence and alcohol consumption (assessed using the AUDIT and a semi-structured questionnaire). The data analysis was done manually, based on grounded theory, and subjected to three triangulation types. According to the results, the etiology of the association between alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence is the inadequate satisfaction of the need for bonding (attachment), imposed by the normative socialization of being a man, culturally known as machismo; an association that is maintained mainly by emotional dysregulation, lack of cohabitation skills in couples and poor management of the family economy. The results bring to the table a well-known, but little-considered fact: both alcohol consumption and the exercise of violence are strongly influenced by culture, which makes it necessary to investigate the phenomenon, emphasizing the peculiarities of the population under study. These results can be considered an indicator of the components necessary to develop an intervention that addresses both variables in the Mexican population

Nutritional Status and Sleep Quality Are Associated with Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results from Tokyo Sleep Heart Study.

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has been observed to be much higher than in control participants without AF. Limited data exist regarding the prevalence of AF in patients with OSA. The clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and sleep parameters associated with AF in patients with OSA remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with AF in patients with OSA from a large Japanese sleep cohort (Tokyo Sleep Heart Study). This was a single-center explorative cross-sectional study. Between November 2004 and June 2018, we consecutively recruited 2569 patients with OSA who underwent an overnight full polysomnography at our hospital. They were assessed using a 12-lead ECG and echocardiography. The clinical characteristics, sleep parameters, and medical history were also determined. Of the OSA patients, 169 (6.6%) had AF. Compared with the non-AF patients, OSA patients with AF were older and male, and they had higher prevalence of a history of alcohol consumption, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and undernutrition, as well as a reduced ejection fraction. With regard to the sleep study parameters, OSA patients with AF had reduced slow-wave sleep and sleep efficiency, as well as higher periodic limb movements. There were no significant differences in the apnea-hypopnea index or hypoxia index between the two groups. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (OR = 4.020; 95% CI: 1.895-8.527; p < 0.001), a history of alcohol consumption (OR = 2.718; 95% CI: 1.461-5.057; p = 0.002), a high CONUT score (OR = 2.129; 95% CI: 1.077-4.209; p = 0.030), and reduced slow-wave sleep (OR = 5.361; 95% CI: 1.505-19.104; p = 0.010) were factors significantly related to AF. The prevalence of AF in patients with OSA was 6.6%. Age, a history of alcohol consumption, undernutrition, and reduced sleep quality were independent risk factors for the presence of AF in patients with OSA, regardless of the severity of OSA.

Comparison of risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke, a prospective long-term follow-up cohort study

Objective: To analyze and compare the risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke and understand the exposure levels in population. Methods: A cohort study of risk factors of stroke was conducted in a rural community in Fengxian District of Shanghai in 2003, and the common risk factors of stroke were investigated at baseline survey, the cerebrovascular hemodynamics indexes were detected, the cerebrovascular function score was calculated according to the unified integral rule, and the incidence of stroke was observed in follow up. The risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke were analyzed by cohort study. The risk factors for two subtypes of stroke were compared. Result: A total of 10 565 participants were included in the study, with a mean follow-up period of (11.15±2.26) years, and 103 hemorrhagic stroke cases and 268 ischemic stroke cases were observed during follow-up period. The independent risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke included decreased cerebrovascular function score [hazard ratio (HR)=1.56, 95%CI: 1.23-1.98], history of alcohol consumption (HR=2.46, 95%CI: 1.39-4.34), hypertension (HR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00-3.07) and older age (HR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.10). The independent risk factors of ischemic stroke included decreased cerebrovascular function score (HR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.25-1.65), smoking history (HR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.13-2.05), hypertension (HR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.10-2.07), family history of stroke (HR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.13-3.15), left ventricular hypertrophy (HR=1.74, 95%CI: 1.07-2.81) and older age (HR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.05-1.08). Conclusions: Decreased cerebrovascular function score, hypertension, and older age were common independent risk factors of both types of stroke, alcohol consumption history was an independent risk factor of hemorrhagic stroke, and smoking history, and family history of stroke and left ventricular hypertrophy were independent risk factors of ischemic stroke.

Analysis of efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and （or） surgery plus radiotherapy for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Objective:To analyze the risk factors that affect the prognosis of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma（HPSCC） and to compare the efficacy of surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy（SR） with that of neoadjuvant therapy consisting of platinum-based chemotherapy and fluorouracil combined with either cetuximab or nimotuzumab, followed by SR. The study also aimed to evaluate the overall survival（OS） of patients, their postoperative eating function, tracheostomy decannulation rate, and tumor response to the two neoadjuvant chemotherapies. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of HPSCC patients who received SR or neoadjuvant therapy followed by SR treatment at the Shanghai General Hospital from 2012 to 2019 and had not undergone any prior treatment. The prognostic factors were analyzed, and the survival analysis of patients who underwent SR treatment with two neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens was performed. Results:A total of 108 patients were included in the study. The results of the univariate analysis showed that gender（P=0.850） had no significant correlation with the survival rate of HPSCC patients who underwent SR. However, age, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio（PLR）, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio（NLR）, T stage, N stage, neoadjuvant therapy with either cetuximab or nimotuzumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy and fluorouracil, and histological grade were significantly associated with prognosis（P<0.05）. The multivariate analysis revealed that smoking history, histological grade, and neoadjuvant therapy with either cetuximab or nimotuzumab combined with platinum-based chemotherapy and fluorouracil were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HPSCC（P<0.05）. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy had longer OS than those who underwent SR only（P<0.001）. There was no significant difference in tumor response to the two neoadjuvant therapies and in OS（P>0.05）, and there was no significant difference in the rate of oral feeding and tracheostomy decannulation among the three treatment groups（P>0.05）. Conclusion:Univariate analysis showed that age at tumor onset, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, NLR, PLR, T stage, N stage, whether receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and pathological grade were associated with the prognosis of HPSCC patients receiving SR treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking history, pathological grade, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cetuximab or nimotuzumab can prolong the OS of patients, providing a certain basis and reference for the treatment of HPSCC.

Long working hours and risk of hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage among Japanese workers claiming compensation for overwork-related intracerebral haemorrhage: an unmatched case–control study

ObjectivesOverwork-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) constitute a major occupational and public health issue worldwide. However, to our knowledge, few studies have reported the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We aimed to...

Risk factors and management strategies for atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia characterised by the irregular and frequently fast depolarization of the atrial myocardium resulting from a disturbance of the usual electrical conduction routes within the atria, which causes disorganised and ineffective atrial contractions. The management of AF involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes identifying and treating underlying risk factors, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. The risk factors for AF include age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, alcohol consumption, sleep apnea, and family history. The management strategies for AF include rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage closure, lifestyle modifications, surgical ablation, catheter ablation, cardioversion, and education and support. The choice of management strategy should be tailored to the individual patient’s risk profile, comorbidities, and other factors. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of AF and to develop more effective management strategies for this condition.

Prevalence of Dysglycaemia and Diabetes Mellitus amongst Adults in High-burden Kidney Disease Areas of Jigawa State, Nigeria

Abstract Background: Dysglycaemia and diabetes mellitus (DM) are important and preventable risk factors associated with kidney diseases, cardiovascular complications, and mortality worldwide. Aim: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with dysglycaemia and diabetes among adults in high-burden kidney disease areas of Jigawa State, Northwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of representative sample of 361 adults, aged ≥18 years, was conducted in four local government areas (LGAs) of Jigawa State, considered to have a high burden of kidney disease requiring hemodialysis. Data were collected using a modified World Health Organization STEPS questionnaire using a multistage sampling technique and were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, with statistical significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The minimum age of the respondents was 18 and the maximum was 102 with a median of 45 (interquartile range = 30–80) years. The majority of the respondents 89.5% were &gt;24 years of age. The prevalence of dysglycemia and DM in the high-burden LGAs was 10.5% and 3.6%, respectively. Dutse LGA had the highest prevalence of dysglycemia 16.7%, followed by Hadejia LGA with a prevalence of 12.2%. On the other hand, Hadejia LGA had the highest prevalence of DM 7.7%, followed by Jahun LGA with a prevalence of 3.3%. Age ≥40 years, family histories of diabetes, being overweight, alcohol ingestion, and previous blood sugar tests were identified as factors associated with DM. The odds of developing diabetes were significantly higher among those with a reported history of alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, and overweight. Conclusion: Dysglycaemia and diabetes are significant public health problems, and many people who have the conditions are unaware they have them. Family history of diabetes, alcohol ingestion, and overweight are important risk factors. The government and all the relevant stakeholders should prioritize community screening and other relevant interventions for early detection and timely management of cases.

The Effect of Personality Types on Blood Pressure in Female Patients Over 17 Years of Age

Hypertension is non-communicable and one of the main sources of premature death in the world, but the cause of this disease generally is still unknown. It is important to note that personality types are included among the suspected influencing factors due to being related to controlling behavior, emotions, and stress. According to Hippocrates-Galenus, they are divided into sanguine, melancholy, choleric, and phlegmatic. Therefore, this research aimed to determine respondents' characteristics, differences in blood pressure (BP) between personality types, and the effect of personality types on BP. The design employed was descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional approach, and the sample used was 56 respondents, selected by purposive sampling technique. The data on personality types were collected by filling out a questionnaire, while BP data were obtained through BP measurement with a digital tensimeter, and the analysis was conducted with Fisher's Exact, Kruskal-Wallis, and one-way ANOVA tests. The results showed that most respondents, i.e. 62.5% were aged 17-29 years, 20% had BMI ≥27 or Obesity, 10.7% had SBP/DBP=140-149/90-99 or hypertension stage 1, 37.5% were married, 26.8% had birth control history, alcohol consumption history =0%, smoking history =1.8%, 35.7% had phlegmatic personality type, and 10.7% suffered hypertension. The results showed that there was a significant difference between personality types and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively p=0,03 and 0,045. There is no effect of each personality type on blood pressure (p&gt;0,05). In conclusion, despite the different SBP and DBP values of personality types, no effect is created on BP.

307. A REVIEW OF 31 SUPERFICIAL ESOPHAGEAL CANCER CASES WITHOUT HISTORY OF HABITUAL DRINKING OR SMOKING OBSERVED IN OUR HOSPITAL

Abstract Background In Japan, alcohol consumption, smoking, and genetic an aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphisms are risk factors for most esophageal squamous cell carcinomas(ESCC). However, only a limited number of cases have been observed without these risk factors in daily practice. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the endoscopic findings of 31 lesions in 29 patients with ESCC who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at our hospital without a history of habitual alcohol consumption or smoking (hereafter referred to as ‘risk factors’). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively examined the endoscopic findings, final diagnoses, and patient and lesion backgrounds of 31 lesions from 29 patients of ESCC without risk factors who underwent ESD from January 2017 to December 2022 at our hospital. Results A total of 27 women and two men, median age 72 (44–87) years, were included; 10 patients were on proton pump inhibitors, 12 patients had a history of cancer, and 12 patients had a family history of cancer in the first degree. Additionally, three patients had multiple heterochronic lesions, one patient had a speckled esophagus, and two patients had grade B gastroesophageal reflux disease according to the revised Los Angeles classification. Occupied site; Ut/Mt/Lt = 4/24/3, circumferential; anterior/posterior/left/right wall = 0/16/10/5, macroscopic type; 0-IIa/0-IIb/0-IIc/mixed type = 4/10/15/2, median lesion length 17(5–45) mm, wall depth; EP/LPM/MM/SM1 = 11/18/1/1/1, all vascular invasions were negative. A total of 22 lesions had white-tone mucosa on their surface, suggesting superficial keratinization or hyperkeratinization. The lesions were diverse in shape. Additionally, seven lesions were observed which tended to run longitudinally with long axial lengths, all located on the posterior wall of Mt, and white adherent material was observed in six lesions. Iodine staining was performed in 30 lesions, all of which were unstained, and six of them had indistinct borders with inflammatory changes in the background. A total of three patients had synchronous/heterochronic multiple esophageal cancers. Conclusion The white adherents running longitudinally in the posterior wall of the Mt and its white tone in patients with no risk factors suggest the possibility of previously unrecognized lesions and the need for close endoscopic examination, along with iodine staining and biopsy.

A prediction nomogram for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Background The present study aimed to develop and validate a new nomogram for predicting the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving antiviral therapy from real-world data. Methods The nomogram was established based on a real-world retrospective study of 764 patients with HBV from October 2008 to July 2020. A predictive model for the incidence of HCC was developed by multivariable Cox regression, and a nomogram was constructed. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were assessed by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Risk group stratification was performed to assess the predictive capacity of the nomogram. The nomogram was compared to three current commonly used predictive models. Results A total of 764 patients with HBV were recruited for this study. Age, family history of HCC, alcohol consumption, and Aspartate aminotransferase-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) were all independent risk predictors of HCC in CHB patients. The constructed nomogram had good discrimination with a C-index of 0.811. The calibration curve and DCA also proved the reliability and accuracy of the nomogram. Three risk groups (low, moderate, and high) with significantly different prognoses were identified (p < 0.001). The model’s performance was significantly better than that of other risk models. Conclusions The nomogram was superior in predicting HCC risk among CHB patients who received antiviral treatment. The model can be utilized in clinical practice to aid decision-making on the strategy of long-term HCC surveillance, especially for moderate- and high-risk patients.

A study on the mediation effect of insulin use on diabetic retinopathy in a community population

Objective: To explore the risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes and the mediating effect of insulin use on the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and DR. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Random cluster sampling was conducted using a random number table method. A total of 84 sampling points (including 2 pilot points) were selected from the registered population of patients with type 2 diabetes aged 50 years and above at the Disease Prevention and Control Center in Funing County, Jiangsu Province. Questionnaires and biochemical tests were performed to obtain information on the general characteristics of the participants, medical history, insulin use, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Ocular examinations, including anterior segment and fundus examinations, were conducted. The participants were divided into two groups, DR (diabetic retinopathy) and non-DR, based on the presence or absence of retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, neovascularization, preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the influencing factors for DR. The Karlson-Holm-Breen analysis method was used for mediation effect analysis. Results: A total of 2 067 diabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 1 965 completed the survey and 1 802 were included in the statistical analysis, resulting in a response rate of 87.2%. Among them, 660 patients were diagnosed with DR, with a detection rate of 36.63%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that diabetes duration (OR=1.166, 95%CI: 1.138-1.196), family history of diabetes (OR=1.325, 95%CI: 1.001-1.755), insulin therapy (OR=1.995, 95%CI: 1.434-2.777), HbA1c level (OR=1.513, 95%CI: 1.189-1.925), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.712, 95%CI: 0.514-0.985) were independent risk factors for DR. The mediating effect of insulin use accounted for 13.67% of the total effect of HbA1c on DR (P<0.001). Conclusions: The risk factors for DR in patients with diabetes include a history of insulin therapy, longer duration of diabetes, family history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, and high HbA1c levels. Insulin use increases the impact of HbA1c on DR and has a partial mediating effect on DR.

Comparisons of the prediction models for undiagnosed diabetes between machine learning versus traditional statistical methods

We compared the prediction performance of machine learning-based undiagnosed diabetes prediction models with that of traditional statistics-based prediction models. We used the 2014–2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (N = 32,827). The KNHANES 2014–2018 data were used as training and internal validation sets and the 2019–2020 data as external validation sets. The receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve (AUC) was used to compare the prediction performance of the machine learning-based and the traditional statistics-based prediction models. Using sex, age, resting heart rate, and waist circumference as features, the machine learning-based model showed a higher AUC (0.788 vs. 0.740) than that of the traditional statistical-based prediction model. Using sex, age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, hypertension, alcohol consumption, and smoking status as features, the machine learning-based prediction model showed a higher AUC (0.802 vs. 0.759) than the traditional statistical-based prediction model. The machine learning-based prediction model using features for maximum prediction performance showed a higher AUC (0.819 vs. 0.765) than the traditional statistical-based prediction model. Machine learning-based prediction models using anthropometric and lifestyle measurements may outperform the traditional statistics-based prediction models in predicting undiagnosed diabetes.

The East Asian-specific LPL p.Ala288Thr (c.862G > A) missense variant exerts a mild effect on protein function

BackgroundLipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the key enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglycerides. Loss-of-function variants in the LPL gene are associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and HTG-related diseases. Unlike nonsense, frameshift and canonical GT-AG splice site variants, a pathogenic role for clinically identified LPL missense variants should generally be confirmed by functional analysis. Herein, we describe the clinical and functional analysis of a rare LPL missense variant.MethodsChinese patients with HTG-associated acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) were screened for rare nonsense, frameshift, missense or canonical GT-AG splice site variants in LPL and four other lipid metabolism-related genes (APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1 and LMF1) by Sanger sequencing. The functional consequences of the LPL missense variant of interest were characterized by in vitro expression in HEK-293T and COS-7 cells followed by Western blot and LPL activity assays.ResultsFive unrelated HTG-AP patients were found to be heterozygous for a rare East Asian-specific LPL missense variant, c.862G > A (p.Ala288Thr). All five patients were adult males, and all were overweight and had a long history of alcohol consumption. Transfection of LPL wild-type and c.862G > A expression vectors into two cell lines followed by Western blot analysis served to exclude the possibility that the p.Ala288Thr missense variant either impaired protein synthesis or increased protein degradation. Contrary to a previous functional study that claimed that p.Ala288Thr had a severe impact on LPL function (reportedly having 36% normal activity), our experiments consistently demonstrated that the variant had a comparatively mild effect on LPL functional activity, which was mediated through its impact upon LPL protein secretion (~ 20% reduced secretion compared to wild-type).ConclusionsIn this study, we identified the East Asian-specific LPL c.862G > A (p.Ala288Thr) missense variant in five unrelated HTG-AP patients. We demonstrated that this variant exerted only a relatively mild effect on LPL function in two cell lines. Heterozygosity for this LPL variant may have combined with alcohol consumption to trigger HTG-AP in these patients.

Incompleteness trends of epidemiological variables in a Brazilian high complexity cancer registry: An ecological time series study.

Hospital Cancer Registries serve as a vital source of information for clinical and epidemiological research, allowing the evaluation of patient care outcomes through therapeutic protocol analysis and patient survival assessment. This study aims to assess the trend of incompleteness in the epidemiological variables within the Hospital Cancer Registry of a renowned oncology center in a Brazilian state. An ecological time-series study was conducted using secondary data from the Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia Cancer Registry in Espírito Santo between 2000 and 2016. Data completeness was categorized as follows: excellent (<5%), good (5%-10%), fair (10%-20%), poor (20%-50%), and very poor (>50%), based on the percentage of missing information. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed using the free software RStudio (version 2022.07.2) and R (version 4.1.0). The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess temporal trends between the evaluated years, and the Friedman test was employed to evaluate quality scores across the years. Among the variables assessed, birthplace, race/color, education, occupation, origin, marital status, history of alcohol and tobacco consumption, previous diagnosis and treatment, the most important basis for tumor diagnosis, tumor-node-metastasis staging (TNM) staging, and clinical tumor staging by group (TNM) showed the highest levels of incompleteness. Conversely, other epidemiological variables demonstrated excellent completeness, reaching 100% throughout the study period. Significant trends were observed over the years for history of alcohol consumption (P < .001), history of tobacco consumption (P < .001), TNM staging (P = .016), clinical tumor staging by group (TNM) (P = .002), first treatment received at the hospital (P = .012), disease status at the end of the first treatment at the hospital (P < .001), and family history of cancer (P < .001), and tumor laterality (P = .032). While most epidemiological variables within the Hospital Santa Rita de Cássia Cancer Registry exhibited excellent completeness, some important variables, such as TNM staging and clinical staging, showed high levels of incompleteness. Ensuring high-quality data within Cancer Registries is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the health-disease process.

Chest wall mass as a sign of ignored hepatocellular carcinoma in an alcoholic cirrhotic patient: a case report.

The authors report a case of a 68-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol consumption who presented with epigastric pain, abdominal distension, and a hard, tender lump on the right posterolateral aspect of his back. Investigation revealed HCC with isolated metastasis to the posterior thoracic wall. HCC usually develops secondary to chronic hepatitis B and C infection in the background of chronic liver disease. Common presenting symptoms of bone metastasis include local pain, neurological manifestations, palpable subcutaneous masses, and pathological fractures. An immunohistochemistry analysis is important to differentiate HCC from non-HCC metastasis in patients without known underlying HCC. Treatment is often directed towards palliative care as the prognosis is poor. An isolated rib mass can be an initial presentation of metastatic HCC. Thus, HCC with bone metastasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients presenting with painful swelling in the thoracic region.

Prevalence of oral premalignant lesions in the area with the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal cancer

Objective: According to research conducted in Iran, from 141450 cases of reported cancer between 2003-2006, 1896 cases of oral and lip cancer have been reported. The timely and prompt diagnosis of this disease reduces mortality, increases longevity, reduces damage to adjacent structures, reduces financial costs, and unwanted side effects. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral premalignant lesions in the oral cavity and the factors related to it in Golestan province. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, 1900 Iranian subjects living in Golestan province, regardless of gender, aged 40 and above, participated voluntarily and randomly. Initially, a questionnaire containing demographic information, assessment of habits and risk factors was completed for each patient in an interview form, followed by oral examination on all patients. Statistical analysis of data was done by SPSS 22. Results: The mean age of these individuals was 49.5 ± 10.3 years and the highest premalignant lesions were observed in the age range of 70-80 years. Of the 1900 participants, 69 (3.6%) had pre-malignant lesions. Among the pre-malignant lesions, the prevalence of lichen planus was 49.28%, leukoplakia was 14.49%, and the suspected malignancy was 18.8%. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the use of tobacco with the development of pre-malignant lesions (p &lt;0.01). Cigarette alone showed the highest association with the development of pre-malignant lesions. Conclusions: In this study, there was a significant relationship between risk factors such as age, ethnicity and smoking with the development of premalignant lesions in people. However, risk factors such as alcohol consumption and family history did not show a significant relationship.

High-risk TP53 mutations predict poor primary treatment response of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge worldwide and is associated with a poor survival rate. Due to the variability in the efficacy of treatments for HNSCC, new predictive biomarkers of therapy outcomes are needed. Recently, we developed an algorithm that employs the mutational profile of TP53 as an independent prognostic factor in HNSCC. In this study, we investigated its role as a predictive biomarker of treatment outcomes in HNSCC patients. We also tested the usefulness of two classification systems for TP53 mutational landscapes. Clinical and genomic data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We built a multivariate stepwise backward binary regression model to assess the role of TP53 mutations in predicting therapeutic outcomes. Cases harbouring high-risk-of-death mutations reported an odds ratio of 3.301 for stable or progressive disease compared to wild-type cases, while no significant difference in treatment outcomes was found between cases with low-risk-of-death mutations and wild-type TP53. Our analysis found that older patients with a history of alcohol consumption had a higher risk of stable/progressive disease. This study improves current evidence on the role of TP53 mutations in treatment response in HNSCC patients.