Abstract A077: Are anthropometric measures associated with prostate cancer in Nigerian men?

Abstract

Abstract Purpose/Objective(s): Despite prostate cancer (PCa) being a public health problem globally, much remains unknown of its etiology. Though obesity is a probable risk factor for prostate cancer measurable by anthropometric indices, its impact on PCa development with other risk factors has not been explored among Nigerian men. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that anthropometric indices are higher in prostate cancer patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. Materials/Methods: The study was a case-control study conducted in four tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. The cases were newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients, while the controls were age-matched healthy men confirmed to be cancer-free with normal PSA. Patients with weight loss (self-reported) in the past month, ECOG ≥3, and uncontrolled comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) were not eligible. Socio-demographics (age, marital status, ethnicity, the highest level of education, occupation, and employment status) and clinical history (high-fat diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol, family history of prostate cancer, and Gleason score [for cases]) using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and anthropometric measures (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-hip ratio [WHR]) physically measured were obtained from all participants. The socio-demographics and the clinical history were compared between cases and controls using a chi-square test. The comparison of the anthropometric measures between the groups and their correlation with Gleason's score were determined using a t-test. Results: Seventy-three prostate cancer cases (PCa) and seventy-three age-matched healthy controls (Co) were recruited for the study. The mean age was 64.20 years (SD = 6.184). Only the mean WHR was of significant difference between the PCa and the Co (0.98 [SD=0.07] PCa: 0.93 [SD=0.06] Co, p=<0.0001). Forty-three (58.9%) of the cases had high-grade diseases (Gleason Score 8-10). No significant association was found between anthropometric indices and the disease grade. PCa and Co groups differ by regular exercise (32PCa [43.8%]:47Co [64.4%]; p=0.013), family history of PCa (14PCa [19.2%]:2Co [2.7%]; p=0.001), tobacco smoking (28PCa [38.4%]:15Co [20.5%]; p=0.018), and alcohol consumption (57PCa [78.1%]:43Co [58.9%]; p=0.013). Conclusion: Patients with PCa had higher WHR and were more likely physically inactive, have a family history of prostate cancer, smoke tobacco, or drink alcohol. PCa in Nigerian men are predominantly high-grade, and there was no association between Gleason grade and anthropometric indices. Citation Format: Kehinde O. Adeyinka. Are anthropometric measures associated with prostate cancer in Nigerian men? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A077.