Historical Perspective Research Articles

The Evolution of Democracy: Historical Perspectives and Modern Challenges

The Evolution of Democracy: Historical Perspectives and Modern Challenges

A Comparative Review of Cytokines and Cytokine Targeting in Sepsis: From Humans to Horses.

With the emergence of COVID-19, there is an increased focus in human literature on cytokine production, the implications of cytokine overproduction, and the development of novel cytokine-targeting therapies for use during sepsis. In addition to viral infections such as COVID-19, bacterial infections resulting in exposure to endotoxins and exotoxins in humans can also lead to sepsis, resulting in organ failure and death. Like humans, horses are exquisitely sensitive to endotoxin and are among the veterinary species that develop clinical sepsis similar to humans. These similarities suggest that horses may serve as a naturally occurring model of human sepsis. Indeed, evidence shows that both species experience cytokine dysregulation, severe neutropenia, the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and decreased perfusion parameters during sepsis. Sepsis treatments that target cytokines in both species include hemoperfusion therapy, steroids, antioxidants, and immunomodulation therapy. This review will present the shared cytokine physiology across humans and horses as well as historical and updated perspectives on cytokine-targeting therapy. Finally, this review will discuss the potential benefits of increased knowledge of equine cytokine mechanisms and their potential positive impact on human medicine.

Bringing the Future to Geomedia Studies: Geomedia as Sociotechnical Regime and Imaginary

Geomedia, representing an epochal shift in spatial mediations and spatialized media, changes daily life. This future-directed thematic issue advocates for contextualized understandings of geomedia that transcend contemporary hegemonic representations of technology. It recognizes the transformative powers of geomediatization processes and asks what “geomedia futures” such processes might bring about. Bridging critical geomedia studies and critical future studies, it challenges dominant narratives about tomorrow’s technological society and promotes the exploration of diverse, equitable, and sustainable futures with and under geomedia. Through numerous methodological approaches, the collected articles examine the role of geomedia in contexts such as urban planning, tourism, surveillance, governance, and policy. The thematic issue emphasizes the importance of envisioning alternative futures that resist technological rationalization and unethical exploitation of geospatial data, supporting more inclusive and human-centered mediatized places. This work contributes to ongoing debates in geomedia studies, highlighting the need for critical and interdisciplinary approaches to understand and shape our technological future.

The Walking Qur’an and its Contribution to Historical Perspectives and History of Islam in Africa

The Walking Qur’an and its Contribution to Historical Perspectives and History of Islam in Africa

Revisiting sex as a biological variable in hypertension research.

Half of adults in the United States have hypertension as defined by clinical practice guidelines. Interestingly, women are generally more likely to be aware of their hypertension and have their blood pressure controlled with treatment compared with men, yet hypertension-related mortality is greater in women. This may reflect the fact that the female sex remains underrepresented in clinical and basic science studies investigating the effectiveness of therapies and the mechanisms controlling blood pressure. This Review provides an overview of the impact of the way hypertension research has explored sex as a biological variable (SABV). Emphasis is placed on epidemiological studies, hypertension clinical trials, the genetics of hypertension, sex differences in immunology and gut microbiota in hypertension, and the effect of sex on the central control of blood pressure. The goal is to offer historical perspective on SABV in hypertension, highlight recent studies that include SABV, and identify key gaps in SABV inclusion and questions that remain in the field. Through continued awareness campaigns and engagement/education at the level of funding agencies, individual investigators, and in the editorial peer review system, investigation of SABV in the field of hypertension research will ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes.

О некоторых экономических аспектах оказания высокотехнологичной медицинской помощи на примере профиля «травматология и ортопедия».

The article is devoted to the consideration of a number of economic aspects of providing high-tech medical care using the example of traumatology and orthopedics: methodological approaches to the concept of high-tech medical care, assessment of economic efficiency, analysis of financial support methods, etc. These aspects are particularly relevant due to the high cost of providing high-tech medical care, especially against the background of the current sanctions policy of many Western states. The analysis of the sources and methods of financial support for the provision of high-tech medical care, including from the point of view of historical perspective and perspective, is given.

A Comprehensive Review on the Importance of Sustainable Synthesized Coinage Metal Nanomaterials and Their Diverse Biomedical Applications.

From a historical perspective, coinage metals (CMNMs) are most renowned for their monetary, ornamental, and metallurgical merits; nevertheless, as nanotechnology's potential has only just come to light, their metal nanostructures and uses may be viewed as products of modern science. Notable characteristics of CMNMs include visual, electrical, chemical, and catalytic qualities that depend on shape and size. Due diligence on the creation and synthesis of CMNMs and their possible uses has been greatly promoted by these characteristics. This review focuses on solution-based methods and provides an overview of the latest developments in CMNMs and their bimetallic nanostructures. It discusses a range of synthetic techniques, including conventional procedures and more modern approaches used to enhance functionality by successfully manipulating the CMNMs nanostructure's size, shape, and composition. To help with the design of new nanostructures with improved capabilities in the future, this study offers a brief assessment of the difficulties and potential future directions of these intriguing metal nanostructures. This review focuses on mechanisms and factors influencing the synthesis process, green synthesis, and sustainable synthesis methods. It also discusses the wide range of biological domains in which CMNMs are applied, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. Researchers will therefore find the appropriateness of both synthesizing and using CMNMS keeping in mind the different levels of environmental effects.

Analisis Perbandingan Konsep Pendidikan Islam dan Barat

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Islamic and Western concepts, focusing on their philosophical, cultural, and social dimensions. The study examines the underlying principles and values that shape each conceptual framework, highlighting similarities, differences, and areas of convergence. Through a comprehensive review of literature and historical perspectives, the paper explores key themes such as ethics, governance, justice, and human rights within both Islamic and Western traditions. Additionally, the analysis delves into the influence of historical events, religious beliefs, and cultural norms on the development and interpretation of these concepts in each tradition. By critically examining the similarities and differences between Islamic and Western concepts, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the diverse philosophical and cultural perspectives that shape global discourse and facilitate dialogue between different civilizations.

Tinjauan Pembaharuan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia

Renewing Islamic education in Indonesia is the main focus in facing changing times. This article explores the renewal of Islamic education from historical and contemporary perspectives, highlighting the background, methodology, results and thoughts of key figures. The research method uses a literature study and literature study approach, with data collection through electronic sources such as Google Scholar and digital libraries. The results of the research outline the concept of Islamic education reform, the background to the reform in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the influence of the reform on Islamic education in Indonesia. The main focus is on the thoughts of reformer figures such as Muhammad Abduh and Rasyid Ridha, who pushed back to the teachings of the Koran and Al-Hadith, the spirit of nationalism, and local factors. Renewing Islamic education in Indonesia includes the integration of digital literacy, critical thinking skills, improving infrastructure, and strengthening the values ​​of tolerance. This article also identifies approaches to renewing Islamic education, ranging from Western orientation to Islamic orientation and nationalism. Thus, the renewal of Islamic education in Indonesia is a continuous effort to improve the quality of education, strengthen Islamic identity, and prepare a generation that is ready to compete globally.

Nickel‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes and Other Unsaturated Systems: A Literature Overview

Transition metal‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization provides easy access to carbocycles and heterocycles in a single operation with complete atom economy. In recent years, nickel catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for constructing fused arenes and heteroarenes with high regio‐/chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. This review highlights the historical perspective and advances made in recent years in nickel‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of alkynes, diynes, and various unsaturated systems. The catalytic activity of the nickel complexes, such as Ni‐phosphine, Ni‐NHC, Ni‐pincer, Ni‐diimine, etc, and their mechanistic insights have been thoroughly examined. Highly substituted arenes have broad applications in pharmaceuticals and soft materials. The applications of cyclotrimerization in these areas have been illustrated.

What should economists do?: A historical perspective

The purpose of this paper is to present “What Should Economists Do?”, an article written by James Buchanan and published in 1964, in an historical perspective. We put forward an important point, namely the opposition with Ludwig von Mises, and Buchanan’s attempt at differentiating his approach from Mises. Instead of in addition to Robbins, that he nominally targeted, Buchanan was actually criticizing Mises. Buchanan thus defined economics in a very specific way, as a science that studies exchange but only when it results from a desire (or a propensity) to exchange.

The significance of dentistry: a historical perspective

The significance of dentistry: a historical perspective

A Historiographical Review of the Arts and Culture of Ampa Fare -Uma Lengge Tradition of the Maria Wawo Community in Indonesia

The Ampa Fare Uma Lengge tradition of the Maria Wawo community in Indonesia is a unique cultural practice reflecting its deep connection to its agricultural heritage and environment. The tradition involves the ceremonial storage of harvested rice in a communal barn known as the 'Uma Lengge', which embodies the values of thrift, cooperation and respect for Nature. This paper examines the evolution of this tradition and its associated architectural forms from a historical perspective. It focuses on how this tradition reflects three forms of culture: ideas, activities, and artifacts in the Maria Wawo community. This study uses a qualitative approach. It collects data through interviews, field observations and literature studies. The findings show that the Ampa Fare Uma Lengge tradition not only functions as a means of food storage, but also plays an important role in strengthening the community identity and solidarity, and reflects their adaptation to the environment. The unique architectural form of Uma Lengge also demonstrates the craftsmanship and aesthetic values of the community.

Overt Scientific Bias and Clandestine Acts by Trusted Scientists: The Flawed Application of the Linear No-threshold Model.

The Health Physics Society (HPS) released a video documentary on the history of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model in April 2022. It exposed many scientific and ethical failings of many leaders, influential scientists, and organizations that have resulted in the current system of radiological protection. Since then, the society received many comments; most were supportive, while a few criticized the video documentary as delivering an anti-LNT message. Shortly thereafter, many emails discovered via an independent Freedom of Information Act request revealed multiple layers of coordination between prominent people in the field of radiation protection to coopt the leadership within the HPS and suppress information they perceived or assumed to be contrary to a pro-LNT message. Many of these emails were published by JunkScience.com, an independent organization that exposes faulty scientific data and analyses used to advance special interests and hidden agendas. This Forum article is intended to document in the peer-reviewed literature the JunkScience.com findings of clandestine acts by trusted scientists within the radiation protection community. The emails exposed strong personal biases, actions taken by leaders within the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) to "save the Society" from its "downward spiral," and actions taken by NCRP and HPS members serving on a National Academies of Sciences committee to suppress scientific information relevant to the debate about health effects in low-dose environments. These anti-science actions harm our entire profession and the trust that Congress bestows on our scientific organizations expecting to receive objective recommendations based on sound science. It is important that these events are recorded in the scientific literature from a historical perspective. The radiation protection community will be judged not by what is revealed in this article but by what actions are taken from here.

Balancing Growth and Sustainability: Exploring the Optimal Global Population

This essay examines the implications of global population growth on sustainability and human development in the context of contemporary environmental challenges. With projections indicating a rise to 10.9 billion by 2100, concerns over resource scarcity and climate change intensify. The analysis utilizes the “IPAT” framework to explore how population size, affluence, and technology interact to shape environmental impacts. Historical perspectives, including Malthusian theory and the Green Revolution, are reviewed to assess their relevance in understanding current trends. Advances in agriculture, health sciences, and technology are highlighted as mitigating factors that challenge traditional notions of population limits. The essay concludes by discussing policy implications for achieving an “optimal” global population that balances sustainable development with improved living standards and environmental stewardship.

Historical Reasons for the Difference in Football Performance between China and Japan

The gap between China and Japan in football performance is widening, but few articles have been written on its impact on football from a historical perspective. This article hopes to bring some enlightenment and suggestions for the development direction of Chinese football in the process of studying the historical reasons of the two countries on the performance of football. This article compares the origin, folk development, representative significance, and political aspects of football in the two countries, and analyzes several factors that lead to differences in participation levels from the perspective of commercialization, official support, and historical background. It is concluded that the main impact of historical reasons on Chinese and Japanese football is the formation of a localized and mature football culture in Japan, which is not present in China. Based on this conclusion, it is concluded that the development direction of Chinese football should be aimed at developing and forming its own football culture.

Anthropology of development: historical review, problems and perspectives

Resumo O ensaio tem como objetivo introduzir o campo da antropologia do desenvolvimento, considerando suas trajetórias, assim como as complexas relações entre a antropologia e os processos de desenvolvimento. Para tal fim, busca reconstruir, sinteticamente, alguns dos episódios das relações históricas entre antropologia e desenvolvimento, atendendo a seus primeiros vínculos na forma da antropologia aplicada e posteriormente de antropologia para o desenvolvimento, até a antropologia do desenvolvimento e o campo maior dos estudos críticos do desenvolvimento. Nosso propósito também consiste em mostrar, sucintamente, as formas pelas quais a antropologia tem contribuído para a compreensão da produção do desenvolvimento, incluindo as formas de promoção de mudanças sociais e de diversos tipos de intervenções, especialmente no contexto das relações entre agências internacionais, Estados, políticas públicas e práticas sociais.

Farming as a Financial Asset: Global Finance and the Making of Institutional Landscapes : A Commentary

ABSTRACT: This book by Stefan Ouma presents a rich diversity of themes with compelling new insights into past theories, arguments, and proposals for a new conceptualization and understanding of the making of institutional landscapes. Due to this diversity—which is complicated by geographical, historical, and current contextual factors—the findings and conclusions provide new entry points to the student of radical political economy. It provides a break from the atemporal treatment of capital in agriculture in the land-grab literature by tracing the roots of capital in agriculture with a careful historical and disaggregated spatial context. The book uses Tanzania and Aotearoa New Zealand to make a case for spatial differentiation. It is a refreshing volume that disrupts old narratives on the workings of finance in agriculture by offering rich empirical material and evidence. The author argues succinctly and clearly, using refined historical, conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and empirical perspectives in showing how "finance goes farming." The data for this book emanates from serious global fieldwork across three continents with perspectives from other continents where different forms of finance operate in creating institutional landscapes. It extends our knowledge on global capital and agricultural development beyond the current the discourses. The author presents different lenses through which we can view "reality" in diverse contexts, especially through the lenses of capital itself, rather than only through the theoretical deductions and representations of affected social classes.

Discourse structuring markers in English: A historical constructionalist perspective on pragmatics by Elizabeth Closs Traugott (review)

Discourse structuring markers in English: A historical constructionalist perspective on pragmatics by Elizabeth Closs Traugott (review)

The Impact of Public Health on Health Monitoring

The relationship between public health and health monitoring has evolved significantly, shaped by historical developments, technological advancements, and changing societal needs. This paper examines the mutual influence of public health initiatives and health-monitoring systems, particularly in the context of late 20th-century England. The historical perspective highlights the role of public health efforts in establishing systematic health monitoring, which was critical for addressing widespread health issues. Key public health concepts and their implications for health monitoring are discussed, followed by an exploration of modern technological advancements, such as mobile health applications and wearable devices, which have transformed personal and population health management. Finally, the paper considers challenges and future directions, focusing on ethical concerns, the role of big data, and the need for integrated global health strategies. The paper argues that public health and health monitoring are increasingly interdependent, with advancements in health monitoring playing a vital role in shaping the future of public health. Keywords: Public health, Health monitoring, Technological advancements, Health surveillance, Wearable devices.