In the conditions of the modern world development, the problem of studying the international harmonization of the development of vocational education becomes relevant. The institutional analysis of the international harmonization of vocational and pedagogical education shows the changed requirements for the professional training of specialists in the context of globalization and the format of international integration of labor markets under construction. International harmonization of vocational education in the context of changed requirements for the performance of specific labor actions is carried out in accordance with the new socio-economic regulators in the training of professional personnel. The material in the work is presented by the scientific and pedagogical works of Chinese and Russian researchers on the problem of research. Comparative analysis and historical-genetic method are used as methods revealing the problem of international harmonization of vocational education in Russia and China. On the basis of comparative studies on the international harmonization of the vocational education development, the potential opportunities for the harmonization of vocational education in cross-border regions are determined. Within the framework of the historical-genetic method, the prerequisites that are conditioned by the existing state-social system are revealed. As a part of the popularization of the educational ideology of “lifelong learning”, integration into vocational pedagogical education and the development of professional pedagogical personnel is becoming one of the leading goals of education reform in many countries of the world. Through the use of professional communication between the teaching staff of both countries, it is possible to improve the quality of educational services provided, the formation of professional skills of university graduates and increase the rating of educational institutions of the Russian Federation and China on the international market. Further development and improvement of the international harmonization of professional and pedagogical education in Russia and China is the subject to further in-depth research in theory and practice in this area, and also requires solving existing problems.