History Characteristics Research Articles

Construction of street tree risk assessment system and empirical analysis based on non-destructive testing technologies

The traditional visual tree assessment method is subjective in evaluating tree risks and therefore not effective in precisely detecting internal decay in tree trunk and root systems. To improve the accuracy of street tree risk assessment, a new nondestructive testing method was proposed. This new tree risk assessment method combines different non-destructive testing technologies, such as sonic tomography and ground-penetrating radar, which could significantly increase the accuracy of risk assessment in tree trunks and roots. The method was applied to evaluate the risk of 1,001 street trees in Shanghai’s historical feature protection area. The results revealed that despite most street trees having low branch and trunk risk levels, more than one-third had high root risk levels. The risk factors of street trees were mainly in the trunk and root system, with a significant correlation between the street tree risk level and tree cavities, diseases, and insect pests, as well as the depth and range of the root distribution, leaning, and internal decay in trunks. With the help of non-destructive testing and risk assessment analysis, as well as targeted prevention measures, the possibility of street risk damage was largely reduced, including street trees tilting and collapsing during typhoons, etc.

Preserving Roots: A Commitement to Cultural and Heritage Landscape Conservation

Lal Bagh Palace in Indore, India, stands as an architectural marvel and a symbol of the region's rich cultural heritage. This research paper delves into the multifaceted endeavor of conserving Lal Bagh Palace as a cultural and heritage landscape. Through archival research, site documentation, stakeholder consultations, and community engagement, the study explores the historical significance, architectural features, and socio-cultural context of Lal Bagh Palace. It examines the challenges facing its conservation, including urban development pressures, environmental degradation, and the need for sustainable tourism management. The research also evaluates conservation initiatives undertaken to preserve the palace's integrity and authenticity while enhancing its accessibility and relevance to diverse audiences. By synthesizing insights from cultural and heritage conservation, landscape management, and community involvement, the paper proposes holistic strategies for sustaining Lal Bagh Palace as a vibrant cultural asset. This study contributes to the broader discourse on cultural and heritage landscape conservation by offering practical lessons and recommendations applicable to similar historic sites. Keywords: Cultural heritage preservation, Landscape conservation, Cultural roots, Heritage landscapes, Preservation strategies, Community involvement, Conservation practices, Cultural identity, Historical significance, Sustainable development, Cultural landscapes, Traditional knowledge, Indigenous heritage, Conservation policies, Interdisciplinary approach, Cultural stewardship, Ethnographic research, Cultural sustainability, Landscape management, Preservation challenges.

Perception about female entrepreneuship and the representation of women accountants in Sousa-PB

The field of accounting is no exception to the rule in terms of female evolution and with regard to its historical characteristics: the insertion of women in the labor market. It is worth noting, however, that gender inequality still exists, as women, in addition to receiving lower wages than men, still have their capacity tested within organizations, either due to the risk of pregnancy and/or a greater sense of responsibility within the home. The present study aims to identify the challenges faced in the accounting area by women in the city of Sousa-PB. To this end, a questionnaire was made on Google Forms and made available to respondents through a link sent by email and WhatsApp to undergraduate students at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus Sousa, of the Accounting Sciences course, as well as for women accountants registered with the CRC, in that municipality. The main results of the research denote the entrepreneurial characteristics present in the welcomed public, which found that the majority of this public, in its entirety female, has a potential entrepreneurial profile, in addition to concluding that women have total prominence as an agent of transformation of society.

A Study of Vernacular Architecture of Tamil Nadu

This research study examines the rich legacy of vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on its historical relevance, architectural features, and sustainable practices. Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture has a wide spectrum of forms, from major Dravidian temples to simple the village houses. These structures provide not just functional needs, but also represent the communities' cultural identity and religious values. Furthermore, vernacular architecture in Tamil Nadu is highly sensitive to the local environment, with buildings planned to maximize natural ventilation, lighting, and thermal comfort. Traditional building materials like lime, timber, and terracotta are supplied locally, reducing environmental effects, and encouraging sustainability. Focusing on historical documents and academic research this study investigates the cultural, socioeconomic, and environmental influences that have impacted Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture throughout the centuries. It also examines the current relevance of traditional architectural techniques in the context of growing urbanization and industrialization, highlighting the importance of maintaining and incorporating indigenous knowledge into sustainable development initiatives. Through case studies and comparative research, the article emphasizes the adaptability of Tamil Nadu's vernacular architecture, as well as its potential contributions to modern architectural discourse and sustainable design practices. Keywords- Vernacular, architecture, climate responsiveness, sustainability, Tamil Nadu, South India, courtyard, Chettinad.

Multi-layer CNN-LSTM network with self-attention mechanism for robust estimation of nonlinear uncertain systems.

With the help of robot technology, intelligent rehabilitation of patients with lower limb motor dysfunction caused by stroke can be realized. A key factor constraining the clinical application of rehabilitation robots is how to realize pattern recognition of human movement intentions by using the surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors to ensure unhindered human-robot interaction. A multilayer CNN-LSTM prediction network incorporating the self-attention mechanism (SAM) is proposed, in this paper, which can extract and learn the periodic and trend characteristics of the sEMG signals, and realize the accurate autoregressive prediction of the human motion information. Firstly, the multilayer CNN-LSTM network utilizes the CNN layer for initial feature extraction of data, and the LSTM network is used to improve the enhancement of the historical time-series features. Then, the SAM is used to improve the global feature extraction performance and parallel computation speed of the network. In comparison with existing test is carried out using actual data from five healthy subjects as well as a clinical hemiplegic patient to verify the superiority and practicality of the proposed algorithm. The results show that most of the model's prediction R > 0.9 for different motion states of healthy subjects; in the experiments oriented to the motion characteristics of patient subjects, the angle prediction results of R > 0.99 for the untrained data on the affected side, which proves that our proposed model also has a better effect on the angle prediction of the affected side. The main contribution of this paper is to realize continuous motion estimation of ankle joint for healthy and hemiplegic individuals under non-ideal conditions (weak sEMG signals, muscle fatigue, high muscle tension, etc.), which improves the pattern recognition accuracy and robustness of the sEMG sensor-based system.

Aquacritical Vistula: the deep mapping of literary sources within the emerging historiography of flooding (1934)

This article focuses on an aquacritical reading of literary sources within the emerging historiography of flooding. In 1934 the largest flood in the history of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) happened. After summer torrential rains the tributaries of the main river in Poland, the Vistula River, disrupted the functioning of the centrally-managed and newly recovered state. By using a deep mapping tool for river-related discourse analysis and for historical river management approach, the authors discuss different accounts of the 1934-flood: firstly, works from the historical period (J. Kurek, K. I. Gałczyński, relevant newspapers) and secondly, a contemporary reference to 1934 and flood narrative in prose (M. Płaza). All these literary sources contain numerous renamings of the Polish flood management dictionary but have one historical feature in common: they anchor the modern militarization of language in flood narratives (the fight against the river) and the symptomatic discourse of power and control (ruling over the river). Finally, these sources led the authors to the conclusion that both the Polish experience of World War I and later subsequent armed conflicts, as well as the impact of militarized state policy left their stamp on the flood lexicon and deepened the divide between humans and disempowered rivers.

The realization of the concept of the features of the historical novel by Walter Scott on the example of Barry Unsworth's novel "Moralite"

The article examines the features of the concept of the historical novel by Walter Scott on the example of Barry Unsworth's novel "Morality Play". The purpose of this article is to identify the features and principles of the historical method. The great merit of the outstanding Scottish writer Walter Scott (1771-1832) is that he introduced the principle of historicism into literature and wrote a number of brilliant historical novels. In them, readers see a picture of the struggle of contradictory and complex interests of various social groups, parties, and religious sects. His historical novels provided a better understanding of contemporary issues. He combined historical truth with fiction, explaining the validity of such a connection by saying that “the most important human passions in all their manifestations, as well as the sources that feed them, are common to all classes, states, countries and epochs; hence it invariably follows that although this state of society affects opinions, way of thinking and the actions of people, these latter are extremely similar in their very essence. Walter Scott was the founder of the historical novel in its modern sense. In the XIX century, he developed the principles of the historical method, which made it possible to create fascinating novels, freed from excessive archaization of language and at the same time fully conveying the originality and recognizable imprint of the described epoch. In the 19th century, along with the tradition dating back to Walter Scott, another form of aesthetic insight into the past also asserted itself. Real historical characters in such works are optional, although their presence is not excluded. The "hero" for the writer is not a historical event, but an "epoch". The author of such a work creates his own self-sufficient world, achieves credibility not by more or less accurately following historical material, but by the reality of the psychological experience of the characters, the reality (often illusory) of everyday life. The novel "Morality Play" is a historical detective novel by British writer Barry Unsworth, was published in 1995, and was first published in Russian in 2005. The novel is an example of a fruitful combination of two updated genres: new historical fiction and metaphysical detective.

The red color in Russian, French and Chinese linguistic cultures on the example of phraseology and proverbs

The research conducted in this article is aimed at analyzing color symbols in Russian, French and Chinese linguistic cultures using the analysis of phraseology and proverbs. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of phraseological units and proverbs containing color components in these languages. In the course of the study, both common and unique features in the color symbolism of each of the linguistic cultures under consideration were identified. Through a comparative analysis of phraseology and proverbs in different languages, it was possible to better understand how color embodies cultural norms, worldview and historical contexts in each nation. This allowed us to see which aspects of color are particularly significant for each culture and what associations and symbolic meanings are associated with them. Special attention is paid to the analysis of differences and similarities in the interpretation of color in the idiomatic expressions of each language. This allows us to understand which cultural and historical factors form unique views and ideas about color in each of the linguistic cultures under consideration. The study also highlights that the interpretation of color symbols in idiomatic expressions depends on the cultural and historical contexts of each language. Idioms are a reflection of the collective consciousness and worldview of the people, and the study of color phenomena in idioms helps to better understand national identity and linguistic evolution. In addition, the study found that the red color can acquire different meanings and connotations in different languages, despite common dictionary definitions. This indicates that the use and attitude towards the color red depends on the cultural and historical characteristics of each language group. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it combines linguistic analysis with the analysis of cultural characteristics and uses the methodology of synergetic symbolism. This approach allows us to understand how the interaction of different colors creates new symbolic meanings and associations specific to each culture.

Historical Research and Character Designing on the Costume of Joseon Tongshinsa for Cultural Goods Development

Historical Research and Character Designing on the Costume of Joseon Tongshinsa for Cultural Goods Development

시대적 배경에 나타난 전통문화의 변화

This study explores supernatural and phenomena such as goblins in Samguk Yusa and strange apparitions in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Focusing on the ambiguity of the boundary between ‘ghost and monster’ as portrayed in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty and folk tales, the research analyzes the meanings within the context of societal changes over time. Historically negatively symbolic entities like ‘ghost’ and folklore figures have transformed into positive content, becoming innovative brands in modern society. This shift provides a new direction for the preservation and development of traditional culture. The significance and growth of K-culture extend beyond mere popularity, contributing to the convergence of historical and cultural features into symbolic content across various domains. Through this research, there is an anticipation that the driving force for reviving the value of traditional culture as content reflecting our emotions and beliefs will continue to prosper.

Promising Trends in the Development of Rural Settlement Architecture — the Trend Towards Eco-Settlements

The purpose of the work is to study the architecture of eco-settlements. The relevance is due to the fact that the trend towards eco-settlements is one of the promising directions in the development of rural settlement architecture. This is due to the growing recognition of the need to develop sustainable, self-sufficient communities capable of meeting their own energy, food and water needs while minimizing their environmental impact. Eco-settlements are designed to be compact, comfortable for walking and integrated with the surrounding nature. As a rule, they feature buildings built using locally renewable materials and designed in such a way that they are energy efficient and low-cost. Renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines are used to provide residents with electricity. In such settlements, attention is paid to the social interaction of residents, community involvement through the use of public spaces, public gardens and other amenities. In the course of the work, the world experience was summarized and general trends were identified. It is concluded that the functional typology of settlements is a reflection of the foundations of its existence. It reflects the peculiarities of the industrial activity of the population, the role and place of the territory in the local economy, etc. The historical features of the emergence and development of rural settlements, the cultural traditions of the inhabitants, and the geographical characteristics of the area have an impact on the modern appearance. In general, the trend towards the spread of eco-settlements represents a promising step torward in the development of rural settlement architecture. By prioritizing sustainable development, self-sufficiency and community engagement, eco-settlements help to rethink what it means to live in a rural community in the 21st century.

Narrative and Space: Reconstruction of Heritage Network for South Guangdong Ancient Post Road

The ancient post road in Southern Guangdong is a channel of communication inside and outside Lingnan in different historical periods. It is also known as a corridor of population migration, a channel of commodity exchange and an ancient road of civilization and culture. In view of the limitations of focusing on space while ignoring narrative in the previous research of ancient post road, the analysis method of narrative spatial structure was introduced herein. Based on the four main functions of the ancient post road in Southern Guangdong, including postal exchange, military war, commerce and trade, and official travel, the holistic and systematic narrative space study of the ancient post road in Southern Guangdong was carried out in order to construct a relatively complete narrative space structure of the heritage corridor network. Research showed that the four functional narrative points all rely on corridors. Its spatial structure took Guangzhou as the main core, with Leizhou and Yangjiang in western Guangdong and Chaozhou in eastern Guangdong as the sub-core. A waterway-based land as the auxiliary network system was formed; The post road shifted from the original military function to the economic function, experienced the internal communication with the Central Plains to the coastal areas, and then to the world through the Maritime Silk Road. It became the epitome of the historical development process of Lingnan region. The narrative spatial structure analysis method can deeply explore the historical characteristics and cultural connotation of the heritage corridor, and promote the overall cognition of the post road. The analysis results have certain guiding significance for the construction and protection of the heritage corridor network of the ancient post road in Southern Guangdong. It can also provide a reference for other scholars to carry out the research on similar heritage corridors.

Modern requirements for energy-efficient renovation of historical buildings

Мodern urban development trends includes the importance of taking historical buildings into account when implementing sustainable development strategies. Energetic modernization of historical buildings has both economic and social benefits. Buildings of historical importance often do not correspond to the requirements of modern directives, but the use of certain technical means and architectural practices allows to achieve a significant increase in energy potential. Energy-efficient renovation of historic buildings is an important component in the formation of future smart cities, since historic buildings themselves connect society with the heritage of the past and represent local and historical features of the city and its inhabitants. At the same time, the relevance of the problem is related to the insufficient systematization of data and information resources along with the constant development of tools for diagnosis and assessment of potential changes when working with historical buildings according to their characteristics. The main modern requirements for energy-efficient renovation of historical buildings, as well as the stages of analysis of the characteristics of historical buildings, and the further formation of the renovation strategy and the selection of appropriate methods and measures are considered. Considered limitations and features of the renovation of historic buildings (general engineering limitations due to the historical context, specific characteristics of a specific building, design limitations).

Determining climate classifications and producing climate border maps with GIS of Safranbolu district, Karabük, Türkiye.

Knowing climate characteristics enables the detection of particular climate characteristics and their boundaries. This situation is essential in terms of providing sustainable use of areal resources and directing land use plans. For this reason, in this study, climate boundary maps of the Safranbolu district were created based on the need to form a basis for planning. For this purpose, measurement data of all meteorological stations in the district for the last 30 years were obtained; data were associated with the location, and the water balance of each station was calculated using the Thornthwaite climate classification method. In addition, the climate type was determined using different climate classification methods, and the results were compared. All applied methods have shown that Safranbolu has a humid climate; however, the humidity value in the north of Safranbolu is slightly higher than that in the central and southern parts. In addition, water shortage in the north of Safranbolu is observed in July-August, while water shortage in the central and southern parts is observed in July-August-September. Considering the long-term precipitation average of the Safranbolu district, the highest annual precipitation is observed in March and the lowest in August. Etp and Etr throughout the district are highest in July and lowest in January. Surplus water and surface flow occur in the months between December and May, with the highest amount of surface flow occurring in March. There is no month without rain in Safranbolu. Safranbolu, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List, is a visiting area for local and foreign tourists because of its cultural, architectural, and historical features and geotourism potential. In addition to its current agricultural activities, the cultivation of the "Saffron" plant, which gives its name to the district, and its forest assets cause an increase in both the tourism capacity and population of the district. Considering all of these, studies on climate change risk management and water resources management in Safranbolu have been conducted.

GLOBAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS A CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL CONCEPT IN THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT

The article analyses the ideas of philosophy of cosmic representatives. Cultural, historical and civilizational character of the phenomenon of global consciousness is grounded. It is proved that global consciousness is a part of social and cultural potential of global information networks and may indicate the prospects of mankind as a mind barer.

Правовое регулирование киберэкстремизма и кибертерроризма: проблемы и перспективы

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of cyberterrorism and cyberextremism as the most dangerous social phenomena that have become widespread due to the development of information technologies, especially in the field of the Internet information and telecommunications network. The author investigates the theoretical concepts of understanding cyberterrorism as a legal definition, examines the historical features of the development of this phenomenon, identifies various approaches in the legal regulation of cyberterrorism in India, Nigeria and the Philippines. The author offers his own definition of cyberextremism, which is based on the compilation of constitutive features of cyberterrorism (as an self-determined phenomenon) and extremism. Particular attention is paid to the polysystem of legal regulation of the fight against cyberextremism and cyberterrorism (universal level of legal regulation, regional level of legal regulation and national legal regulation). The study of overseas experience of legal regulation allowed to shift the focus from the universal level of international legal regulation to the regional one, which will significantly affect the regional security structure. In the course of the study, the author came to the conclusion that the most promising area of regional cooperation in the fight against cyberextremism for the Russian Federation will be the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (further — SCO). This is due to the fact that the SCO is the only international organization that has a conventional regulation of extremism per se. The expansion of cooperation is appropriate given the fact that cyber extremism is a certain form of extremism, as well as the experience of the Republic of India as a SCO member state, which has relevant national legislation aimed at countering cyberterrorism

FEATURES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE GOLDEN HORDE CITIES OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

The Lower Volga region was the center of all trade routes, both economically and politically, until the collapse of the Golden Horde state. Starting from the 40-50s of the 13th century, in the Lower Volga region began the town-planning activities of the Golden Horde khans. Since the cities of the Golden Horde arose not as a result of the long-term development of the settlement network, but with the support of the rule of the Golden Horde khans, the historical features of the cities include the absence of a traceable transition process from settlements to cities. In addition, some “typical” criteria for determining the urban character of a monument, for example the presence of fortifications, do not apply to the cities of the Golden Horde. In many cities of the Golden Horde, even very large ones, fortifications were not found until the civil strife of the 60-70s of the 14th century. The spread of Islam in the Golden Horde Volga region from the beginning of the 14th century influenced the development of Golden Horde architecture and decoration. The ornamental style of the architectural and planning structure of the Golden Horde cities of the lower Volga region was primarily under the strong influence of the masters of Central Asia, Transcaucasia and Iran.

Atraumatic Orbital Emphysema in a Young Woman.

We describe the presentation, evaluation, and management of a young female patient presenting to the emergency department with atraumatic orbital emphysema, a rare condition. This patient was diagnosed using point-of-care ultrasound and computed tomography and was managed expectantly. Atraumatic orbital emphysema is a rare clinical condition more common in early middle-aged female patients with certain historical features such as chronic sinusitis, facial surgery or trauma, tobacco smoking, or current upper respiratory symptoms. While most cases will resolve spontaneously, rarely this condition can lead to vision-threatening orbital compartment syndrome, requiring lateral canthotomy or needle decompression.

An Overview on the History and Architecture of Kharpocho Fort Baltistan

This study is an attempt to explore the historcal and architectural significance of Kharpocho fort, situated in the Baltistan region. The Kharpocho Fort, built on a mountain in the Centre of the city of Bultistan. This study further encapsulates that the fort helps in understanding the state's efforts to guard the city from outside threats and to monitor the routes leading in and out of the huge city. The fort stands as a testament to the rich cultural heritage and historical significance of the area. Through an in-depth analysis of its historical context, architectural features and cultural symbolism, this study aims to shed light on the fort’s importance and its role in preserving the cultural identity of the Baltistan region. This study dig deep regarding understanding of kharpocho fort’s contribution to the region’s cultural landscape. This research aims to give a simple, yet thorough understanding of Kharpocho Fort, celebrating it not just as a structure but as a resilient symbol embedded in the hearts of the people of Baltistan. This paper also examines and explores the questions as: What is the history of Kharpocho fort? What is the current status of Kharpocho Fort in terms of its physical condition, structural stability, and preservation needs? What are the key architectural features and design elements of Kharpocho Fort, and how do they reflect the historical and cultural context of the Baltistan region? What are the main factors contributing to the deterioration of Kharpocho Fort, and what are the most urgent restoration and conservation requirements?

Modeling Continuous Motion for 3D Point Cloud Object Tracking

The task of 3D single object tracking (SOT) with LiDAR point clouds is crucial for various applications, such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, existing approaches have primarily relied on appearance matching or motion modeling within only two successive frames, thereby overlooking the long-range continuous motion property of objects in 3D space. To address this issue, this paper presents a novel approach that views each tracklet as a continuous stream: at each timestamp, only the current frame is fed into the network to interact with multi-frame historical features stored in a memory bank, enabling efficient exploitation of sequential information. To achieve effective cross-frame message passing, a hybrid attention mechanism is designed to account for both long-range relation modeling and local geometric feature extraction. Furthermore, to enhance the utilization of multi-frame features for robust tracking, a contrastive sequence enhancement strategy is proposed, which uses ground truth tracklets to augment training sequences and promote discrimination against false positives in a contrastive manner. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art method by significant margins on multiple benchmarks.