Hirado Island Research Articles

Inter-Changeable Religions: A Style of Japanese Religious Pluralism in Hirado Island Villages, Northwestern Kyushu

Inter-Changeable Religions: A Style of Japanese Religious Pluralism in Hirado Island Villages, Northwestern Kyushu

Silica-Rich Garronite-Na From Hirado Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

ABSTRACT Silica-rich garronite-Na was found together with epistilbite in Miocene basaltic rock from Shiratobana, Hirado Island, Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan for the first time. Garronite-Na occurs as an anhedral crystal that covers the center of a small cavity in altered basaltic rock, whereas the epistilbite covers the inside of the cavity. Electron probe microanalysis of the garronite-Na gives an empirical formula of (Na1.99K0.27)Σ2.26Ca1.61(Fe0.01Al5.31Si10.64)Σ15.96O32·14.3H2O on the basis of O = 32. Its Na/Ca molar ratio varies from 1.00 to 1.53, and its unit-cell parameters (space group I2) calculated from X-ray powder diffraction data are a = 9.983(11) Å, b = 10.089(14) Å, c = 10.070(10) Å, and β = 90.223(3)° with a calculated density of 2.183 g/cm3. Garronite-Na from Hirado Island formed from an alkaline high-silica solution in the later stages of hydrothermal zeolitization associated with volcanic activity.

Territoriality by Folk Boundaries and Social-Geographical Conditions in Shinto-Buddhist, Catholic, and Hidden Christian Rural Communities on Hirado Island, Western Japan

Territoriality by Folk Boundaries and Social-Geographical Conditions in Shinto-Buddhist, Catholic, and Hidden Christian Rural Communities on Hirado Island, Western Japan

Spatial Structures of Japanese Hidden Christian Organizations on Hirado Island: A Comparative Study of Three Villages and Ikitsuki Island

Spatial Structures of Japanese Hidden Christian Organizations on Hirado Island: A Comparative Study of Three Villages and Ikitsuki Island

P03 長崎県平戸島における縞構造の発達した岩脈について : 石基組織の解析および縞構造形成モデルの提案(ポスターセッション,日本火山学会2007年秋季大会)

P03 長崎県平戸島における縞構造の発達した岩脈について : 石基組織の解析および縞構造形成モデルの提案(ポスターセッション,日本火山学会2007年秋季大会)

Records of Adult Caligiform Copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) in Marine Plankton from East Asia, Including Descriptions of Two New Species of Caligus (Caligidae)

[Adults of caligiform copepods are often found in plankton samples, in addition to the naupliar and copepodid stages. Here, we report on adult parasitic copepods of the families Caligidae and Pandaridae from plankton samples collected in Japanese and Chinese coastal waters. The following previously described species were found in 2008: Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954; C. orientalis Gusev, 1951; C. undulatus Shen and Li, 1959; Lepeophtheirus semicossyphi Yamaguti, 1939; Metacaligus uruguayensis Thomsen, 1949, and Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1852 in Japanese waters; and C. orientalis and C. rotundigenitalis Yu, 1933 in Chinese waters. The findings of adults of Lepeophtheirus and Metacaligus in plankton samples represent the first such a record for each genus. Two new species of Caligus are also described from plankton taken in Japanese waters in 2008 and 2010. An ovigerous female collected from off Iheya Island, Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa Prefecture is described as Caligus quadrigenitalis sp. nov., and two adult females and a male collected from the Seto Inland Sea and off Hirado Island, Kyushu, western Japan is described as Caligus ogawai sp. nov., Adults of caligiform copepods are often found in plankton samples, in addition to the naupliar and copepodid stages. Here, we report on adult parasitic copepods of the families Caligidae and Pandaridae from plankton samples collected in Japanese and Chinese coastal waters. The following previously described species were found in 2008: Caligus calotomi Shiino, 1954; C. orientalis Gusev, 1951; C. undulatus Shen and Li, 1959; Lepeophtheirus semicossyphi Yamaguti, 1939; Metacaligus uruguayensis Thomsen, 1949, and Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1852 in Japanese waters; and C. orientalis and C. rotundigenitalis Yu, 1933 in Chinese waters. The findings of adults of Lepeophtheirus and Metacaligus in plankton samples represent the first such a record for each genus. Two new species of Caligus are also described from plankton taken in Japanese waters in 2008 and 2010. An ovigerous female collected from off Iheya Island, Ryukyu Islands, Okinawa Prefecture is described as Caligus quadrigenitalis sp. nov., and two adult females and a male collected from the Seto Inland Sea and off Hirado Island, Kyushu, western Japan is described as Caligus ogawai sp. nov.]

長崎県平戸島における筆名の命名原理と空間単位

長崎県平戸島における筆名の命名原理と空間単位

Barrerite first found from Hirado Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

Barrerite first found from Hirado Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan

Two new species and a new synonymy of the subfamily Coelotinae (Araneae: Amaurobiidae) from Kyushu, Japan

Three species of coelotine spiders of the genera Coelotes and Tegecoelotes from Kyushu District, Japan, are reviewed. Two new species of the genus Coelotes are described under the names, Coelotes bifurcatus n. sp. and C. hiradoensis n. sp. The former new species is distributed in Nagasaki, Saga and Fukuoka Prefectures, northern Kyushu, and is characteristic in having the bifurcate apophysis of male palp. The latter new species is recorded only from Hirado Island in Nagasaki Prefecture and characteristic with the palpal conductor extending in the direction of the tip of cymbium in males and long and slender epigynal teeth in females. Tegecoelotes muscicapus (Bosenberg & Strand 1906) described using a male holotype, and Tegecoelotes ignotus (Bosenberg & Strand 1906) described with two female syntypes are considered to be synonymous, and the former is regarded as a junior synonym of the latter. Tegecoelotes ignotus is recorded for the first time since the original description in 1906. The intraspecific variation recognized in epigynum of this species is reported.

Cytogenetic Studies on the Origin of Camellia * vernalis. V. Estimation of the Seed Parent of C. * vernalis that Evolved about 400 Years Ago by cpDNA Analysis

It was determined from the morphology, chromosome and isozyme analyses that Camellia × vernalis (Makino) T. Tanaka et al. resulted from hybridization between C. sasanqua and C. japonica. Since the chloroplast in Camellia is entirely maternally inherited, the presence of C. sasanqua chloroplasts in C. × vernalis would indicate the species is the seed parent of these hybrids. PCR products of the atpI-atpH gene region from all accessions of C. sasanqua and C. × vernalis showed a single band at ca. 800 bp, while those of C. japonica showed one at ca. 1200 bp, suggesting that 1) the seed parent of the putative primary (F1) hybrid, ‘Gaisen’ is C. sasanqua, 2) the seed parents of the first backcross generation to C. japonica, triploid cultivars of C. × vernalis, are considered to be ‘Gaisen’, and 3) the seed parents of the second backcross generation, the ‘Egao’ type tetraploid cultivars, are derived from triploid C. × vernalis cultivars. That C. × vernalis originated about four hundred years ago as determined from the age of the oldest tree on Hirado Island and from the records in the Japanese books published in 1630 was confirmed by our data. Furthermore, we conclude from our evidence that the seed parent of C. × vernalis is C. sasanqua.

Cenozoic lithospheric extension induced magmatism in Southwest Japan

Island chains off western Kyushu are the surface exposure in the northern margin of the Taiwan–Sinzi Folded Zone that spreads along the arc–trench system in the back-arc side from SW Japan to Taiwan. Intermittent igneous activity between the Middle Miocene and Holocene occurred on these islands and widely covered or intruded sedimentary rocks of Early–Middle Miocene. Geochemistry of the volcanic rocks from the Hirado, Ikitsuki and Takushima islands believed to relate to the back-arc opening along the East China and Japan Seas shows a temporal change in source material. Submarine to sub-aerial volcanism occurred on Hirado Island at 15 Ma during the final opening stage of the East China Sea producing tholeiitic basalt and associated andesite–dacite. These eruptives show low incompatible element contents and high FeO*/MgO ratios and reflect a tholeiitic differentiation trend. High Sr and Pb and low Nd isotopic ratios suggest the involvement of EM2-like lithospheric mantle and crustal material in the formation of these syn-opening volcanic rocks. Post-opening alkali basalt volcanism occurred at 9–6 Ma on the islands is characterized by OIB-like higher large ionic lithophile elements (LILE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) compared to 15 Ma basalts in this region and Quaternary basalts along the volcanic front. They have variable range of incompatible element concentrations and ratios along with variable Sr, Pb and Nd isotopic ratios suggesting the involvement of both lithospheric and asthenospheric sources at variable melting degrees (from 4% to less than 15%). The observation that the isotopic compositions of Quaternary alkali basalts south of the studied area are even more depleted suggests an increase in the involvement of asthenospheric source with time.

アラメのエネルギー量の周年変化に関する予報的研究

アラメのエネルギー量の周年変化に関する予報的研究

フラボノイド分析によるハルサザンカとその近縁種との類縁関係の究明

A chromatographic study of methanol-soluble flavonoid compounds in mature leaves was undertaken to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among the cultivars and strains of Camellia vernalis (triploid, tetraploid and pentaploid group), C. japonica, C. sasanqua and Stewartia pseudo-camellia. The majority of experimental materials were collected from Hirado Island, Nagasaki prefecture. The former species have been assumed to be hybrids between the second and third species. The results obtained were summarized as follows.:Thirty-nine kinds of spots were detected in the chromatograms of the three species of Camellia and S. pseudo-cammelia used in this study and compared with each other in appearance. Since the peculiar spot patterns on the chromatograms occurred only in C. japonica and C. sasanqua, we examined the spot pattern in C. vernalis and compared it with that of C. japonica and C. sasanqua. A close relation was noted within the triploid group of C. vernalis and C. japonica, and within the tetraploid group of C. vernalis and C. sasanqua. On the other hand, no corresponding connection between the above-mentioned groups was noticed except for two cases.Numerical analyses of the data obtained clearly indicated that the hybrid character of C. vernalis originated from hybridization between C. japonica and C. sasanqua. Also, the affinity values suggested that the triploid group of C. vernalis showed a higher affinity to C. japonica than to its own tetraploid group. On the other hand, numerical treatment of S. pseudo-camellia revealed a heterogenous relation in comparison with the species of Camellia.

Differentiated spatial distribution of larvae and juveniles of the two sparids, red and black sea bream, in Shijiki Bay.

In Shijiki Bay of Hirado Island, diel discrete-depth horizontal tows with a larva net in May 1983 resulted in a total of 2, 350 larval and juvenile red sea bream (2.1-10.7mm SL), and 347 larval black sea bream (2.4-6.2mm SL) being collected. During the daytime, black sea bream larvae were concentrated near the surface, but red sea bream larvae near the bottom, with these tendencies becoming more evident with their growth. During the nighttime, the larvae of both species were dispersed throughout the water column. In the surf zone of the sandy-beaches located in the innermost part of the bay, collections with a small seine net in June and July 1983 gave a total of 241 late-larval and early-juvenile black sea bream (6.2-20.1mm SL), but no red sea bream. The separation of juvenile habitats between these related species seemed to be a consequence of the species-specific vertical distribution pattern differentiated during the pelagic larval period. A possible mechanism for inshore migration in the black sea bream was discussed in relation to their surface occurrence.

Assessment of habitability of o-age red sea bream by index expression.

This study is to propose that comparative assessment is performed on the habitability of 0-age red sea breams as expressed in terms of unified indices. Relative condition index y1 and density index y2 are calculated using degree of fatness and distribution density in red sea bream caught by the fixed station. Habitability index y3 is determined to y1+y2. The habitability at two bays of Hirado Island is assessed according to three kinds of indices. The inner bay areas in both the bays are ranked high in good agreement with past ecological studies. A multiple regression analysis is undertaken using y1, y2 and y3 as criterion variables, and bottom materials, organic matter and feed biomass as explanatory variables. A considerable correlation is observed between three indices and the feed biomass variables, especially gammarids as a main food for red sea bream young.

A study on the community analysis using three‐factorial data (time x site x species)

Summary This study is to demonstrate that the analysis of biological communities using scaling unstandardized squared Euclidean distance is extremely effective to deal with data which are quite generally collected by 3 factors (time x site x species). The main part of this study has been explained in detail byWilliams andStephenson (1973). We have conducted some discussion introducing mathematic complementary explanation as well as expansive interpretation. The dissimilarity measure based on squared Euclidean distance is used to classify clusters from a dendrogram obtained by cluster analysis. The outline of the community structure can be known by comparing the values of mean variance per comparison and interaction. The table of mutual comparison among clusters introduces dynamic pattern expression for community. Contributions by species to time and site are capable of expressing a concrete role of the species. We apply the technique above to the demersal fish community in Shijiki Bay, Hirado Island, Nagasaki Pref. Number of individuals caught with Gochi trawls at 11 fixed stations in 1975–1984 are used as material for analysis. 84 species is accounted.

Ecology and abundance of conger eel Conger myriaster in Shijiki Bay, Hirado Island.

In order to clarify the ecology and abundance of conger eel, as a part of the study on the decreasing process for 0-age red sea hream, a sampling survey using pots was carried out in Shijiki Bay (Nagasaki Prefecture)from 1980 to 1983. Using 758 pairs of pots (one-day immersion), 1741 conger eels (TL 250-834mm) were caught. The catch in number reached its peak in June, dropping toward autumn to winter. The conger eels were densely distributed but smaller in length at the inner part of the bay. The sex ratio was 857:9 in total, indicating an overwhelming dominance of the female. The stomach contents of the pot-caught conger eels were composed mainly of sardines used as bait. The average stock number of the conger eel in this bay during June-July in 4 years'survey period was calculated at 17, 500 (11, 600-23, 200). 0-age red sea breams preyed on by the conger eels have been estimated at 2000 (650-7200) per day on average.

外部形態によるマダイ人工放流魚と天然当歳魚の比較と識別 Ｉ マダイ人工放流魚と天然当歳魚の外部形態の比較

The present study aims at finding the differentiation of hatchery-reared and artificially-released red sea bream from wild fish, based upon their morphometric differences. A total of 80000 hatch-ery-reared red sea bream fry, ranging 40-60mm FL, were fin-clipped and released at three locations in the coastal waters of Hirado island, Nagasaki Prefecture in 1980 and 1981. Experimental Gochi trawlings were carried out at the three locations seven times three months after releasing each year, yielding 1011 artificially-released red sea bream (hereafter referred to aftificial fish) and 1177 wild fish of age O. Morphometric measurements were done on fork length and 14 other characters. Regression lines of each of the latter on the former for artificial fish and wild fish were compared by means of covariance analysis. The results obtained were given below: 1. Body height. height at eye, eye diameter and upper jaw length were smaller in artificial fish than in wild fish of the same size. 2. Length of the longest dorsl fin spine, length of pectoral fin, length of caudal fin and length of ventral fin spine showed lower values in artificial fish than in wild fish at the time of releasing and for a short time after that. About a month later, however, however, no significant difference was seen in length of any fins between two groups of the fish, suggesting that artificial fish adapted themselves to wild surroundings.

ハルサザンカの起原に関する細胞遺伝学的研究 (第1報)

In Hirado island, which is situated at the north-western part of Kyushu in Japan, both species of C. japonica and C. sasanqua are distributed together. Recently, certain new forms were found there by Kumazawa and Oda (21), suggesting that some of them could be regarded as varieties of C. vernalis originating in Hirado as natural hybrids between C. sasanqua and C. japonica. In order to approve such a consideration, the authors carried out morphological and cytological surveys in C. vernalis comparing it with C. sasanqua and with C. japonica.As a result, the authors could recognize one tetraploid and two triploid forms originating in Hirado. The tetraploid form was considered to be the primary hybrid between C. sasanqua (hexaploid) and C. japonica (diploid). One triploid form was considered to be the secondary hybrid between the tetraploid variety and C. japonica, and the other triploid one was supposed to be an auto-triploid form of C. japonica.

The Effects of Parental Consanguinity and Inbreeding in Hirado, Japan III. Vision and Hearing

The effects of parental consanguinity, age, and sex on defects of the eye and ear, accomodation, mean visual acuity, and mean decibels of hearing loss at four frequencies have been investigated in a series of Middle School children and their parents on Hirado Island, Japan. In the children the effect of paternal and maternal inbreeding on these same indicators has also been investigated. The numbers available for the various analyses after eliminations for incompleteness of records, and confining the analysis to children where socioeconomic data are complete, are given in table III. Age and sex effects are encountered at high levels of statistical significance, but, unlike the results on Hirado with respect to a variety of other indicators [Schull et al., 1970; Neel et al., 1970], socioeconomic effects are negligible. None of the regressions on consanguinity or inbreeding is individually significant, nor is there any consistent pattern to the totality of the regressions. On the other hand, the sampling errors are such that the data cannot be said to conflict with the significant positive findings regarding consanguinity effects in a previous study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki [Schull and Neel, 1965].