High Significant Increase Research Articles

The effect of nitrogen fertilization and the use of biostimulators on the chemical composition of grains of two varieties of corn (Zea mays L.).

The aim of the research was to determine the impact of the use of biostimulators and different nitrogen doses on the yield quality of two varieties of corn grown for grain. The field experiment was carried out in 2015-2017 on an individual farm located in north-eastern Poland (52°30'N and 22°26'E). The following factors were examined in the experiment: group I-two corn varieties: PR38N86 (280 FAO); P8400 (240 FAO) group II-four doses of nitrogen fertilization: control treatment-without nitrogen application (0 kg·ha-1 N) nitrogen doses-80 kg·ha-1 N, 120 kg·ha-1 N, 160 kg·ha-1 N, group III-four types of biostimulators used: (1) control treatment-without the use of a biostimulator, (2) biostimulator containing sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, 5-nitroguaiacol sodium, (3) biostimulator containing potassium para-nitrophenolate, potassium ortho-nitrophenolate, potassium 5-nitrovacollate, (4) biostimulator containing molybdenum, zinc. Different doses of nitrogen used in the experiment contributed to an increase in the total protein content in the grain of the tested corn varieties compared to the control treatment. The highest significant increase in protein content by an average of 18.96 g∙kg-1 was obtained after the application of 160 kg N∙ha-1, and after the application of 120 kg N∙ha-1 the value of this feature increased on average by 17.18 kg N∙ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization reduced the starch content and increased the fat content in the tested corn varieties. The lowest starch content was found after the application of 120 kg N∙ha-1 and 160 kg N∙ha-1, while the highest fat content was found in grain tested with 120 kg N∙ha-1. The highest protein content was demonstrated after the use of a biostimulator containing sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, and sodium 5-nitroguaiacol. The biostimulators used increased the starch and fat content in the grain of the tested varieties, and the differences between them were statistically insignificant. After using a biostimulator containing sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol, the protein content increased by an average of 6.0%. The biostimulators used increased the starch and fat content in the grain of the tested varieties, and the differences between them were statistically insignificant. The medium-early variety with FAO 240 was characterized by a higher content of total protein (on average by 7.95 g∙kg-1) and crude fat (on average by 1.5 g∙kg-1) compared to the medium-late variety. All tested varieties were distinguished by the highest concentration of total protein and crude fat in the second, optimal year of the study. The lowest protein content was found in the last year of the study with the highest annual rainfall and the lowest average air temperature, and crude fat content was found in a relatively dry growing season. The opposite tendency was obtained in the case of starch content in the grain of the tested varieties.

Mapping The Dynamics of Settlement Areas around the tourism areas by Using Geographic Information Systems (Case Study: Prambanan and Kalasan District)

Abstract The construction of National tourism strategic area (KSPN) Prambanan - Kalasan is planned to begin in 2016 through the Master Plan and Detail Plan of KSPN Prambanan - Kalasan and its surroundings for the 2016 fiscal year. The development of tourist areas can have an impact on increasing the land value around tourist areas, and also cause the development of residential areas. Therefore, this research was conducted to analysis changes in land values around the KSPN development and also analysis changes in residential areas and the suitability of residential areas for land values in Prambanan and Kalasan Districts. The results of the suitability of residential areas were then superimposed on the analysis with the RDTR of Prambanan and Kalasan Regencies. The results show that in 2017-2024 there was an increase in residential land area by 67 hectares in Prambanan District and 73 hectares in Kalasan Regency and the highest significant increase in land value was in zone 50, namely Jl. Raya Solo-Yogyakarta for IDR. 6,597,200 and the lowest increase in land value was in zone 49 amounting to IDR. 158,500 to the north of Tamanmartani Village, Kalasan District. The relatively small increase in residential area in the highest land value zone and a large increase in residential area in the lowest land value zone. The suitability of the dominant residential area is very suitable in the highest land value zone and the suitability of the dominant residential area is less suitable in the lowest land value zone.

Seaweed liquid extract AS novel sustainable solutions for phycobioremediation plant germination, and feed additive for marine invertebrate copepod

Several studies have shown the importance of using seaweed liquid extract (True-Algae-Max, TAM) as a fish feed additive, and fish-water conditioner. In addition, TAM has demonstrated significant growth improvement when used as a plant growth biostimulant. This study investigates whether seaweed liquid extract (TAM) can achieve good results in new experimental fields such as chromium remediation, plant germination, and live feed supplementation for marine invertebrate Copepod (Oithona nana). In this study, several doses of TAM were tested, for the first time, for their impact on the remediation of chromium (Cr6+) ions from aqueous solutions and as an aqua feed additive for marine copepods (Oithona nana). In addition, it has been tested as promising for the seed germination of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and Faba bean (Vicia faba L.). The most important factors influencing the removal (%) of Cr6+, identified using a two-level Plackett–Burman factorial design, were selected for additional optimization utilizing a rotatable central composite design. The maximum adsorption of Cr6+ was 93.65% under ideal operating circumstances, which included an initial Cr6+ concentration of 60 mg L−1, a temperature of 25 °C, a pH of 3, a TAM biomass of 0.05 g, and a contact time of 60 min at agitation conditions. Plackett–Burman design data shows the significance of each factor and how well the model fits the Cr6+ removal. The results of the germination experiment revealed that the highest significant increase in seed germination was achieved using a TAM level of 0.30 mg mL−1 with V. faba (88%) and 0.03 mg mL−1 with T. foenum-graecum (96.6%). Additionally, compared to the control group, TAM at a level of 0.037 mg mL−1 showed high root length enhancement on V. faba (184%) and T. foenum-graecum (188%). The results of the copepod O. nana feeding additive experiment found that the group fed on starch supplemented with TAM at a level of 0.3 mL L−1, compared to the control group that fed starch only, showed the highest increment in population growth (134.74%), fecundity (270.16%), and population composition of males (133.45%), adults (120.37%), and nauplius (203.18%). Moreover, compared to the control group, the copepod that fed starch supplemented with TAM levels achieved the highest Omega-9 content. In conclusion, it is shown that TAM is a feasible, efficient, and sustainable solution for biodegradable adsorbent for the Cr6+ from aqueous solution, enhances plant seed germination and root length, and is a novel feed additive for marine copepod O. nana, especially in marine invertebrate hatcheries.

Effect of Pomegranate Peel Consumption on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile, Liver Steatosis, and Hs-CRP in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial.

The most prevalent chronic liver disease for which there is currently no proven treatment is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). An incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD may be the cause. The onset and development of this illness appear to be influenced by problems with lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Considering the antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract, this study was conducted to determine the effects of pomegranate peel consumption on some metabolic features in patients with NAFLD. Our hypothesis is that pomegranate peel can improve the grade of fatty liver, liver enzymes, lipid profile, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and anthropometric indices. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pomegranate peel extract in NAFLD patients. This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 46 patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly assigned to intervention group (n = 23) and placebo group (n = 23). Patients in the pomegranate peel group consumed two capsules, each containing 500 mg pomegranate peel extract daily as a part of low-calorie diet (i.e., 500-deficit calorie diet) for 10 weeks. While patients in the control group followed the low calorie diet and two capsules containing 500 mg maltodextrin. At the beginning and end of the study, demographic information, anthropometric indices, food intake, physical activity level, grade of fatty liver, liver enzymes, lipid profile, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Food intake was measured by 24-h food recall questionnaires and physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analysis of food recall questionnaire was done using Nutritionist IV program. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22), and a p value < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Of 46 patients, 42 of them completed the trial. At the end of the trial, pomegranate peel group had significantly higher reduction in TG (triglycerides), ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate transferase), hs-CRP and also had higher significant increase in HDL-C(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) compared to the control group (p = 0/02, p = 0/02, p = 0/01, p = 0/01, and p = 0/04, respectively). However, changes in LDL-C, TC, ALP, GGT, and fatty liver grade were not significantly different between the two groups at the end of the study. The current study indicates that pomegranate peel extract has a favorable effect on liver enzymes, lipid profile, and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with NAFLD. To support these results, trials examining various dosages over longer time periods are necessary.

Response of orange Saplings to spraying with brassinolide and add-ing organic fertilizer in some of vegetative and root growth charac-teristics

The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture station in the Al-Hindiya district / Karbala governorate during the 2023 growing season, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The study aimed to investigate the response of two orange Cultivars (Blood and Navel) to spraying with the growth regulator brassinolide at three concentrations (0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg L-1) and the addition of organic fertilizer (Humzinc) to the soil at three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 g L-1). The results showed the superiority of the Blood Cultivar over the Navel Cultivar in stem length, stem diameter, Leaves number, root length, and root volume, while the Navel Cultivar excelled in leaf area. Treatment with brassinolide at a concentration of 0.6 mg L-1 or the addition of organic fertilizer at a concentration of 1 g L-1 resulted in the highest significant increase in stem length, stem diameter, Leaves number, leaf area, root length, and root volume. Regarding the interactions between study factors, the binary and ternary interactions had a significant effect on improving vegetative and root growth Traits. The ternary interaction treatment (Blood Cultivar + brassinolide 0.6 mg L-1 + 1 g L-1) outperformed by giving the highest average increase in stem length (35.98 cm), stem diameter (7.993 mm), average Leaves number (117.66 leaves seedling-1), root length (120.67 cm), and root volume (52.33 cm3), while the treatment (Navel Cultivar + brassinolide 0.6 mg L-1 + 1 g L-1) significantly excelled in leaf area (38.57 cm2).

Comparing the remineralization potential of undemineralized dentin powder versus chicken eggshell powder on artificially induced initial enamel carious lesions: an in-vitro investigation

BackgroundWhite spot lesions are a widespread undesirable effect, especially prevalent during fixed orthodontic treatments. The study compared the in vitro enamel remineralization potential of undemineralized dentin matrix (UDD) versus chicken eggshell powder (CESP) for artificially induced enamel lesions.Methods100 caries-free and sound maxillary premolars were randomly divided into four groups each contain 25 teeth: Group I (Baseline): No treatment was done to the enamel surface. Group II (Negative control ): The enamel surface of the teeth underwent demineralization using demineralizing solution to create artificial carious lesions then kept in artificial saliva. Group III (CESP treated): After demineralizing the tooth surface, the teeth have been suspended in the CESP remineralizing solution. Group IV (UDD treated): After enamel demineralization, the teeth were suspended in UDD remineralizing solution. The remineralization potential was assessed by Vickers microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopic examination (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).ResultsThe current study demonstrated an increase in the mean microhardness of CESP and UDD-treated groups; however, It was nearer to the baseline level in the UDD group. SEM imaging revealed greater enamel remineralization in the UDD group compared to the remaining groups. The UDD group disclosed complete coverage for the prismatic enamel compared to the CESP group, which revealed a partially remineralized enamel surface. Interestingly, the Ca/P ratio increased significantly in the CESP group compared to the negative control group. In contrast, a higher significant increase in the mean Ca/P ratios was recorded in the UDD group compared to the test groups.Conclusionbiomimetic UDD and CESP powder should be utilized to treat enamel early carious lesions. However, UDD demonstrated the most significant remineralization potential.

Evaluation of some hormones in patients with major β-Thalassemia in the Nineveh Governorate - Iraq

Thalassemia is one of the most important genetic haemolytic diseases that cause the breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) in patients with β-Thalassemia major. The body does not produce enough haemoglobin, which is an important part of RBCs. When there is not enough haemoglobin, RBCs do not function properly in the body, so the condition continues for short periods of time. The current studies aimed to determine the extent of the impact of β-Thalassemia major on some hormonal variables in the serum of 80 patients (40 males and 40 females) aged between (1-15) years, in addition to 20 healthy children of the same age range and of both sexes, who were considered as a control group. The results of this study showed a significant increase in the concentration of erythropoietin (EPO) by 187% in the serum of patients with β-Thalassemia major compared to healthy of both sexes, with an increase of 188 in males and 183% in females. The highest significant increase was in the age group of (11-15) years in males and females compared to healthy control. The results also showed a significant decrease in the concentration of hepcidin and growth hormones in the serum of patients with a decrease of 55 and 56% respectively compared to healthy individuals of both sexes, with a highest significant decrease of 56 and 59% in males, and 55 and 52% in females respectively. The highest significant decrease was in the age group of (11-15) years for both hormones in males and females compared to healthy control based on age groups and sex.

Comparative immunological study of children infected with Entamoeba spp. parasites in Thi-Qar province

Background. Amoebiasis is a one of the major public health problems, it is caused by the genus Entamoeba which includes several species, such as E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. Purposes. The present study aimed to differentiate among Entamoeba spp. by using molecular method (PCR) and to identify characteristic serum markers (IgG and IL-6) according to species. Methods. About 697 stool samples were collected from children under five years old, and blood samples (3 ml) of venous blood were collected from patients with positive microscopic examination to evaluate some immune parameters (IL-6, IgG) for children infected with the parasite using the ELISA test. DNA extraction was carried out from fecal samples using a special stool DNA extraction kit and Multiplex PCR primers were designed to detect E. histolytica, E. dispar and E. moshkovskii. Results. About 100(14.34%) were infected with Entamoeba spp. by microscopic examination and 68 samples DNA-samples were positive. Fifty samples 50% were infected with E. histolytica, and 12% with a mixed infection. A significant increase (p≤0.05) in the concentration of IgG immunoglobulin in the sera of children infected with the E. histolytica parasite. A significant increase (p≤0.05) in the concentration of interleukin-6 in the sera of patients groups infected with Entamoeba spp., the highest significant increase (p≤0.05) was recorded in patients group infected with the E. moshkovskii. Conclusion. Molecular tests have the ability to detect and distinguish between the Entamoeba species infecting humans. Amoebiasis caused an increase in the concentration of IgG and interleukin-6.

Design and manufacture of a device for pasteurizing orange juice and its effects on the qualitative characteristics of fresh orange juice

The research project was conducted on the Batch Ohmic Heater, which was designed and manufactured in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences/College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul, to be used in sterilization of orange juice. The study included the effect of Ohmic heating at voltages of 80, 110 and 220 volts on the chemical, physical and sensory properties and compared them with samples of orange juice treated by the conventional heating method (95 Cº/15 s). Ohmic heating with the applied voltage gradients (9.2, 12.64 and 25.28 V/cm) significantly (p≤0.05) preserved the total phenols content of the orange juice samples compared with the samples treated with conventional heating immediately after treatment, however, voltage gradient ( 12.64) acquired significantly (p≤0.05) higher in average total soluble solids (TSS) over other treatments for average refrigeration period (14 days) Using a voltage gradient of 12.64 V/cm for orange juice samples showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the pH values compared with the other used voltage gradients. There was the highest significant increase (p≤0.05) in the concentration of vitamin C for orange juice samples treated by Ohmic heating at voltage gradient 9.2 V/cm compared with the other samples. In the study of sensory evaluation of orange juice treated by Ohmic heating at a voltage of 12.64 V/cm, which obtained the highest degree of sensory evaluation with two grades of excellent and very good within the evaluation scores used for that (1 unacceptable - 8 excellent) by the arbitrators compared with the rest of the orange juice samples.

The Role of Seed Treatment with Bacterial Biofertilizer Azotobacter, Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin Before Planting in some Biochemical Characteristics in the subsequent Growth of Psidium guajava L. Seedlings

The experiment was carried out in the College of Agriculture - University of Karbala at the beginning of September of the year 2022 according to a randomized complete block design to study the effect of the bacterial biofertilizer Azotobacter and a solution of gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1), and kinetin in three concentrations (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1) in some biochemical characteristics of Psidium guajava L. seedlings. The results showed that the single effect of the bacterial biofertilizer was superior in the all studied characteristics compared to the control treatment, as for the gibberellic acid solution, the concentration (300 mg.L-1) was superior by giving it the highest significant increase in all the studied traits except for the activity of the peroxidase enzyme compared to the control treatment, while the treatment of seeds with chitin solution excelled, and the concentration (50 mg.L-1) recorded the highest significant difference in all the studied traits in the all studied characteristics compared to the control treatment.

Effect of Spirulina and Probiotic on Growth Performance of Japanese Quail

The aim of current project is to fortify the quail feeds with various types of supplements such as spirulina, Used as a substitute for Prob. &amp; study the growth performance to recognize the best formula of spirulina for best production. untreated was feed on standard diet, Spirulina group was feed with Spirulina , Probiotics complex group was feed with probiotics complex, Mix Spirulina with probiotic complex group was feed with above Spirulina &amp; probiotic. complex. BW, BWG, FI &amp; FCE were daily recoded. Results noted at highest significant increase (P≤0.05) for the addition of spirulina occurred in the average body weight of Japanese quail compared to the control and other treated groups. The highest significant increase (P≤0.05) occurred in the BWG rates of birds treated with the addition of spirulina for weeks (1 and 4) and the cumulative (1-6) weeks. the highest rate (p≤0.05) of feed consumption was recorded in the group of birds treated with spirulina for weeks (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). and the cumulative feed consumption rate from (1-6) weeks compared with the other treatments and the control group. Rresults showed FCE rates recorded a significant improvement in adding spirulina during (1,2,3,4,6) weeks and the cumulative feed conversion efficiency average (1-6) weeks for birds. From this research, we concluded that adding spirulina to quail diets improved productive traits.

Effectiveness of the bacterial biofertilizer (Azotobacter), Gibberellic ac-id and kinetin solution in metabolic some the physiological processes of Psidium guajva L. seedlings

The experiment was carried out in the College of Agriculture - University of Karbala at the beginning of September of the year 2022 according to a randomized complete block design to study the effect of the bacterial biofertilizer Azotobacter and a solution of gibberellic acid (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1), and kinetin (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1) in changes of metabolic some physiological processes of Psidium guajava L. seedlings. The results showed that the single effect of the Azotobacter was superior in all studied characteristics, except for the relative moisture content compared to the control treatment, as for the gibberellic acid solution, the concentration (300 mg.L-1) was superior by giving it the highest significant increase in all studied traits except for the relative moisture content compared control treatment, while the treatment of seeds with chitin solution excelled, and the concentration (50 mg.L-1) recorded the highest significant difference in all studied traits except for the characteristic of the degree of stability of cell membranes.&#x0D;

The Effect of the Bacterial Biofertilizer Azotobacter and Gibberellic Acid Solution and Kinetin in Germination of Guava Seeds (Psidium guajava L.)

The study was carried out in the College of Agriculture - University of Kerbala at the beginning of September of the year 2022, according to a factorial experiment with a completely randomized block design, to study the effect of bacterial biofertilizer Azotobacter, and a solution of gibberellic acid in three concentrations (0, 150 and 300 mg. L-1), and a solution of kinetin in three concentrations (0, 25 and 50 mg. L-1) in germination of guava seeds (Psidium guajava L.), the results showed that the single effect of the biological fertilizing agent was superior in the all studied characteristic, except for the characteristic of germination energy after ten days compared to the control treatment. As for gibberellic acid, the concentration (300 mg. L-1) gave it the highest significant increase in all the studied traits compared to the control treatment. Also, the treatment of seeds with kinetin excelled, as the concentration (50 mg. L-1) recorded the highest significant difference in all the studied traits, compared to the control treatment, which recorded the lowest rate.

Curcumin-polyvinyl alcohol nano-composite enhances tolerance of Helianthus annuus L. against salinity stress

BackgroundNanotechnology is a promising technology in many fields including agriculture. So, this investigation aimed to study effect of curcumin (CUR) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nano-compositeat 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg L−1 on physiochemical attributes of sunflower plants grown under salinity stress (3000 ppm).ResultsResults showed that salinity stress significantly reduced all growth indiceslike plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of shoot and leaf area accompanied by significant increases in proline content, secondary metabolites (total phenolic compound contents and flavonoids), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase increased significantly. The decreases in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids due to salinity stress were non-significant. On the other hand, curcumin with polyvinyl alcohol (CUR-PVA) nano-composite at all concentrations significantly promoted all vegetative growth parameters, total photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites, antioxidant enzyme activities accompanied by significant decreases in proline content, MDA and H2O2 either in plant irrigated with tap water or saline solution relative to corresponding control. CUR-PVA nano-composite at 20 mg L−1 was the most optimum treatment either in plant irrigated with tape water or saline solution since it caused the highest significant increases in vegetative growth parameters, total photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzyme activities accompanied by highest significant decreases in proline content, MDA and H2O2 relative to control.ConclusionsIn brief that CUR-PVA nano-composite employs no ticeable effect in decreasing the deleterious effect of salinity on quality of sunflower.

The First Serological Detection and Risk Factors Analysis of Akabane Virus in Egyptian Cattle.

Akabane virus (AKAV) is an insect-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae. It is the etiologic agent of Akabane disease (AD), which emerged in Asia, Australia, and the Middle East causing severe economic losses among domestic and wild animals. AKAV has not received enough attention in Egypt, and its evidence among Egyptian animals has never been reported. Therefore, this study used ELISA assay to investigate the seroprevalence of AKAV among Egyptian dairy and beef cattle in eight localities of Beheira province, north Egypt. Out of 368 investigated plasma samples, the overall AKAV seroprevalence was 54.3% (95% CI: 50.8-61.4). AKAV antibodies were detected in all examined cattle farms (7/7) and the majority of abattoirs (8/9). Age, sex, breed, and location of the tested cattle were analyzed as risk factors for AKAV infection. A higher significant increase in seropositivity was obtained in cattle who were aged >5 years (p < 0.0001; OR = 9.4), females (p < 0.0001, OR = 8.3), or Holstein breed (p < 0.0001, OR = 22.6) than in younger ages, males, and Mixed and Colombian zebu breeds, respectively. Moreover, a significant variation in AKAV seroprevalence between the tested locations was noticed. Ultimately, a multivariable analysis concluded that age (p = 0.002, OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.57-7.04) and breed (p = 0.03, OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.72) were significant risks for AKAV infection. In conclusion, this study is the first to detect AKAV infection in Egyptian animals.

Effect Trichoderma spp on Wheat ( Triticum aestivum)

The objective this study were to determine effect of Trichoderma spp and Humic acid 60% on three Varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The study included two factors, first factor was immersion of seeds in Humic acid 60% solution Humic acid 60% + Trichoderma spp150Mg/l, Humic acid 60% + Trichoderma spp 250Mg/l, symbols T1, T2, T3, T4 respectively. The second factor is three varieties of wheat (Iba99, Adina, Dijlla) and the plant variety is represented by V1, V2, V3 respectively. Treatments were Design (RCBD) with three replicates Statistics were evaluated followed by Duncan multiple range test to compare means at P< (0.05). Data presented the use of Humic acid 60% + Trichoderma spp250 Mg/l led to a significant increase in the studied traits as well as the interaction between variables where treatment V2T4 were highest significant increase in plant height, root length and spike length, which reached 95.07 cm plant height, 14.93 cm length Root, spike length is 11.50 cm, while treatment V1T4 were the highest significant increase in leaf reach, reaching 26.80 cm.

The Role of Anti-Sperm Antibodies in Primary, Secondary, Immunological and Idiopathic Infertility in Men

The current study aimed to conduct a statistical study to find out the numbers of men with primary and secondary infertility, immunological infertility and Idiopathic infertility in the city of Tikrit with an estimate of the levels of some sex hormones and physiological and immunological variables. The study included 400 married men who attended the Urology Department at Salah Al-Din Hospital and private clinics in the city of Tikrit and its environs for the period from April 2021 to February 2022, and their ages ranged from (20-50) years, and they were divided into two main groups as follows: It included (80) men, and it was divided into four sub-groups, namely: - The group of patients with primary infertility and included 20 individuals. The group of patients with secondary infertility included 20 individuals. And the group of immunocompromised patients included 20 individuals. And the group of patients with unexplained infertility included 20 individuals. The group of natural (fertile) individuals: It is the fifth group and represents the control group, which included (20) individuals. The results showed that the percentage of primary infertility was the highest among infertile patients, reaching 41%, while the percentage was lowest for immunological infertility, reaching 7%. While the percentage of secondary and unexplained infertility was 21% and 31%, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that there were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in sperm parameters between the study groups, as sperm concentrations and the percentage of mobile sperm showed a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05), especially in the secondary infertility group compared to the control group. As for the percentage of slow-moving sperms, there were no significant changes (P&lt;0.05) in all infertile groups compared with the control group. As for the percentage of non-motile sperms, it showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.05), especially in the unexplained infertility group compared with the control group. With regard to sperm shape, the percentage of deformed sperm showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.05), especially in the primary infertility group compared with the control group. The results of the current study also showed that there were significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) in the concentrations of hormones between the study groups, as the concentrations of testosterone showed a significant decrease (P &lt; 0.05), especially in the primary infertility group compared with the control group, while the least significant decrease was recorded (P&lt;0.05) in testosterone concentration in the unexplained infertility group. Regarding the prolactin hormone, a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) was recorded in the infertility groups compared with the control group, as it was significantly higher in the secondary infertility group. LH also showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) between the study groups, and the highest significant increase was in the primary infertility group compared to the control group, while the unexplained infertility group did not show any significant differences compared to the control group. As for the FSH hormone, it showed significant differences (P&lt;0.05) between the study groups, as it recorded the highest significant increase in the primary infertility group compared to the control group, while the unexplained infertility group did not show any significant differences compared to the control group. The results of the current study also showed that there were significant differences (P&lt;0.05) in the concentrations of immunoglobulins between the study groups, as the concentrations of IgA showed a significant decrease (P&lt;0.05), especially in the secondary infertility group compared with the control group, while the least significant increase was recorded (P&lt;0.05). 0.05) in the concentration of IgA in the immunocompromised group. Regarding IgG, a significant increase (P&lt;0.05) was recorded in the infertile groups compared with the control group, if the highest significant increase was in the immunocompromised group. While the primary and secondary infertility group did not show any significant differences compared to the control group. IgM showed significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between the study groups, and the highest significant increase was in the immunocompromised infertility group compared with the control group, while the primary and secondary infertility groups did not show any significant differences compared with the control group. Also, ASA concentrations showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.05), especially in the unexplained infertility group, while no significant change (P&lt;0.05) was recorded in the ASA concentration in the primary infertility group. With regard to white blood cells, the percentage of white blood cells showed a significant increase (P&lt;0.05), especially in the group of immunocompromised infertility, while the percentage of white blood cells was lowest in the group of primary infertility.

Weed Control, Growth, and Yield of Tomato After Application of Metribuzin and Different Pendimethalin Products in Upper Egypt

Weeds are very problematic for tomato production worldwide. Differences in formulations of the same herbicide have different effects on weeds and crops. There are no published studies on the effect of the capsule suspension of pendimethalin (Pend) products on tomato in Egypt. The present study aims at evaluating three pre-plant Pend products compared with a post-plant metribuzin (Met) and hand hoeing on their efficiency on weed control and on the growth, yield, yield attributes, stand loss rate of tomato plants, and their economic benefit implications in tomato production. During the fall-winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, six weed control treatments were studied including three pre-plant Pend products, a post-plant Met, hand hoeing, and un-weeded control in tomato field experiments. Weed density, fresh weight [FW], and FW reduction% were measured. Tomato measurements included stand loss rate, vegetative growth parameters, leaf chlorophyll concentration, fruit diameter and length, marketable and total yields, fruit total soluble solids, and pH. All herbicides and hand hoeing treatments significantly reduced weeds FW. Stand loss rates of tomato were 0% in hand hoeing followed by Sencor (~ 9.3–11.1%). Vegetative growth and leaf chlorophyll concentration were improved in all treated plots as compared to the control. The highest significant increases in tomato branch number, plant height, stem diameter, and shoot FW were observed in Sencor and Mostmicro treatments. The highest marketable and total fruit yields were observed with Sencor. Met had the highest benefit–cost ratio in the study. All herbicides were effective against various noxious weeds, but tomato “hybrid 65,010” was more tolerant to Met which resulted in better yields than those obtained with Pend products. The most cost-effective method of weed control was Met.

USING SALICYLIC ACID, FOLIC ACID AND/OR MANCOZEB IN CONTROLLING TOMATO EARLY BLIGHT BIOTIC STRESS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GROWTH, YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY, AND STRESS-RELATED ENZYMES

Two field experiments were conducted to study the effect of foliar applications of salicylic acid (200 ppm), folic acid (100 ppm) and/or Mancozeb (50% and 100% of recommended dose) on the growth, yield, quality, enzymes activities related to stress, and disease severity% of tomato plants cv. “Fayrouz” grown under biotic stress conditions of early blight (A. solani) disease. The results showed significant effects of the applied treatments on all the studied characters with a noticeable superiority of the treatments of SA+FolA+50%Rec followed by 100%Rec­ without significant difference between them, which reflects on high mean values of growth, chlorophyll, yield, fruit quality, total phenol, and enzymes activities, in both seasons. Also, the best-applied treatments were related with the highest significant increases in leaves’ total phenol content in addition to enhancing the activity levels of POD, PPO, and CAT enzymes, which were found to significantly decrease the disease severity%, in both seasons. It could be suggested to reduce the recommended dose of mancozeb fungicide up to 50% by using 200 ppm of salicylic acid with 100 ppm of folic acid for ameliorating the deleterious effects of early blight and producing tomato safer for human consumption and eco-friendly.

Implication of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using aptamer-labeled viramidine nanoparticles

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem with regional differences in epidemiological statistics. Co-assembling the drug nanoparticles and targeting moieties could improve the therapeutic delivery of anti-cancer drugs. In this attempt, we tracked the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in HCC cells using viramidine (VRM)-loaded aptamer (APT) nanoparticles. In these NPs, both APT and VRM act as targeted ligands/drugs to HCC cells. The NPs were characterized using TEM, ESI–MS, FTIR, and 1H NMR. The results showed uniform particles with round and smooth shapes on the nano-scale. SRB-based cytotoxicity was performed and IC50 values were measured for HCC versus normal cells upon the proposed treatments. The flow cytometry technique was applied to determine apoptosis, then confirmed using genetic and protein analyses. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) and its enzyme (iNOS) were analyzed to examine the effect of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) on apoptosis induction. The present findings indicated that Huh-7 cells were more sensitive to APT-VRM NPs than HepG2 cells, recording the lowest IC50 values (11.23 ± 0.23 µM and 16.69 ± 1.12 µM), as well as the highest significant increase in the apoptotic cells (61.5% and 42%), respectively. Intriguingely, normal BHK-21 cells recorded undetectable IC50 values in the applied NPs, confirming their targeted delivery ability. The genetic expression and protein levels of c-FLIP, Bcl-2, and TNF-α were down-regulated, while FADD, caspase 8, caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax were up-regulated upon treatment with APT-VRM NPs. The prepared VRM NPs labeled with APT could significantly elevate NO via activation of iNOS. In conclusion, APT-VRM NPs bioconjugate interferes with HCC cells through NO-mediated extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis.