High Quota Research Articles

Impact analysis of the four-party evolutionary game in renewable portfolio standard under dynamic parameters

Renewable portfolio standard has become the primary policy tool to improve the integration of renewable energy. The motivation of the parties involved and the formulation of the policy parameters are crucial for the rapid development of renewable energy industry. However, the role of large consumers has often been neglected as the main party for renewable energy consumption, and the policy parameters have been dominated by static parameters. This paper innovatively introduces large consumers into the evolutionary game, constructs a four-party revenue matrix and the replicated dynamic equations, analyzes the equilibrium conditions of the evolutionary game, and constructs the functions of the key dynamic parameters over time, then simulates the behavioral strategies of the game players under the dynamic parameters with a system dynamics model. The optimal strategy is regulators waive regulation, while power plants, large consumers and power sales companies fulfill their quotas. Dynamic fines, dynamic quotas, and dynamic consumption prices have a large impact on each player, while dynamic TGC prices have a limited impact on them. Reasonably high fines in the initial stage are effective in facilitating each player to its stable state more quickly than static fines. Even if the fine is reduced in the later stages, it will not affect their strategies. High quotas and low consumption prices will significantly accelerate the exit of regulators from regulation, while power sales companies and large consumers will quickly fulfill their quota tasks. Only power generators prefer low quotas and high consumption prices. These results provide some recommendations for the setting of policy parameters.

The Difficulty of Students in Utilizing Online Learning Resources to Apply Creative Thinking

Creative thinking skills can create creative ways and harmonize knowledge with time. However, the analysis of the difficulties of mathematics education students has not been widely discussed, especially in the use of online learning resources. This study analyzes 15 fourth-semester mathematics education students’ difficulties in using online learning resources to apply creative thinking in solving math problems. Instruments consist of creative thinking skills test and a scale of online learning difficulties. The study results found that all subjects were familiar with online learning resources. However, its utilization was still minimal due to various difficulties, such as unstable signals, high quota costs, confusion about choosing an abundance of information, and uncertainty about the correctness of the information. These difficulties have an impact on the limited knowledge of the subject and the ability to generate ideas. Fluency in creative thinking was low. Subject ideas tend to be limited and routine. Subjects prefer to present an idea and immediately apply it to problem-solving. Flexibility is not visible, and errors in responding to ideas still occur. As a result, when the idea is executed incorrectly, the problem-solving is also wrong. Keywords: difficulty of student, online learning resource, creative thinking

IDENTIFIKASI PROBLEMATIKA PELAKSANAAN KULIAH DARING PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The purpose of this study was to find out the problems faced by students of the Islamic Counseling Guidance Study Program in conducting online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic, to find out the solutions provided by the study program in addressing the problems felt by BKI students of the Da'wah and Communications Faculty while conducting online lectures. during the Covid-19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, this research uses a qualitative research approach with descriptive research type, with data collection techniques using observation techniques, semi-structured interviews, documentation. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis method, which will then be carried out data reduction, data presentation and data verification (drawing conclusions) to analyze the data. The results showed that the problems faced by students in conducting online lectures were that they had difficulties with the internet network, high quotas, too many assignments given by lecturers, and most of the respondents said they did not understand the material presented by the teaching lecturer. This makes it difficult for students and becomes a problem in carrying out online lectures. Furthermore, the head of the study program and lecturers have taken follow-up actions to address the problems felt by students by making a lecture contract that has been agreed upon by both parties between the lecturer and students as well as giving tolerance to students in sending assignments

The synergistic effect between Renewable Portfolio Standards and carbon emission trading system: A perspective of China

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and carbon emission trading (CET) system are the top-level system design of China's energy low-carbon transformation, which have great strategic significance for realizing the “carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060”. At present, China's tradable green certificates market and CET market are still in the initial stage. The implementation single system may have diverse trials and errors in its initial stage, and the market activity and transaction frequency are low. Therefore, this paper aims to explore whether the synergistic effect between the two systems can effectively promote China's energy low-carbon transformation. This paper establishes the system dynamic model of the synergistic effect between the RPS and CET in China's electricity market to reveal the influence mechanism and the synergistic effect. The results show that: (1) There is a positive synergistic effect between the RPS and CET, which will change with the institutional parameters. (2) The simultaneous implementation of the RPS and CET can effectively stimulate market vitality and promote the development of the renewable energy industry. (3) Higher quota and lower benchmark price can optimize power source structure, and improve social welfare and institutional performance.

Challenges and opportunities using hunters to monitor chronic wasting disease among wild reindeer in the digital era

Abstract Surveillance of wildlife diseases poses considerable logistical challenges compared to that of humans or livestock. Citizen science can enable broader coverage, but building an efficient disease monitoring system that relies on hunters is challenging. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a lethal and infectious prion disease of cervids. Improving surveillance is important with the detection of CWD in wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) in Norway. This study describes the components of an efficient CWD monitoring system utilizing recreational hunters. We report the success of data capture after 6 years of surveillance. We provide an overview of CWD occurrence among the 24 wild reindeer areas and quantify the likelihood of disease absence in areas without detection. Surveillance aimed to test hunted reindeer aged ≥1 year. With higher quotas and extended hunting seasons, proactive surveillance was implemented in at‐risk areas. There were several challenges of population demarcation and the lack of surveys required for risk‐based sampling. Several specific tools for hunters have been developed, including digital apps for rapid reporting and feedback. Laboratory capacity was expanded, and novel statistical tools were developed for the specifics of the sampled tissues. The surveillance (2016–2021) achieved a sample return rate of 61.5% from a maximum of 22,123 harvested reindeer aged ≥1 year. Among these, 64.1% included both relevant tissues (retropharyngeal lymph nodes and brain), yielding 9412 (42.5%) complete samples of harvested reindeer. Samples originating from harvest constituted ~84% of total wild reindeer samples. CWD was detected in 2 of the 24 wild reindeer management areas. The remaining populations had a probability of CWD‐freedom from 60% to 99% (mean = 77%) at a design prevalence of 0.5%. Utilizing hunters to monitor wildlife disease appears to be the most realistic option for cervid species. However, the logistical and economic constraints are substantial and pose long‐term challenges. Considerable uncertainty about disease occurrence remains even after massive surveillance, and whether management should take preventive actions remains a challenge.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SELF DIRECT LEARNING BERBASIS LITERASI DIGITAL PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI SMKS TIK DARUSSALAM MEDAN

ABSTRAKBased on the survey, the development of digital literacy-based SDL learning models at Vocational High Schools Darussalam Computer Informastion Technology (SMK TIK) has not gone well. Teachers find it difficult to measure student learning achievement because some students do not have gadgets, gadgets are brought by parents to work, 1 gadget is used interchangeably with siblings, high quota fees, uneven access to the internet, difficulties for parents in accompanying their children to study so that it affects work assignments .This digital literacy-based SDL provides a new color for teachers and students by implementing offline and online media collaboration such as communication via whatsApp groups, websites, blogs, g.classrooms, zoom meetings, video conferences, educational games, subject books and others.Based on the results of the t test, the significance value is SDL > alpha 5% or tcount = 14,028 > ttable 1,695, then H0 = rejected, so there is a significant influence between the independent and dependent variables, SDL partially has a significant positive effect in analyzing the development of digital literacy-based learning models in during the Covid 19 pandemic at Vocational High Schools Darussalam Computer Informastion Technology.The coefficient R2 is 0.864 (86.4%), SDL has a significant positive effect and the remaining 0.136 (13.6%) is influenced by other variables that are not included in the inpu The positive impact of SDL, students are able to think critically, collaboratively, communicatively so that it is no longer teacher centered learning but student centered learning. The negative impact of SDL is spending more time in front of gadgets for online learning reasons, where time playing games, stalking social media, is much longer than studying and doing assignments.Suggestion, dissemination of digital literacy to teachers, parents, students, and the community during the SDL learning process, using innovative and creative digital content applications, supervision and follow-up for students who are constrained in the parents' economic sector, making g.form school evaluation, carry out regular technical guidance for teachers to improve the quality of their teaching.Keyword : Self Direct Learning, Digital Literacy, Covid 19 Pandemic

Pathways to sustainable methanol operations using gas-heated reforming (GHR) technologies

The global methanol industry provides a unique supply chain to a plethora of chemicals and processes while also contributing to high quotas of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Hence, as the world focuses on climate change mitigation, green technologies are emerging, allowing for low carbon operations. However, the timeliness and scalability of these technologies limit the sustainable transition of the current methanol industry. Thus, to promote low carbon operations within business-as-usual methanol production, innovative technologies need to be investigated-boasting high resource and energy efficiencies. Here, we examine the effectiveness of novel gas-heated reforming (GHR) over autothermal (ATR) and steam reforming (SMR)- coupled with carbon capture and storage platforms (CCS), in promoting sustainable methanol operations. Our results highlight the GHR as the most efficient flowsheet- with 11 % overall higher energy efficiency and 17 % increase in resource efficiency over ATR and SMR processes. Furthermore, through coupled CCS and electrification, energy and resource efficiencies were improved with GHR systems- achieving 14–41 % reduced GHG emissions compared to ATR and SMR flowsheets. Lastly, considering process economics, GHR flowsheets outperform- producing minimum selling prices up to 24 % lower than the current market. Ultimately, as the world seeks to promote a sustainable transition through the deployment of low carbon energy sources, GHR systems emerge as the preferred technologies- providing both economic and environmental benefits for future low carbon methanol operations.

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Evaluation of The Use of E-Learning Madrasah in Social Studies Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Tsanawiyah Negeri Madrasah (Field Study at 4 Madrasahs in the East Coast Region of Central Java)

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-GB">The goal to be achieved in this study is to determine the Evaluation of the Use of Madrasah E-Learning in Social Studies learning during the Pandemic Covid-19 Period at Madrasah Tsanawiyah. The research method is a qualitative method.</span></p><span lang="EN-US">The results of this study concluded that 1). In planning online learning using the e-learning application for social studies subject madrasas, the teacher has made learning tools well before carrying out the online learning process, but the teacher can only use 2 methods in the learning process, only the method of giving assignments and lectures; 2). The implementation of online learning, using the madrasa e-learning application, has been proven to have gone well. The madrasa e-learning application can be used easily by teachers, students, and parents but is considered ineffective because there are still many obstacles faced by teachers, students, and parents such as high quota prices, too many assignments, children getting bored easily, parents who have to work and teachers who cannot explain the material directly, but these obstacles can be overcome in their separate ways</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span>

Exploring of Online Learning Using Youtube in English Vocabulary During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Since the Covid-19 pandemic, all activities have been hampered, from work to school which hampers the conventional learning process or face-to-face learning. The objectives of this research aims to discover the positive things taken from YouTube for online English learning media daring this covid-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative research in which the author uses the literature study observations taken from previous researchers. Currently, schools have implemented online learning, where teachers are required to use a monotonous lecture method. This is one of the problems that will cause students to be unenthusiastic and unfocused when studying. Therefore, this study shows that utilizing Youtube media can improve vocabulary and student understanding in English lessons, increasing student achievement. However, there must be disadvantages every time there are advantages: the lack of optimal supervision of students, poor signal or internet network, and high quotas are the obstacles to using YouTube as a learning medium

The Use of Youtube in Teaching Speaking : A Systematic Literature Review

The era of the COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the conventional learning process or face to face learning in schools. Of course, it is necessary to find a solution to overcome these obstacles. Through online learning is one way that can be used by teachers and students to overcome these problems. English subject is one of the subjects at the junior high / high school level. However, some students find this subject difficult to reach for students who have never studied English in schools before. The purpose of this research is to find out the benefits can be taken from YouTube for bold English learning media in the midst of the covid 19 pandemic. This research is a qualitative research in which the author uses the SLR method. The results of this study indicate that by using YouTube media, it is able to increase students' understanding so that students' learning achievement increases when using other media such as using e-books or WhatsApp, but things that do not need to be constrained are less than optimal supervision of teachers and other people. Parents to students, poor signal or internet network, and high quota even there are still students who don't have Android phones, which is an obstacle in using YouTube as a learning medium. Challenges in the world of education in meet the needs of the internet generation is quite large. This is due to experience those who differ in particular their life experience in using technology. Internet itself opens up many possibilities for integrating technology in learning in the classroom. Youtube is one of the learning media that can be integrated in learning English subjects that are considered difficult by students. Research purposes This is to see to what extent Youtube can be used as a learning medium in English eyes. The results showed that the videos on Youtube can be used as a learning medium.

Supply side incentive under the Renewable Portfolio Standards: A perspective of China

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) is a mandatory institutional change to promote low-carbon energy transformation and renewable energy development. Its successful implementation requires the scientific design of relevant incentive mechanisms and rules. To make up for the defects in the current RPS mechanism design and the problems exposed in the Tradable Green Certificate (TGC) market, this paper takes China as an example and uses the system dynamics method to study the supply side incentives. The results show that: (1) Scientific setting the relevant system parameters of RPS (such as quota, benchmark price and penalty) and promoting the electricity market reform will effectively stimulate the power generation and investment on the supply side, and improve manufacturers' profit. (2) Higher quotas and lower benchmark prices can increase the manufacturers' power generation, profit and investment, and stimulate the supply side to conduct TGC transactions. However, when the penalty is set at different multiples of the benchmark price, the incentive effect on supply side power generation, investment and profit differ. (3) Marketed on-grid prices can significantly stimulate the supply side and promote renewable energy development. This paper can provide reference for the design of RPS incentive mechanism and institutional parameters.

Allocation of carbon emission quotas for China's provincial public buildings based on principles of equity and efficiency

In accordance with China's commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement, it is important to establish a fair and effective carbon emission allocation mechanism; this would help to achieve China's 2030 “carbon peak” target. Here, the fixed cost allocation model (FCAM) was used to allocate carbon emission quotas to public buildings in China in 2030, based on the principles of equity and efficiency. By comparing these provincial allocation results with those obtained using zero-sum data envelope analysis (ZSG-DEA), optimal carbon emission quotas were proposed for the public building sectors of thirty Chinese provinces. The results revealed large differences, with the public buildings of Guangdong having the highest quota (11.39%) and those of Xinjiang having the lowest (0.08%). Additionally, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning were revealed to be under high pressure with regard to the reduction of emissions from their public buildings; Heilongjiang was predicted to require the highest reduction, exhibiting a need to reduce 34 million tons of emissions. These findings will help provide new ideas for relevant policy makers to formulate fair and effective carbon allowance allocation plans.

Uncertainty and precaution in hunting wolves twice in a year.

When humanity confronts the risk of extinction of species, many people invoke precautions, especially in the face of uncertainty. Although precautionary approaches are value judgments, the optimal design and effect of precautions or lack thereof are scientific questions. We investigated Wisconsin gray wolves Canis lupus facing a second wolf-hunt in November 2021 and use three legal thresholds as the societal value judgments about precautions: (1) the 1999 population goal, 350 wolves, (2) the threshold for statutory listing under the state threatened and endangered species act, 250 wolves; and (3) state extirpation <2 wolves. This allows us to explore the quantitative relationship between precaution and uncertainty. Working from estimates of the size wolf population in April 2021 and reproduction to November, we constructed a simple linear model with uninformative priors for the period April 2021-April 2022 including an uncertain wolf-hunt in November 2021. Our first result is that the state government under-counted wolf deaths in the year preceding both wolf-hunts. We recommend better scientific analysis be used when setting wolf-hunt quotas. We find official recommendations for a quota for the November 2021 wolf-hunt risk undesirable outcomes. Even a quota of zero has a 13% chance of crossing threshold 1. Therefore, a zero death toll would be precautionary. Proponents for high quotas bear the burden of proof that their estimates are accurate, precise, and reproducible. We discuss why our approach is transferable to non-wolves. We show how scientists have the tools and concepts for quantifying and explaining the probabilities of crossing thresholds set by laws or other social norms. We recommend that scientists grapple with data gaps by explaining what the uncertainty means for policy and the public including the consequences of being wrong.

How can the cost and effectiveness of renewable portfolio standards be coordinated? Incentive mechanism design from the coevolution perspective

Renewable portfolio standards are essential means to promote the transition to low-carbon energy by encouraging obligated subjects to purchase tradable green certificates. However, the trade-off between Renewable portfolio standards' cost and effectiveness is a challenge for the government, because they want to support the development of renewable energy at the lowest cost. This paper constructs a coevolution model for a renewable energy system incorporating Renewable portfolio standards to explore how incentive mechanisms impact the cost and effectiveness of Renewable portfolio standards. The simulation results show that with the coevolution of the RE system, Renewable portfolio standards' effectiveness gradually rises; concurrently, its cost increases first before later decreasing. However, the path-dependence of the behavioural evolution of the tradable green certificate market players hinders further improvements in Renewable portfolio standards' cost-effectiveness. In addition, high quotas and price collars close to TGC value improve the cost-effectiveness, whilst the sloped penalty mechanisms, banking mechanisms with a valid period longer than one year, and borrowing mechanisms significantly reduce costs. On this basis, the government can design dynamic incentive mechanisms to guide the market players’ behavioural evolution and decrease costs whilst also ensuring effectiveness.

The role of post-transcriptional modulators of metalloproteins in response to metal deficiencies.

Copper and iron proteins have a wide range of functions in living organisms. Metal assembly into metalloproteins is a complex process, where mismetalation is detrimental and energy consuming to cells. Under metal deficiency, metal distribution is expected to reach a metalation ranking, prioritizing essential versus dispensable metalloproteins, while avoiding interference with other metals and protecting metal-sensitive processes. In this review, we propose that post-transcriptional modulators of metalloprotein mRNA (ModMeR) are good candidates in metal prioritization under metal-limited conditions. ModMeR target high quota or redundant metalloproteins and, by adjusting their synthesis, ModMeR act as internal metal distribution valves. Inappropriate metalation of ModMeR targets could compete with metal delivery to essential metalloproteins and interfere with metal-sensitive processes, such as chloroplastic photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration. Regulation of ModMeR targets could increase or decrease the metal flow through interconnected pathways in cellular metal distribution, helping to achieve adequate differential metal requirements. Here, we describe and compare ModMeR that function in response to copper and iron deficiencies. Specifically, we describe copper-miRNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana and diverse iron ModMeR from yeast, mammals, and bacteria under copper and iron deficiencies, as well as the influence of oxidative stress. Putative functions derived from their role as ModMeR are also discussed.

The Clinical Complexity of Penile Cancer: Current Clinical-Epidemiological Data from the Database of the Free State of Saxony/Germany

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess penile cancer incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment options, transparency of clinical quality, and relative survival based on data from the clinical cancer registry. Subjects and Methods: A total of 898 patients with tumours of the penis were diagnosed and analysed in the period from 2000 to 2018; they were documented in the 4 regional clinical cancer registries and summarized in the Command Office of these 4 registries. Results: The standardized incidence rate increased from 0.86 in 2000 to 2.67 in 2018. Most tumours were located at the glans (42.9%) followed by the prepuce (19.5%) and corpus penis (6.9%); they were classified into pT1a/pT1b (20.0%/7.0%), pT2 (23.5%), pT3 (12.4%), and pT4 (0.8%). In only 32.0% of all documented cases, a stage-related lymphadenectomy (LND) was carried out. Negative surgical margins were found in only 70% and the Rx status in 15.1%. Primary metastasis was detected in pN1 (5.1%), pN2 (3.9%), pN3 (3.1%), and M1 status in 3.0%, respectively. The predominant therapy was surgery in 78.3%. The proportion of penile partial resections was significantly (p = 0.0045) regredient over the control period. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 4.7%, adjuvant external-beam radiotherapy in 3.0%. The 5-year relative overall survival rate was 74.7% and ranged from 108.0% (stage 0) to 17.1% (stage IV). A total of 29 hospitals performed tumour operations. Conclusions: The multitude of clinical and epidemiological variables available in clinical cancer registries allows a safe assessment of tumour dynamics themselves, as well as good quality of transparency and broadly acceptable guideline adherence. Deviations from the accepted level of evidence were found in the grading definition, in the high quota of positive surgical margins, in the defensive indication position to the glans resurfacing/reconstruction and diagnostical LND. Based on these relevant findings in the database combined with the low frequency of the tumour in area/clinics/year, we recommended establishing SCCP reference clinics. This work is the first time that European standardized rate-based cancer registry data on penile cancer from Germany has been communicated.

PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI TENGAH WABAH COVID-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted the conventional learning process. So a solution is needed to answer this problem. Online learning is one alternative that can overcome this problem. The purpose of the study was to obtain an overview of the implementation of online learning in the Islamic Education Study Program of STAI Assalamiyah as an effort to suppress the spread of covid-19 in universities. The research subjects are students of Biology Education Study Program. Data was collected by interview via zoom cloud meeting. Data analysis was performed using Miles &amp; Huberman's interactive analysis technique. The results showed that: (1) students already had the basic facilities needed to take part in online learning; (2) online learning has flexibility in its implementation and is able to encourage the emergence of independent learning and motivation to be more active in learning; and (3) distance learning encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the emergence of student crowds so that they are considered to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 in the university environment. Weak supervision of students, lack of strong signal in remote areas, and high quota fees are challenges in online learning. Increasing learning independence, interest and motivation, the courage to express ideas and questions are other advantages of online learning

The Effectiveness of Online Learning in the Conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Senior High School

Pandemic covid-19 has disrupted the conventional learning process. So a solution is needed to answer these problems. Online learning is an alternative that can solve this problem. The research objective was to obtain an overview of the implementation of online learning at State Senior High School 1 Palembang, as an effort to reduce the spread of covid-19 in schools. The research subjects were students of class X IPA1 until X IPA6(100 students). Data were collected by an interview via zoom cloud meeting. Data analysis was performed using interactive analysis techniques by Miles &amp; Huberman. The results showed that: (1) students already have the basic facilities needed to take part in online learning, (2) online learning has flexibility in its implementation and can encourage independent learning and motivation to be more active in learning, and (3) distance learning encourages the emergence of social distancing behavior and minimizes the appearance of student crowds so that it is considered to reduce the potential for the spread of Covid-19 in the school environment. Weak supervision of students, unstable mobile device signal, and high quota fees are challenges in online learning. Increasing independent learning, interest and motivation, courage to present ideas and questions are other advantages of online learning.

Optimal allocation of CO2 emission quotas at the city level in Bohai Rim Economic Circle based on multi-objective decision approach.

As the most developed city circle in northern China, allocating CO2 emission quotas at the Bohai Rim Economic Circle (BREC) city level is essential for developing specific abatement policies. Thus, with reflecting multi-principles (fairness, efficiency, sustainability, and feasibility), this paper formulates the CO2 emission quota allocation among cities in BREC in 2030 based on the multi-objective decision approach. We first propose three allocation schemes based on the principles of fairness, efficiency, and sustainability, which are conducted by entropy method, zero-sum gains data envelopment (ZSG-DEA) model, and CO2 sequestration share method, respectively. Then, the CO2 allocation satisfaction is defined and used to measure the feasibility principle which is integrated as the objective function of the multi-objective decision model together with three allocation schemes to obtain the optimal allocation results. The results show that Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Shijiazhuang, Yantai, Weifang, and Linyi enjoy the largest CO2 emission quotas, having 1179.94 Mt in total and accounting for 31%. Beijing has the highest quotas, and Laiwu has the lowest emission quotas. Cities with large energy consumption and less CO2 sequestration capacity, such as Tianjin, Handan, and Tangshan, experience a decrease in the emission quota shares from 2017 to 2030, indicating that these cities would undertake large emission reduction obligations. Sensitivity analysis shows that Beijing, Zibo, and Jinan are more sensitive to minimum satisfaction changes, and the total satisfaction experiences an increase first and declines thereafter. Based on the results above, cities with large pressure to reduce CO2 emissions should not only promote economic development but also improve the capacity of CO2 sequestration by enhancing environmental protection to realize emission reduction targets.