High Levels Of Vitamin Research Articles

An Overview of Recent Advances in Greenhouse Strawberry Cultivation Using Deep Learning Techniques: A Review for Strawberry Practitioners

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has been widely accepted as the “Queen of Fruits”. It has been identified as having high levels of vitamin C and antioxidants that are beneficial for maintaining cardiovascular health and maintaining blood sugar levels. The implementation of advanced techniques like precision agriculture (PA) is crucial for enhancing production compared to conventional farming methods. In recent years, the successful application of deep learning models was represented by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in a variety of disciplines of computer vision (CV). Due to the dearth of a comprehensive and detailed discussion on the application of deep learning to strawberry cultivation, a particular review of recent technologies is needed. This paper provides an overview of recent advancements in strawberry cultivation utilizing Deep Learning (DL) techniques. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the most up-to-date techniques and methodologies used in this field by examining recent research. It also discusses the recent advanced variants of the DL model, along with a fundamental overview of CNN architecture. In addition, techniques for fine-tuning DL models have been covered. Besides, various strawberry-planting-related datasets were examined in the literature, and the limitations of using research models for real-time research have been discussed.

Comparative Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Zizania latifolia Cultivars Harvested in Different Growing Seasons.

Zizania latifolia (Z. latifolia) is a popular aquatic vegetable with various nutrients in south China, but little is known about its cultivars and growing seasons in terms of the nutritional components. This work aims to characterize the nutrients of five Z. latifolia cultivars in different growing seasons. The results showed that Z. latifolia samples differed in terms of chemical parameters, which were significantly affected by variety, growing season, and their interaction. Zhejiao No. 8, harvested in the autumn, stood out with the highest levels of vitamin C. Tangxiajiao and Zhejiao No. 1 contained the highest values of total soluble solids, reducing sugar, soluble proteins, and amino acids. Significant differences were observed between the autumn Z. latifolia and spring samples; the former were of higher quality than the latter based on hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis. Moreover, total amino acids (TAA) and glutamic acid (GLU) were selected as the key indicators for Z. latifolia comprehensive quality by multiple linear regression analysis. This study provides essential information on Z. latifolia quality characteristics corresponding to cultivars and growing seasons, which lays the foundation for promoting the quality improvement of Z. latifolia scientifically.

Millets: The Nourishing Solution to Food Security Challenges Over Cereal-Based Cropping Systems

A heightened emphasis on augmenting millet production and accentuating their nutritional benefits is pivotal in mitigating reliance on conventional crops, fostering dietary diversity, and enhancing food security, particularly in times of natural calamities when food scarcity is prevalent. The United Nations General Assembly has designated the year 2023 as the International Year of Millet. Millets hailed as 'superfoods,' boast high levels of protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. India stands as a major contributor, producing 80% of Asia's millets and 20% globally, as reported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. Statistics reveal that over 90 million individuals in Africa and Asia incorporate millets into their diets, with Africa accounting for more than 55% of global production, followed by Asia at nearly 40%, while Europe constitutes approximately three per cent of the worldwide market. Specifically in India, West Bengal adheres to a predominantly monocultural cropping system, predominantly focused on rice. Monoculture systems are highly susceptible to blights and pests due to their lack of diversity, leading to reduced soil fertility and compromised soil structure. Cultivating millets not only offers a viable solution by diminishing reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides but also facilitates a transition towards sustainable agriculture. This involves diversifying crop rotations and steering clear of the pitfalls associated with mono-cropping systems. Introducing various millet types into cropping systems can significantly enhance food security. Each millet variant possesses unique qualities that enable them to withstand extreme climatic conditions, making them particularly relevant as adaptive measures in the current context of global warming and climate change issues.

High Levels of Vitamin A in Plant-Based Diets for Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles, Effects on Growth, Skeletal Anomalies, Bone Molecular Markers, and Histological Morphology.

Substitution of fish-based ingredients may alter the nutritional profile of the feeds, including the vitamin contents, ultimately leading to unbalanced vitamin supply. Vitamin A plays an essential role in epithelium preservation, cell differentiation, reproduction, and vision. It also intervenes in skeletogenesis through chondrocytes development. Therefore, low levels of vitamin A may cause poor growth and abnormal bone development among other symptoms. Besides, in gilthead seabream excess vitamin A altered bone structure and homeostasis, indicating that an upper level for vitamin A in feeds for this species must be defined. For this purpose, a practical plant-based diet (FM 10% and FO 6%) containing five increasing levels of vitamin A (24,000, 26,000, 27,000, 31,000, and 37,000 IU/kg) supplemented as retinyl acetate was formulated to identify the effects of high levels of vitamin A for gilthead seabream juveniles. The trial was conducted with 450 total fish distributed into 15 tanks, where each diet was tested in triplicates for 70 days. At the end of the trial, samples were taken for analyses of vitamin A-relevant markers. At the end of the trial the high levels of vitamin A supplementation did not cause a reduction in growth, whereas no significant effect was observed for the feed efficiency, specific growth rate, and feed convertion ratio. Although not significant, retinol content in liver showed a tendency to increase with the elevation of dietary vitamin A levels. Although minor, the highest level of vitamin A dietary content (37,000 IU/kg) caused a significant increase in caudal vertebrae partial fusion as well as caudal vertebrae malformations. Increasing dietary vitamin A was related to a reduction in the occurrence of microhemorrhages in the liver and a reduction in the presence of eosinophils associated to the pancreas. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that gilthead seabream juveniles fed a plant-based diet are able to tolerate very high levels of vitamin A supplementation when supplemented as retinyl acetate. Nevertheless, further supplementation should be avoided in order to reduce the prevalence of anomalies affecting the caudal vertebrae.

Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in 51 Minor Tropical Fruits of Ecuador.

Less common tropical fruits have been the subject of little research, leaving a vast field to be explored. In this context, a comprehensive study was carried out on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of 51 non-traditional fruits consumed in Ecuador. Vitamin C, organic acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds were evaluated using microextraction and rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) techniques, while antioxidant activity was measured using microplate readings. The results showed high levels of vitamin C (768.2 mg/100 g DW) in Dovyalis hebecarpa, total organic acids (37.2 g/100 g DW) in Passiflora tripartita, carotenoids (487.0 mg/100 g DW) in Momordica charantia, phenolic compounds (535.4 mg/g DW) in Nephelium lappaceum, Pourouma cecropiifolia (161.4 µmol TE/g DW) and Morus alba (80.5 µmol AAE/g DW) in antioxidant activity. Effective extraction of carotenoids was also observed using a mixture of methanol: acetone: dichloromethane (1:1:2) with an extraction time of 2 min, while an 80% solution of 0.1% acidified methanol with hydrochloric acid with an extraction time of 3 min was highly effective for phenolics in fruit. These results provide a valuable basis for optimising future extraction processes of bioactive compounds from non-traditional fruits, with significant implications for their potential use in various nutritional and pharmaceutical contexts.

Plasma and milk metabolomics revealed changes in amino acid metabolism in Holstein dairy cows under heat stress

Our understanding of metabolic alterations triggered by heat stress is incomplete, which limits the designing of nutritional strategies to mitigate negative productive and health effects. Thus, this study aimed to explore the metabolic responses of heat-stressed dairy cows to dietary supplementation with vitamin D3/Ca and vitamin E/Se. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in a split-plot Latin square design with two distinct vitamin E/Se supplementation levels, either at a low (ESe−, n = 6, 11.1 IU/kg vitamin E and 0.55 mg/kg Se) or a high dose (ESe+, n = 6 223 IU/kg vitamin E and 1.8 mg/kg Se) as the main plot. Treatment subplots, arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, comprised heat challenge (Temperature Humidity Index, THI: 72.0–82.0) supplemented with different levels of vitamin D3/Ca: either low (HS/DCa−, 1 012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively) or high (HS/DCa+, 3 764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), and a pair-fed control group in thermoneutrality (THI = 61.0–64.0) receiving the low dose of vitamin D3/Ca (TN). The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome profile was determined in blood plasma and milk sampled at the beginning (day 0) and end (day 14) of each experimental period. The results were analyzed for the effect of (1) TN vs. HS/ESe−/DCa−, and (2) the vitamin E/Se and vitamin D3/Ca supplementation. No group or group × day effects were detected in the plasma metabolome (false discovery rate, FDR > 0.05), except for triglyceride 52:2 being higher (FDR = 0.03) on day 0 than 14. Taurine, creatinine and butyryl-carnitine showed group × day interactions in the milk metabolome (FDR ≤ 0.05) as creatinine (+22%) and butyryl-carnitine (+190%) were increased (P < 0.01) on day 14, and taurine was decreased (−65%, P < 0.01) on day 14 in the heat stress (HS) cows, compared with day 0. Most compounds were unaffected by vitamin E/Se or vitamin D3/Ca supplementation level or their interaction (FDR > 0.05) in plasma and milk, except for milk alanine which was lower (−69%, FDR = 0.03) in the E/Se+ groups, compared with E/Se−. Our results indicated that HS triggered more prominent changes in the milk than in the plasma metabolome, with consistent results in milk suggesting increased muscle catabolism, as reflected by increased creatinine, alanine and citrulline levels. Supplementing with high levels of vitamin E/Se or vitamin D3/Ca or their combination did not appear to affect the metabolic remodeling triggered by HS.

Mapping of chili varieties by vitamin C levels

One of the secondary metabolites produced by chili peppers is ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid, better known as vitamin C, is a supplement that is widely consumed by humans. The study aims to map 37 varieties of chili peppers, consisting of 19 varieties of big chilies, 10 varieties of curly chilies and 8 varieties of cayenne peppers based on vitamin C levels. The chili peppers under study were planted at Lembang, West Java in March and harvested in August 2020. Measurements of vitamin C levels were conducted using the HPLC method. Vitamin C level data were mapped using the PAST 3.1 statistics program. The study succeeded in mapping chili varieties based on vitamin C levels to very low (2 varieties), low (10 varieties), medium (11 varieties), high (13 varieties), and very high (1 variety) categories. Big chili vitamin C levels ranged from 77.4 to 158.3 and averaged 122.7, curly chili vitamin C levels ranged from 92.9 to 168.0 and averaged of 137.5, and cayenne peppers vitamin C levels ranged from 45.6 to 144,9 with and averaged 92.2. The research showed that curly chilies had higher levels of vitamin C than big chilies and cayenne peppers.

Seed dormancy mechanism and dormancy-breaking methods in wild raspberry (Rubus fraxinifolius Poir.)

Raspberries are subtropical plants that contain high levels of vitamin C, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory. They can potentially be developed as horticultural and medicinal plants. Dormancy is a challenge in the cultivation of raspberries (Rubus fraxinifolius Poir.). This study was conducted as two separate experiments. The first experiment aimed to identify the dormancy mechanism of R. fraxinifolius seed. In a two-factor factorial design, the first factor was seed storage, as unstored and three-month-stored, and the second factor was chemical-immersed treatment consisting of control, H2SO4, acetone, GA3, KNO3, H2SO4-GA3, acetone-GA3, H2SO4-KNO3, acetone-KNO3. The second experiment was aimed at determining dormancy-breaking methods for R. fraxinifolius seeds. In main plots were filter paper and cocopeat germination substrates. The subplots included control, immersed with distilled water, H2SO4, ultrafine bubble water, and temperature treatment at −80 °C, 50 °C, and 70 °C. The germination of unstored and three-month-stored seeds increased after H2SO4 treatment (36 to 82% and 82 to 94%, respectively). Seed germination increased after three months of storage. There was an increase in cytokinin hormone levels along with germination enhancement. The seeds went into physical dormancy because their seed coat was hard, and they went into physiological dormancy because of low cytokinin concentration. Stratification at 50 °C increased germination (78.5 to 93.0%), reduced dormancy intensity (15 to 6.5%), and increased the percentage of the speed of germination (1.99 to 3.12 ) on filter paper substrate.

Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Mahajanaka Mango Pulp Extract in Murine Models

Mahajanaka mango, a hybrid cultivar of Mangifera indica Linn., is a highly nutritional fruit that is popularly consumed in Thailand. It has been used in traditional medicine due to its abundance of phytonutrients. The present study aimed to investigate the chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of Mahajanaka mango pulp extract (MPE) in vitro. Additionally, we examined its biological activities, including the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of MPE, in murine models. MPE exhibited high levels of phenolic compounds, mangiferin, β-carotene, and vitamin C, and it potentially showed antioxidant properties in an ABTS scavenging assay. The animal results have revealed that oral administration of MPE (1000 mg/kg body weight (BW)) significantly decreased acetic acid-induced writhing responses in mice. Interestingly, local applications of MPE at 1 mg/ear ameliorated ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced ear edema, while gavage of MPE at 1000 mg/kg BW significantly decreased carrageenan-induced hind paw edema in rats. MPE can also protect against gastric ulcers induced by stress, hydrochloric acid/ethanol, and indomethacin in rats. Indeed, MPE (250 mg/kg BW) markedly lowered the level of serum alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats with CCl4- and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Taken together, the findings suggested that MPE exerts potent antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects.

Vitamin and microelement status and somato­sexual development of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Objective — to study peculiarities of the state of vitamin and microelement provision in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with the physiological and pathological course of puberty.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved 143 patients (75 boys and 68 girls) with type 1 diabetes aged 10 to 17 years. The level of retinol, tocopherol, 25(OH)D3 and Zn concentration were determined in blood serum.Results and discussion. The gender characteristics of vitamin and microelement imbalance in adolescents with type type 1 diabetes were determined, the nature of which depended on the course of puberty. Among boys with type 1 diabetes under the conditions of harmonious physical development (PD), an increase in the percentage of low levels of vitamin E was recorded more often than in girls (39.1 vs. 12.2 %, рφ &lt; 0.02). In girls with a disharmonious type of PD with increased body weight and high height, there was an increase in the frequency of high levels of vitamin E (48.1 %) under conditions of a normal level of retinol (37.0 %). In boys with high height and body weight disorders, an increased level of Zn (64.3 %) and an increase in the frequency of pronounced vitamin D deficiency (47.6 %) were recorded more often. Only 9.5 % of patients had vitamin D levels that corresponded to the optimal level of provision. In girls with disharmonious PD, the level of 25(OH)D3 was higher than in boys and was (19.06 ± 1.51) and (13.10 ± 1.53) ng/ml, respectively; (рu &lt; 0.002). Under the conditions of disharmonious PD boys had lower values of vitamin A (52.2 vs. 29.6 %, рφ &lt; 0.05) and vitamin E (39.1 vs. 3.7 %, рφ &lt; 0.05) compared to girls. In boys with the physiological course of sexual development (SD), in comparison with girls, a decrease in the level of zinc, retinol and tocopherol was more often registered. Under the conditions of SD disorders, a reduced level of vitamin A was more often registered in girls (66.7 vs. 35.7 %, рφ &lt; 0.03) with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of its elevated values (8.3 vs. 37.5 %, рφ &lt; 0.01) relative to patients with a physiological course of SD. At the same time, normal levels of vitamin E were recorded more often. Under conditions of sexual development delay in boys, the frequency of normal values of vitamin E was decreased compared to girls. Аt the same time, pronounced deficiency of vitamin D was more often registered in boys with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of its suboptimal level.&#x0D; Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, a relationship between indicators of vitamin and microelement status and somatic and sexual development in adolescents with type I diabetes was established. The tension of reserves of vitamins A, E, D and the imbalance of zinc concentration were found in boys with disharmonious physical development. Sexual development delay in boys was accompanied by a deterioration in the nature of providing the body with vitamins D and E.

Evaluation of the Harvest Dates for Three Major Cultivars of Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) in China.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is an emerging fruit crop; however, determining its proper harvest time in commercial cultivation remains challenging due to its rapid fruit development characteristics. In this study, we investigated 17 agronomic traits of three blue honeysuckle cultivars harvested on 5 successive dates within their respective harvest windows. 'Lanjingling', 'Wulan', and 'Berel' showed solid-acid ratios (SS:TA) ranging from 10.00 to 16.01, 8.13 to 10.23, and 5.77 to 7.11, respectively; anthocyanin contents ranged from 233.85 to 276.83 mg/100 g, 236.38 to 312.23 mg/100 g, and 235.71 to 334.98 mg/100 g, respectively; vitamin C contents ranged from 88.43 to 99.68 mg/100 g, 108.13 to 191.23 mg/100 g, and 89.71 to 120.40 mg/100 g, respectively; phenolic contents ranged from 25.22 to 37.59 mg/g, 25.40 to 36.52 mg/g, and 37.66 to 50.00 mg/g, respectively. The results revealed the SS:TA value consistently increased with delayed harvesting and were significantly negatively correlated with fruit firmness, total acidity, shelf life, and respiration intensity, suggesting it is an ideal maturity indicator for blue honeysuckle berries. The factor analysis suggests that the suitable harvest date for 'Lanjingling' could be either 47 days after flowering (DAF) with an SS:TA value of approximately 10.0, characterized by high firmness, extended shelf life, and elevated levels of anthocyanins and phenolics; or 67 DAF (SS:TA ≈ 16.0), characterized by high vitamin C content and sweetness, and larger size and weight. For 'Wulan', it suggests the suitable harvest date is either 54 DAF (SS:TA ≈ 9.0), yielding fruit with high levels of anthocyanins and vitamin C; or 62 DAF (SS:TA > 10.0), yielding fruit with high sweetness and large size and weight. For 'Berel', it is suggested to be either 52 DAF (SS:TA ≈ 6.5), resulting in fruit with high levels of anthocyanins and vitamin C; or 62 DAF (SS:TA > 7.0), resulting in balanced levels of the fruit quality traits.

Rubi idaei fructus as a Source of Bioactive Chemical Compounds with an Important Role in Human Health and Comparison of the Antioxidant Potential of Fruits and Juice of Three Repeat-Fruiting Rubus idaeus L. Cultivars.

Rubi idaei fructus is a source of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds, mainly antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system and can be used in the prophylaxis and adjuvant therapies of many oxidative stress-induced diseases. There are no literature reports presenting a comprehensive comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity and nutritionally relevant metabolites contained in the fruits of repeat-fruiting raspberry cultivars, which are commonly grown in Europe. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential (Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH, FRAP), the content of selected primary and secondary metabolites, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the fruits of R. idaeus cv. 'Pokusa', 'Polana', and 'Polka'. The fruits of the analyzed cultivars have a low caloric value (171-219 kcal/100 g); low content of available carbohydrates (6-6.6%) and total carbohydrates (3.4-4.8%); and high levels of dietary fiber (4.7-5.8%), vitamin C (22.8-27 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (25.1-29.6 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (0.5-2.6 mg/100 g). The fruits were found to contain valuable unsaturated fatty acids (35-60%), especially MUFAs with dominant oleic, elaidic, palmitic, and erucic acids and PUFAs (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and linoleic acids). MUFAs from the ω-9 group accounted for 12-18%, whereas the content of PUFAs from the ω-3 and ω-6 groups was in the range of 15-23 and 6-21%, respectively. Exogenous amino acids, accounting for 56-62%, were dominated by leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. The following order of the total polyphenolic content was established in the fresh fruit juice from the analyzed cultivars: 'Pokusa' < 'Polana' < 'Polka'. The different antioxidant capacity assays used in the study confirmed the high antioxidant potential of the fruits and fresh juice from the three R. idaeus cultivars. This indicates that raspberry fruits can serve as a source of nutrients and can be used as a valuable supplement in a healthy human diet and a raw material in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.

THE INFLUENCE OF GIVING LIME (Citrus Aurantifolia) WITH FE TABLETS TO INCREASE HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS AMONG THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF ANEMIA PREGNANT WOMEN

Background: Problems caused by anemia in pregnancy range from mild complaints to severe complications. To prevent anemia, every pregnant woman is expected to get iron tablets at least 90 tablets during pregnancy to increase hemoglobin. Lime contains high levels of vitamin C, vitamin C helps iron absorption by up to 30%. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of providing lime juice assistance along with Fe tablets to increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in the third trimester. Method: The study design was a pre-post control group design. The population in this study were all 36 pregnant women with anemia in the third trimester at the Soko Community Health Center, using random sampling technique. The sample size is 32 respondens divided into two group. The treatment group given Fe tablets and lime for 14 days, and statistical analysis using Wilcoxon test. Result: The results of the study using SPSS for windows with a significance level of α = 0.005 obtained a value of p = 0.04 which was proven to be 0.031 &lt;0.05, so H1 is accepted meaning there is an influence. Conclusion : There is an effect of providing lime juice accompaniment along with Fe tablets on increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anemia in the third trimester. For future researchers, this research can continue to be developed to create a product of economic value that can be utilized by the community

SAT260 Asymptomatic Vitamin A Toxicity Causing Hypercalcemia

Abstract Disclosure: N. Seshan: None. G. Goswami: None. Background: Vitamin A toxicity is an overlooked cause of hypercalcemia. Most cases of hypercalcemia are secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy. High levels of Vitamin A are thought to have a direct effect on the bone by stimulating osteoclast resorption or inhibiting osteoblastic formation, therefore increasing the fracture risk. Clinical Case: 56 year old female with history of alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by hepatic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury and now status post liver transplant five months prior that was admitted for asymptomatic hypercalcemia. Initially, hypercalcemia was thought to be secondary to cyclosporine, so medication was discontinued. Hypercalcemia resolved after hydration however she was again readmitted for hypercalcemia found on routine labs. She did not show any other signs of excess vitamin A. Lab work showed calcium 12.5 mg/dL (8.6 - 10.2mg/dL), albumin 4g/dL (3.4 - 4.8g/dL), normal 24 hour urine calcium excretion, eGFR 33mL/min, parathyroid hormone 16.9 pg/mL (8.7-77pg/mL), normal 1,25-OH and 25-OH vitamin D, PTHrP 25pmol/L, AM Cortisol 9mcg/dL, TSH 1.7 mIU/L (0.35 - 4.7mIU/L), serum protein electrophoresis unremarkable. Her vitamin A level was elevated to 113 ug/dL (30-75mcg/dL) and was diagnosed with hypercalcemia due to elevated vitamin A levels. Treatment involved hydration and discontinuation of her multivitamin containing vitamin A. Current limited literature suggests discontinuing vitamin A supplements will normalize vitamin A levels over time. Her vitamin A levels improved over several months. Incidentally, due to complaints of back aches from prior injury, imaging showed acute compression fracture deformities of two thoracic vertebrae. Bone density scan showed normal bone density. Bone turnover markers were elevated indicative of increased bone resorption. Clinical Lesson/Conclusion: Hypervitaminosis A is a rare etiology of hypercalcemia. Vitamin A toxicity may be due to excess ingestion of preformed vitamin A through supplements and animal sources. Though not well understood, the proposed mechanism of vitamin A actions on the bone involves stimulation of bone resorption through increase in osteoclastic activity and inhibition of bone formation through osteoblastic suppression, leading to high serum calcium and increasing the risk of fractures. We present a unique case in a patient who developed hypercalcemia secondary to hypervitaminosis A. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Classification of Fruits High in Vitamin C Using Self-Organizing Map and the K-Means Clustering Algorithm

Vitamin C-rich fruits not only taste fresh and delicious but also have the potential to increase the body's resistance to various diseases and maintain a proper nutritional balance. Information about fruits high in vitamin C is very important in order to increase public knowledge about which fruits contain high levels of vitamin C. However, to classify fruits high in vitamin C based on their image, a model is needed that is able to analyze the characteristics present in the image of the fruit. The purpose of this study is to build a classification model for high-vitamin C fruits with a combination of the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) artificial neural network algorithm and K-Means Clustering. Prior to classification, an image segmentation process is carried out using the K-Means Clustering algorithm, which will separate the image into parts that have similar visual characteristics. After the segmented image, the features of the object are extracted based on shape and texture. After the features of the image have been obtained, proceed with classifying images using the SOM algorithm by mapping multidimensional data into a lower-dimensional spatial representation to obtain the appropriate group or class. The accuracy test results for the built model produce an accuracy value of 93.33% and are included in the good category

Effects of a mixture hylocereus polyrhizus (Red Dragon Fruit) juice and moringa leaf powder towards hemoglobin level in adolescent girls

Nutritional anemia in adolescents has an impact on decreasing learning concentration and low learning achievement. Adolescent girls who are anemic are at risk of becoming anemic women of childbearing age, then becoming anemic mothers who can experience chronic energy deficiency during pregnancy later. Red dragon fruit and moringa leaves are known to have a high level of vitamin C, rich in iron, and other bioactive compound. However, the potency of the combination between Hylocereus polyrhizus juice and Moringa Leaf Powder towards Hemoglobin level in Adolescent girls is still remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of giving a mixture of hylocereus polyrhizus juice and Moringa leaf powder on hemoglobin levels in adolescent girls. A Quasy Experimental study was conducted in this study with two intervention groups and one control group. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 students especially adolescent girls from Senior High School 3 in Bengkulu City in May 2022. Statistical analysis using One Way Anova test and Bonferonni Post Hoc test. A mixture of Hylocereus polyrhizus juice and moringa leaf powder was significantly associated with increasing hemoglobin levels than group that was given hylocereus polyrhizus juice only with p value = 0,000 (p &lt;0,05).

研究小集会｢大豆｣開催の趣旨 大豆加工食品の美味しさに関する研究 大豆育種の現状と展望 枝豆

Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and are often called “meat of the field.” Green soybeans, which are immature soybeans, are also highly nutritious and contain high levels of carotene and vitamin C. In Japan, green soybeans used to be harvested and consumed from May to November; however, with the development of freezing and storage technologies, they are now available throughout the year. Globally, there has been an increase in the consumption of the green soybean food, edamame, which originated in Japan, along with tofu and soy sauce. Currently, there are more than 400 unique green soybean varieties in Japan; nonetheless, studies investigating the components that determine green soybean palatability at the genetic level are scarce. During the Soybean Research Session of the 69th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology in 2022, the results and future prospects of the present study were presented by Dr. Tomoki Hoshino from the Department of Food, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture at Yamagata University, who is currently developing new varieties of green soybean cultivars by analyzing the genes that determine consumer palatability.

Effects of Table Grape Cultivars on Fruit Quality and Aroma Components.

The basic physical and chemical qualities, nutrition, aroma components, and sensory evaluation of 17 varieties of table grapes were studied. The quality evaluation system of different table grape varieties was preliminarily determined. Our results show that the soluble solid content in Ruby Seedless was 21.17%, which was higher than that of other varieties. The black varieties Aishenmeigui and Sweet Sapphire had the highest total phenol content. Aishenmeigui had high levels of tannin and vitamin C. In addition, the aroma contents in Meixiangbao, Ruby Seedless, and Shine-Muscat were higher than those in other varieties. Manicure Finger and Ruby Seedless had higher levels of C6 compounds. Moreover, the "Kyoho" series of grape Meixiangbao, Sunmmer Black, Jumeigui, Hutai 8 hao, and Black Beet were high in ester content, while Muscat varieties, including Zaoheibao, Aishenmeigui, Jumeigui, and Shine-Muscat were rich in terpene substances. Ruby Seedless, Shine-Muscat, and Heibaladuo had higher comprehensive scores in sensory evaluation. Hence, the comprehensive quality of Shine-Muscat, Ruby Seedless, and Aishenmeigui was better. These results may serve as references for determining the quality differences between table grape varieties.

Leg health and growth performance of broiler chickens supplemented with grape seed extract

Background: Active bone remodeling processes can be altered by the presence of reactive oxygen species and, therefore, cause leg problems in broiler chickens. The antioxidant activity present in grape seed extract (GSE) could be a viable alternative to high inclusion levels of vitamin E (VE) as a nutritional strategy to improve the antioxidant capacity of birds and, thus, prevent leg abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate the effect of partial substitution of VE with grape GSE on leg health and performance of broiler chickens. Methods: Four hundred and twenty newly-hatched Ross 308 male broiler chickens were distributed into three treatments: 1) Control-AL, a diet containing 40 IU/kg of VE and fed ad libitum (CAL); 2) Control-FR, the CAL diet but offered through a feed restriction program (CFR); and 3) grape seed extract-AL, a diet containing 10 mg/kg of GSE + 10 IU/kg of VE fed ad libitum (GSE-AL). The trial was conducted for 47 days. Feed intake and body weight of the chickens were recorded weekly to evaluate performance. At day 43, gait score (GS), valgus/varus angulation (AngV), foot burn (FB), and hock burn (HB) lesions were evaluated. At day 47, tibia-breaking strength (TBS) and gastrocnemius tendon-breaking strength (GTBS) were evaluated. Results: Birds in the GSE-AL treatment showed reduced (p≤0.05) GS compared to the other treatments. No statistical differences (p&gt;0.05) were found in AngV, HB, FB, TBS, TGBS, and growth performance among treatments. Conclusions: These results suggest that GSE may partially replace VE in broiler diets without negative effects on growth performance or leg health. Further research is required to evaluate the potential of grape seed extract to replace VE or other ingredients with antioxidant activity under different rearing conditions and feeding programs.

EFFECT OF VITAMIN D3 ON HEMATOLOGIC INDICES AND RESISTANCE OF LAYING HENS

The content of vitamin D3 in standard fodder for laying hens varies within 2,5-3,500 IU / kg. It is known that vitamin D is involved in bone metabolism and regulates calcium homeostasis in the body. Experiment was carried out in three groups of laying hens of the crossbreed Hayesks brown, which for 30 days fed fodder, the content of vitamin D3 in which was respectively 2,5; 5,0 and 10,0 thousand IU / kg. An increase in the content of vitamin D3 from 2.5 to 10.0 thousand IU / kg increased the concentration of 25-OH D3 in blood plasma by half (from 15.10 to 27.25 ng / ml). The dose of 5.0 ths. IU / kg did not affect the concentration of 25-OH D3 (16.56 ng / ml). Increased vitamin D in the diet increased the number of red blood cell and, consequently, hemoglobin concentration in the blood (p &lt;0.05) and decreased the number of white blood cell (p &lt;0.05-0.01). In the blood of chickens that received high levels of vitamin D in the diet, more monocytes and neutrophils were detected. Particularly significant effects were observed for monocytes, the proportion of which in the blood of laying hens in group 2 increased by 1.2; and in laying hens of the third group - 1.6 times (p &lt;0.01), compared to the laying hens of the 1st group. With an increase in the amount of vitamin D3 in the diet of leucocytes, the proportion of lymphocytes decreased, the content of which in laying hens of 1-, 2- and 3rd groups was 58.95, respectively; 54.57 and 48.26%. Under the influence of feeding 10.0 thousand IU / kg of vitamin D3 in the blood of hens, the phagocytic activity increased (p &lt;0.05), which is consistent with the increase in the number of monocytes and neutrophils. The bactericidal activity of blood serum of laying hens of groups 2 and 3 (5.0 and 10.0 ths. IU / kg D3) was 20% higher (p &lt;0.05) than in laying hens of group 1 (2, 5 thousand IU / kg D3). Thus, an increase in the diet of laying hens in vitamin D3 increases the innate imunity and does not stimulate a specific link.