Vitamin and microelement status and somato­sexual development of adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Objective — to study peculiarities of the state of vitamin and microelement provision in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes with the physiological and pathological course of puberty.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 143 patients (75 boys and 68 girls) with type 1 diabetes aged 10 to 17 years. The level of retinol, tocopherol, 25(OH)D3 and Zn concentration were determined in blood serum.Results and discussion. The gender characteristics of vitamin and microelement imbalance in adolescents with type type 1 diabetes were determined, the nature of which depended on the course of puberty. Among boys with type 1 diabetes under the conditions of harmonious physical development (PD), an increase in the percentage of low levels of vitamin E was recorded more often than in girls (39.1 vs. 12.2 %, рφ < 0.02). In girls with a disharmonious type of PD with increased body weight and high height, there was an increase in the frequency of high levels of vitamin E (48.1 %) under conditions of a normal level of retinol (37.0 %). In boys with high height and body weight disorders, an increased level of Zn (64.3 %) and an increase in the frequency of pronounced vitamin D deficiency (47.6 %) were recorded more often. Only 9.5 % of patients had vitamin D levels that corresponded to the optimal level of provision. In girls with disharmonious PD, the level of 25(OH)D3 was higher than in boys and was (19.06 ± 1.51) and (13.10 ± 1.53) ng/ml, respectively; (рu < 0.002). Under the conditions of disharmonious PD boys had lower values of vitamin A (52.2 vs. 29.6 %, рφ < 0.05) and vitamin E (39.1 vs. 3.7 %, рφ < 0.05) compared to girls. In boys with the physiological course of sexual development (SD), in comparison with girls, a decrease in the level of zinc, retinol and tocopherol was more often registered. Under the conditions of SD disorders, a reduced level of vitamin A was more often registered in girls (66.7 vs. 35.7 %, рφ < 0.03) with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of its elevated values (8.3 vs. 37.5 %, рφ < 0.01) relative to patients with a physiological course of SD. At the same time, normal levels of vitamin E were recorded more often. Under conditions of sexual development delay in boys, the frequency of normal values of vitamin E was decreased compared to girls. Аt the same time, pronounced deficiency of vitamin D was more often registered in boys with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of its suboptimal level.
 Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, a relationship between indicators of vitamin and microelement status and somatic and sexual development in adolescents with type I diabetes was established. The tension of reserves of vitamins A, E, D and the imbalance of zinc concentration were found in boys with disharmonious physical development. Sexual development delay in boys was accompanied by a deterioration in the nature of providing the body with vitamins D and E.