Higher Pressure Values Research Articles

Sosialisasi Dan Rancangan Jaringan Pipa Air Bersih Di Desa Kampung Pinang Kecamatan Perhentian Raja Kabupaten Kampar

The need for clean water in Indonesia is still not distributed evenly. Clean water is not distributed evenly due to obstacles and problems. Based on observations in Kampung Pinang Village, Kampar Regency, there is already a clean water reservoir, but in the reservoir there is no clean water distribution system available to homes to meet community needs. To analyze the problems and efforts to complete this research, the researcher uses a literature study that is used to obtain clarity of concepts in research, namely by obtaining books, journals, and previous research, which contains the basics of theory and calculation formulas, and obtains data that support in completing this research, namely secondary data in the form of population data, village maps and other data obtained directly from parties related to this research. The planning of a clean water system network using EPANET 2.0 software in hamlet 1, Kampung Pianang village, Kampar Regency is carried out using the gravity method and using a pump where the water source comes from an existing reservoir. The projected population of Kampung Pinang until 2030 is 1385 people, so by analyzing water needs, it is found that the need for clean water in 2030 is 1.742 l/second. From the simulation results of the EPANET 2.0 software using the gravity method on the clean water network in the village of Kampung Pinang, the highest pressure value is 11.97 m at junction J4 and the lowest pressure is 3.80 m at junction J20. Meanwhile, all pressure values using a pump have met the requirements. The highest velocity (velocity) is 0.14 m/s on pipe P1 and pipe P2 and the lowest speed is 0.01 m/s on pipe P12. The highest energy loss (headloss) is 0.39 m/km in the P1 and P2 pipes and the lowest energy loss is 0.01 m/km in the P12 pipes.

Hydraulic Conditions in Foul Water Stacks

Foul water stacks are a separate chapter in the design of sanitary installations, especially in high-rise buildings. The problematic part is the complicated hydraulic conditions in the stacks, which lead to high values of negative pressure and overpressure. Exceeding the maximum negative pressure values leads to the extraction of water from the traps, which causes the spread of annoying smells in the interior. Another problematic part is the high hydraulic jumps caused by a sudden change in the velocity of water in the stack, especially above the change in the direction of stacks. Such sudden changes in velocity cause excessive vibrations and noise that spread from stacks to the building structures and surrounding areas. The contribution deals with the issue of hydraulic conditions in the flow of foul water in stacks, assessment of the maximum values of negative pressure and overpressure, technical solutions that ensure optimal water flow in the drainage systems of buildings. Based on measurements that were performed in companies abroad, the authors prepared graphs of pressure fluctuations in stacks for selected boundary conditions.

Classification of Edge Instabilities at Globus-M2 Tokamak

Among the peripheral instabilities observed at the Globus-M2 tokamak, two types of edge localized modes (ELMs) are brought into focus: ELMs synchronized and desynchronized with the sawtooth oscillations. The desynchronized ELMs appear in regimes that are characterized by high values of pressure in the pedestal, pped ≥ 3 kPa, and they are observed in discharges with the toroidal magnetic field BT > 0.6 T and plasma current IP > 0.3 MA. The desynchronized ELMs belong to the type-III/V with the dominating effect of the peeling mode. The synchronized ELMs were observed in a wider range of discharge parameters, including at BT < 0.6 T and IP < 0.3 MA. Calculations of the stability of the peeling-ballooning (PB) mode showed that at pedestal width ψnorm = 0.09 and pped > 3.5 kPa, destabilization of PB modes is possible without additional influence. Experimental data shows that the microtearing mode plays a dominant role in the pedestal. The microtearing mode does not allow the pedestal at Globus-M2 tokamak to reach the state of the unstable kinetic ballooning mode (KBM), which explains the low predictive power of the EPED model at this tokamak.

PD28-09 A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN IN VIVO INTRARENAL PRESSURE DURING URETEROSCOPY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD28-09 A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN IN VIVO INTRARENAL PRESSURE DURING URETEROSCOPY Stefanie Croghan, Sorcha O'Meara, Eoghan Cunnane, Connor Cunnane, Muheilan Muheilan, Mutaz Elamin, Kenneth Patterson, Steven Anderson, Jody Khan, James Forde, Rustom Manecksha, Fergal O'brien, Michael Walsh, and Niall Davis Stefanie CroghanStefanie Croghan More articles by this author , Sorcha O'MearaSorcha O'Meara More articles by this author , Eoghan CunnaneEoghan Cunnane More articles by this author , Connor CunnaneConnor Cunnane More articles by this author , Muheilan MuheilanMuheilan Muheilan More articles by this author , Mutaz ElaminMutaz Elamin More articles by this author , Kenneth PattersonKenneth Patterson More articles by this author , Steven AndersonSteven Anderson More articles by this author , Jody KhanJody Khan More articles by this author , James FordeJames Forde More articles by this author , Rustom ManeckshaRustom Manecksha More articles by this author , Fergal O'brienFergal O'brien More articles by this author , Michael WalshMichael Walsh More articles by this author , and Niall DavisNiall Davis More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003313.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Elevated intrarenal pressure is a proposed risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in endourology. However, minimal human data exists on baseline or ureteroscopic pressures within the upper urinary tract. We aimed to quantify in vivo intrarenal pressure in a consecutive patient sample undergoing ureteroscopy and assess for correlation between pressure dynamics and clinical outcome. METHODS: A prospective, multi-institutional study was designed with ethical approval. One hundred consenting adult patients undergoing elective ureteroscopy were included. The Comet™ II Pressure Guidewire (Boston Scientific), was placed retrograde within the renal pelvis under fluoroscopy prior to ureteroscopy. Semi-rigid and/or flexible ureteroscopy/renoscopy was performed according to surgeon’s standard practice. The AVVIGOTM (Boston Scientific) System provided live intrarenal pressure recordings, to which the operating surgeon was blinded. Baseline and ureteroscopic intrarenal pressures were recorded. Thirty-day follow up of clinical outcomes was completed and statistical analysis performed. RESULTS: Analysis of 309 unique pressure traces from 100 consecutive patients (56 male; 44 female) was performed. Mean patient age was 57.21±13.73 years. Ureteroscopy was performed for urolithiasis in 94% (n=94) and for other diagnostic indications in 6% (n=6); 26% (n=26) were pre-stented. The mean resting baseline intrarenal pressure (IRP) was 17.47±10.66 mmHg. Semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) was performed with a 6.5-7.5Fr ureteroscope in 30% (n=30), with mean IRP 39.55±17.66 mmHg. Flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) with a 9.1-10Fr instrument was performed in 93% (n=93). FURS without a ureteral access sheath (UAS) resulted in mean IRP 38.12±16.33 mmHg. FURS using an 11/13Fr UAS resulted in IRPs (mean±SD) of 30.1±20.48mmHg (gravity irrigation); 43.04±24.87mmHg (pressurised irrigation at 100mmHg); 46.53±25.05mmHg (pressurised irrigation at 150mmHg) and 79.74±61.66 (pressurised irrigation at 200mmHg). Readmission with pyrexia occurred in 4% (n=4); mean procedural IRP in this cohort was significantly higher than controls at 120.25±67.88mmHg versus 41.3±26.4mmHg(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both baseline intra-renal pressures and ureteroscopic pressures exhibit variability. Intraoperative IRP is related to technical variables. High intrarenal pressure values are positively correlated with postoperative pyrexia, however the complication pressure threshold appears to be higher than previously thought. Source of Funding: Boston Scientific (Investigator Sponsored Research product grant). © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e822 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Stefanie Croghan More articles by this author Sorcha O'Meara More articles by this author Eoghan Cunnane More articles by this author Connor Cunnane More articles by this author Muheilan Muheilan More articles by this author Mutaz Elamin More articles by this author Kenneth Patterson More articles by this author Steven Anderson More articles by this author Jody Khan More articles by this author James Forde More articles by this author Rustom Manecksha More articles by this author Fergal O'brien More articles by this author Michael Walsh More articles by this author Niall Davis More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Study of Sub Tropical Jet Stream in Summer Season

The jet stream has wide importance in analyzing synoptic maps because it correlates with other meteorological factors, so the study attempted to study the sub-tropical jet stream (SJS) and shows the variation ranges of atmospheric variables on its path depending on highly accurate meteorological maps obtained from (University of Wyoming), and the study tried to show the correlation with surface temperature in Baghdad city depending on data given from automatic weather station that located above Mustansiriyah university building in Baghdad. The study area covers the middle east region focusing on the subtropical jet stream and showing its correlation with the pressure system type over Iraq inside the (300) hPa level. The result showed that the highest surface temperature in Baghdad was recorded after the starting of the subtropical jet stream in its region, and the highest pressure values in (300) hPa were over Iraq while the jet stream is passing its path. The study also showed that the sub-tropical jet stream corresponded with a higher value of temperature inside its path.

Integrated Smart Management in WDN: Methodology and Application

Urbanization and population growth have been responsible for a significant increase in consumption of water and energy at a global scale. A careful management of water resource and infrastructures is crucial for Energy Transition, as well as for achieving a sustainable efficiency of these systems. High pressure values along with the ageing of the systems contribute to high leakage levels of Water Distribution Networks (WDN). The simultaneous control of excess pressure and containment of water losses are mainly performed by using Pressure Reducing Valves (PRVs) in WDN, which dissipate the surplus of hydraulic energy. Instead of being dissipated, energy can be recovered by the transformation of the excess pressure into electrical energy with the use of Pump as Turbines (PAT), which results in an increased reliability, reduction of cost and an overall improvement in the efficiency of WDN. The work aims on presenting an integrated efficiency management methodology in terms of Effectiveness (E), capability (ηpi), reliability (μpi) and sustainability (χpi) with values between 47 to 98%, also associated with the pressure and leakage management, and energy recovery. This research presents a modelling of a real WDN of a District Metering Areas (DMA) of Beloura endowed with seasonal consumption variability to better show its applicability. Additionally, an economic analysis to assess the solution’s feasibility is presented concluding an annual energy recovered of 9.8 MWh and a saving of about 30% of water leakage, which correspond, in the analyzed case study, to about 3523 m3. The payback period found is around 9 or 12 years, for only one PAT or two different PATs installed, due to the small available energy of the analyzed case study. Acknowledging the synergy between water and energy efficiency and taking advantage of these integrated smart management methodology exemplification, it resulted in more efficient systems to achieve both effectiveness solutions, digital and energy transition in the water sector.

Zmiany wilgotności powietrza w Łodzi w latach 1966–2020 w świetle wybranych wskaźników

The aim of the study is to present changes in air humidity in central Poland in the years 1966–2000 in Łódź as an example. The values of air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure from four observation terms, 00, 06, 12 and 18 UTC, were used. On this basis, the saturated vapour pressure, the current vapour pressure, and the saturation deficit were calculated. Then, the variability of these three indicators and relative humidity was examined. The variability of monthly and seasonal average values of humidity indices in four observation periods was presented, the trends in seasonal variability of humidity indices were calculated and the distribution functions of their distributions were compared in the midday period in three 15-year periods: 1966–1980, 1986–2000 and 2006–2020. It has been shown that the pressure of saturated water vapour is the highest in summer, the lowest in winter, and slightly higher in spring than in autumn at all times, except for the night. It increased significantly in the studied period as a result of the increase in air temperature. A comparison of the distributions in three 15-year periods shows a significant increase in the probability of occurrence of high values of saturation vapour pressure, even above 30hPa. The water vapour pressure in the air is highest in summer and lowest in winter, but in spring it is lower than in autumn. All trend coefficients are positive, but only less than half are statistically significant. A comparison of the distributions over three 15-year periods show a slight increase in the probability of higher values of the actual vapour pressure. The saturation deficit, as the difference between the previous two indicators, increases significantly. Its value in spring is significantly higher than in autumn. The trend is positive, especially in spring and summer, and the comparison of distributions shows that in the last 15 years the probability of high values of saturation deficit increased significantly. The course of relative humidity is the opposite of saturation deficit. In autumn, the relative humidity is definitely higher than in spring. The trend is down. To sum up, warming brings an increase in the capacity of the atmosphere for water vapour, a slight increase in the amount of water vapour in the air, but also a significant increase in saturation deficit and a decrease in relative humidity, which is particularly strong in spring in the first half of the growing season.

Efficient CO2/CH4 separation using [Bmim][Ac]/Pebax-1657 supported ionic liquid membranes and its prediction by density functional theory

The world's daily increase in population has become ravenous for natural resources for energy and potentially helps to become the main reason for causing global climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the critical elements of the greenhouse gas effect, as we all know. Last few decades, researchers have been much interested in CO2 capture and storage technologies. From such technologies, membrane separation has some good results in CO2 capture compared to others. In this investigation, ionic Liquid (IL) supported membranes were used to separate CO2 and methane (CH4) gas mixtures. The Pebax-1657 with 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate concentrations 5%, 10%, 20% (wt.%, based on polymer) were prepared for gas separation study. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were also used to estimate CO2 and CH4 interactions with the IL. These membranes are examined for analytical and morphological research using various characterization methods such as FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. As expected, the gas separation results show that mixed gas selectivity (CO2/CH4) increases at high-pressure values due to the addition of IL. Membrane with 20 wt.% concentration (based on polymer) IL shows higher permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity.

Crystallization in a soda–lime‐silicate glass after high pressure

AbstractThis work explored the permanent changes a high pressure (HP) processing could cause on nucleation, Raman vibrational modes, thermal, and mechanical properties of the Na2O • 2CaO • 3SiO2(N1C2S3) glass. It was shown that, with higher pressure values, the number of nuclei per unit of volume,NV, has decreased. Raman spectra showed no significant changes in the vibrational modes; however, the differential thermal analysis performed indicated that the glass transition temperatures,Tg, were higher than the pristine glass sample and that HP caused the glass to be less stable. The Vickers indentation radial cracks remained constant; however, the lateral cracks increased in size, indicating that the glass is more stressed after HP, and therefore, the relaxation time for nucleation will be higher, loweringNVfurther, as observed.

Insights into the CO2 Capture Capacity of Covalent Organic Frameworks.

An inexpensive computational method is designed to demonstrate the efficacy of the complex COF toward CO2 capture. The interaction energy calculations of small repeating units of COF precisely demonstrate CO2 uptake capacity at high pressure and effective dual descriptors values of these repeating units of COFs accurately establish their structure-property relationships under ambient conditions. The computational findings are in consonance with experimental results reported by Yaghi and coworkers. Further, the computationally modelled COFs confirms that the addition of -NH2 increases the effective dual descriptors values of COFs. Whereas an increase in the size of a central aromatic unit of COF6 shows better interactions. Interaction energy and effective dual descriptor calculations demonstrate the CO2 capture abilities of COFs at high pressure and low pressure respectively. The method developed by our group would be useful in high throughput designing and screening of a large number of complex COFs at different pressure.

Research on safety early warning of abnormal A-annular pressure of “three-high” gas wells based on data mining

A major safety accident will be triggered when the A-annular pressure value of high pressure, high productivity and high sulfur gas well exceeded the maximum allowable value. The A-annular pressure value of high pressure high productivity and high sulfur gas well once exceeded the allowable value will trigger a major safety accident. Therefore, this paper proposed a data mining based the gas well early warning strategy by analyzing the annular pressure mechanism and the change in the pattern of instantaneous gas volume, well temperature, and annular pressure in various conditions. To summarize, the law of gas well abnormal A-annular pressure is aimed at constructing a gas well safety warning rule for gas well stable production stage and shutdown period where the initial parameters setting in the early warning rule and adjustment optimization mechanism is also determined. Lastly, with the use of historical abnormal samples, the gas well early warning strategy bought up in this paper was verified. The example shown that compared with the traditional DCS system warning strategy, the gas well safety early warning strategy can identify the abnormal A-annular pressure phenomenon 82 h in advance thus achieving production safety management.

STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HALOPHYTIC SPECIES CRAMBE MARITIMA L. AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS INTRODUCTION INTO CULTURE IN THE SOUTHERN AREA OF ROMANIA’S OLTENIA REGION

Crambe maritima L. is a perennial plant from the Brasicaceae family that grows spontaneously in Romania on the beaches of the Black Sea. Its tolerance to salt also makes it tolerant to soil drought. Therefore, it was considered that the sandy and dry soil in the southern part of the Oltenia region could be favorable for the cultivation of this plant, known in the world for its food value. Studies show that the plant develops high values ​​of osmotic pressure and suction force on dry and salty soil and thus manages to absorb optimal amounts of water. Wax impregnation of the leaves reduces water losses and is thus another adaptive advantage. In conditions of moderate salinity or drought, the photosynthesis values ​​are maintained at fairly high values ​​and the net assimilation intensity also has values ​​that ensure a moderate productivity.

Evaluation of functional parameters of the foot and ankle in elderly with sarcopenia.

With population aging, the prevalence of sarcopenia has increased. It is a pathology often neglected, with the potential to cause great damage if not diagnosed and treated. The objective of this study was to identify sarcopenic elderly people through the SARC-F score and palm grip test and to evaluate foot and ankle functionality parameters: gait speed, plantar sensitivity, and baropodometry. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 20 sarcopenic elderly diagnosed through the SARC-F score and the handgrip strength test, from which demographic data were obtained, and the three functional tests related to the foot and ankle were performed. No individual was aware of the term sarcopenia. Regarding gait speed, 20 (100%) presented values compatible with sarcopenia (average of 0.52 m/s). Regarding plantar sensitivity, five (25%) of the patients showed changes in the exam with the detection of insensitivity. Regarding baropodometry, higher pressure values were observed in the right foot (average of 52.9±7.01%) compared to the left (average of 47.10±7.01%) and in the hindfoot (average of 55.85±16.21%) compared to the forefoot (mean 44.15±15.35%). When correlating the analyzed variables with the SARC-F scores, the only association that showed statistical significance (p<0.05) was the dynamometry on the right. The SARC-F score and the handgrip strength test are easy to apply in the screening of sarcopenia, and the functional parameters of the foot and ankle were shown to be altered in the studied group.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO EVALUATE EFFECT OF SOURCE TEMPERATURE ON COP AND COMPRESSOR STATUS IN WATER-TO-AIR HEAT PUMPS

Heat pump devices have been researched and analyzed from different aspects, which indicates the importance of these devices. In fact, these devices transfer heat energy effectively from one source to another by consuming power. In this work, the importance of source temperature and its effect on system performance and compressor status has been investigated. It is shown that if the temperature of the heat source is low, the refrigerant at the inlet of the compressor will be in the two-phase region, which could cause damage to the compressor. In these cases, the evaporator design can be changed as available solutions or a high-temperature heat source can be provided in the present study. On the other hand, in the two-phase region, calculating the work of the compressor with enthalpy values will be a problem and may cause a computational error in the power consumption of the compressor. The reason for this is that the enthalpy of refrigerant in the compressor cannot be obtained with two properties, i.e., temperature and pressure. This issue has been considered and the rate of computational error has been obtained. R134a refrigerant was used as circulating gas in the used water-to-air heat pump. The results obtained in the experiments performed showed that the COP value of the heat pump increased by 172&amp;#37; when the source temperature increased from 6&amp;#176;C to 34&amp;#176;C. As the source temperature increases, more energy is transferred to the system. This issue raises both high-pressure and low-pressure values. This increase was recorded as 34&amp;#37; for high pressure and 17&amp;#37; for low pressure when the source temperature increased from 6&amp;#176;C to 34&amp;#176;C.

Experimental Compaction of a High-Silica Sand in Quasi-Static Conditions

In the compaction process, an uneven densification of the powder through the entire height of the die is a major problem which determines the strength properties of the final product, which vary throughout the entire volume. The aim of this investigation was to determine the distribution of the forming pressure inside the die and to visualise the differences in compaction. To determine the pressure inside the die during the compaction process, the deformation on the die surface was measured by means of strain gauges. However, in order to visualise the densification of high-silica sand during the compaction process, an X-ray tomograph was used, which permits one to visualise the interior of the die. The authors developed an analytical model of how the change in internal pressure influences the change in stresses arising on the outer surface of the die, and, as a result, the friction force. It has been observed that the highest values of pressure as well as the highest concentrations of the loose medium are found closest to the punch and decrease with distance from the punch. Moreover, based on the measurements of deformation, a dependence of the pressure distribution on the value of friction forces was observed, which prompted further analysis of this phenomenon. As a result, tests to determine the coefficient of friction between the die and the loose medium were carried out. This made it possible to describe the pressure distribution inside the die, based on the pressure applied and the height of the die.

Study on the influence of meteorological factors on influenza in different regions and predictions based on an LSTM algorithm

BackgroundInfluenza epidemics pose a threat to human health. It has been reported that meteorological factors (MFs) are associated with influenza. This study aimed to explore the similarities and differences between the influences of more comprehensive MFs on influenza in cities with different economic, geographical and climatic characteristics in Fujian Province. Then, the information was used to predict the daily number of cases of influenza in various cities based on MFs to provide bases for early warning systems and outbreak prevention.MethodDistributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) were used to analyse the influence of MFs on influenza in different regions of Fujian Province from 2010 to 2021. Long short-term memory (LSTM) was used to train and model daily cases of influenza in 2010–2018, 2010–2019, and 2010–2020 based on meteorological daily values. Daily cases of influenza in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were predicted. The root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) were used to quantify the accuracy of model predictions.ResultsThe cumulative effect of low and high values of air pressure (PRS), air temperature (TEM), air temperature difference (TEMD) and sunshine duration (SSD) on the risk of influenza was obvious. Low (< 979 hPa), medium (983 to 987 hPa) and high (> 112 hPa) PRS were associated with a higher risk of influenza in women, children aged 0 to 12 years, and rural populations. Low (< 9 °C) and high (> 23 °C) TEM were risk factors for influenza in four cities. Wind speed (WIN) had a more significant effect on the risk of influenza in the ≥ 60-year-old group. Low (< 40%) and high (> 80%) relative humidity (RHU) in Fuzhou and Xiamen had a significant effect on influenza. When PRS was between 1005–1015 hPa, RHU > 60%, PRE was low, TEM was between 10–20 °C, and WIN was low, the interaction between different MFs and influenza was most obvious. The RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and SMAPE evaluation indices of the predictions in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were low, and the prediction accuracy was high.ConclusionAll eight MFs studied had an impact on influenza in four cities, but there were similarities and differences. The LSTM model, combined with these eight MFs, was highly accurate in predicting the daily cases of influenza. These MFs and prediction models could be incorporated into the influenza early warning and prediction system of each city and used as a reference to formulate prevention strategies for relevant departments.

A dynamic approach of frictional heating and thermal pressurization in landslides

Frictional heating and thermal pressurization mechanisms have been demonstrated by many researchers as vital lubrication mechanisms in landslides. However, in the previous model, plastic deformation is ignored while velocity profiles are assumed in the shear zone, which could lead to infinite growth of temperature when the landslide body keeps traveling on the sliding surface. This research aims to reveal the importance of plastic deformation in the thermo-poro-mechanical model and better understand the thermal effects in landslides. To achieve this aim, we established the plastic deformation process according to the assumed velocity profile. We proposed a dynamic thermo-poro-mechanical model by considering plastic deformation. A simplified numerical simulation and a sensitivity analysis were performed through the proposed dynamic model. Simulated results showed different and unique evolutions of temperature and excess pore pressure. While high values of temperature and excess pore pressure are still found at the top of the shear zone, thermal effects decrease dramatically at the bottom of the shear zone. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis indicates a much larger temperature and excess pore pressure at the rear of the landslide.

The Pressure Resistance of Odor Traps for Sanitary Appliances and their Impact on the Hygiene of an Indoor Environment

Abstract The biggest problem with sanitary technology in high-rise buildings is the design of foul water stacks in which high negative pressure and overpressure values must not occur. When pressure exceeds maximum values, water from the trap is ejected, sucked out, or left bubbling in the trap. Measurements by other researchers have shown that when traps lose their function, in addition to the spreading of unpleasant odors, there is also the spreading of various viruses from the sewer and drainage systems. The paper deals with the mathematical analysis and simulation of the pressure resistance of different traps under various boundary conditions, considering the quality of the internal environment. The effect of water evaporation on pressure resistance was also simulated and assessed. The results of the work are clear tables of pressure resistances with a description of their effect on the water level in the trap.

Supercritical CO2 extraction of spices: A systematic study with focus on terpenes and piperamides from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)

Black pepper (P. nigrum L.) is considered one of the most valuable spices and a promising candidate in natural product research. In this study, the influence of different combinations of pressures (100–300 bar) and temperatures (40–60 °C) on the supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) recovery of several key compounds from black pepper was evaluated systematically. The extraction curves showed that terpenes were recovered in a short time under all studied conditions. In contrast, higher pressure values were required to extract piperamides efficiently. Furthermore, the differences in the extraction kinetics of piperine, piperettine, pellitorine, guineensine, and N-isobutyl-2,4,14-eicosatrienamide were linked with several structural features, such as the nature of the amine group or the terminal part of the fatty acid. The data from the isocratic experiments represented the starting point for designing a two-step pressure gradient SC-CO2 process in which one terpene-rich and one piperamide-rich product were successively obtained.

Knowledge on Hypertension and its Therapy in Lay People

Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases that is becoming a global problem. Hypertension is characterized by systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and diastolic 90 mmHg (according to JNC VIII). Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to complications such as stroke, ischemic heart disease, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, blindness, etc.&#x0D; According to Basic Health Research (Riskesdas 2018) the prevalence of hypertension for &gt;18 years is 8.4%, and through measurements taken in health care facilities by 34.1%. Prevalence in the city was 34.4%, in the village was 33.7%, while according to gender 31.3% (male) and 36.9% (female).&#x0D; The purpose of the study was to find out the knowledge and awareness of laypeople on hypertension and its therapy. This was a cross-sectional online study with 11 questions. Respondents were recruited from social media groups. Results: five hundred respondents (62.8 % female, 37.2 % male). The most age range at the age 21-40 years (36.2 %), 41-55 years (38.2%) and 56-65 years old (18.4%). Seventy-two percent of respondents did not have hypertension, and 9% said they did not know. Fifty-three percent of respondents know about the value of high blood pressure, and 89% respondents said hypertension should be treated regularly. The most hypertension complications answered by respondents were stroke (40%), heart attack (26%) and heart failure (16%). Amlodipine was the most mentioned by respondents, the second was ACE-inhibitor. However, omeprazole and omega-3 also mentioned as anti-hypertension. Genetic and a diet high in salt were risk factors that many respondents chose. Conclusion: Respondents have a good understanding on hypertension. Information related to behaviour is needed, so that prevalence does not continue to increase.