High-pressure Pump Research Articles

Experimental study on the diffusion characteristics of nonaqueous reactive expansive polymers in sand and gravel media under dynamic water conditions

Grouting is an effective method to solve water inrush from sand and gravel. However, due to the self-expandability of nonaqueous reactive expandable polymers, the diffusion behaviour of polymers in injected media becomes more complex, which brings great uncertainty to the selection of grouting parameters in grouting practice. For this reason, a series of diffusion experiments of nonaqueous reactive expansive polymers in sand and gravel media under dynamic water conditions were carried out using a homemade experimental device. The effects of grouting parameters such as dynamic pump pressure, mass fractal dimension, and grouting volume on the effective diffusion length and water plugging rate of the slurry were revealed. The results show that (1) the diffusion behaviour of nonaqueous reactive expansive polymers in sand and gravel media can be summarized as edge dispersion, downstream diffusion, and expansion diffusion. (2) The diffusion consolidated bodies of nonaqueous reactive expansive polymers mostly exhibit a hemispherical or columnar shape with a wide top and a narrow bottom. (3) The greater the pressure of the moving water pump is, the smaller the effective diffusion length of the slurry. Under the same grouting volume, with increasing mass fractal dimension, the effective diffusion length of the slurry first increases and then decreases. (4) Under the conditions of high dynamic water pump pressure and low mass fractal dimension, increasing the grouting volume has a better water plugging effect.

Improving the operation of small reverse osmosis plant using Pelton turbine and supplying emergency electric loads

ABSTRACT This study focuses on improving the operation of reverse osmosis (RO) with Pelton turbine in different circumstances. In the integrated RO system, the Pelton Turbine is used instead of a PX due to its significantly lower cost. The RO system is studied at different pressures ranging from 6.5 to 8.5 bar. Additionally, the influence of feed water TDS and temperature on the RO permeate and retentate was also studied. The experimental results showed that increasing the RO pressure led to an increase in the permeate flow rate. The permeate was heightened by approximately 72% once the pressure was increased from 6.5 to 8.5 bar. However, it was observed that increasing the pressure by 30% resulted in a significant decline in turbine power, which decreased by approximately 71.8%. Furthermore, the study found that raising the salinity led to an increase in RO permeate TDS, while increasing the feed water temperature resulted in a decline in productivity TDS. To control the high-pressure pump and supply emergency loads, an Arduino program circuit was used, providing a convenient and flexible way to manage the system. The theoretical modeling developed in the study was found to be in better agreement with the real findings, with a deviance of 3.51%. This indicates the accuracy and reliability of the model in predicting the operation of the integrated RO unit. Finally, the cost of the produced water was 0.26 $/m3.

Thermodynamic performance assessment of a community-scale brackish water reverse osmosis plant using exergy analysis

Abstract This study investigated the thermodynamic performance of a community-scale membrane-based brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plant at various operating pressures from 13.79 to 27.58 bar and feed salinity levels from 2,000 to 20,000 mg/L. We aimed to identify the components responsible for the exergy losses and to suggest improvements. The results showed that the exergetic efficiency of some individual components had a significant impact on the performance of the desalination plant, where the high-pressure (HP) pump assembly and pressure control valve were identified as the major contributors to exergy losses (57.83–70.59 and 15.75–27.62%, respectively). The inefficiency of the feed pump assembly contributed to 11–12% of the total destruction of exergy under different operating conditions. The analysis further revealed that the exergetic efficiency of the plant was maximum (0.51%) at the feed salinity of 10,000 mg/L and operating pressure of 27.58 bar. It was minimum (0.01%) for the highest salinity (20,000 mg/L) and the lowest operating pressure (13.79 bar), due to the low requirement of work of separation and higher fixed losses. The exergetic efficiency was also correlated to the energetic performance of the BWRO plant at different operating conditions.

Localization of cyclostationary acoustic sources via cyclostationary beamforming and its high spatial resolution implementation

The localization of cyclostationary sound sources is important for rotating machinery noise source identification and fault diagnosis. Cyclostationary sound sources are a special class of nonstationary sound sources, which exhibit periodic changes in statistics. Most of the conventional sound source identification methods are based on the stationary sound source assumption, which do not consider the cyclostationarity of the radiated sound field by rotating machinery. Thus, they are hard to localize the acoustic sources with different cyclic frequencies. In this paper, a novel technique of localizing the cyclostationary acoustic sources with different cyclic frequencies is proposed. First, the cyclostationary conventional beamforming (CSCBF) method is deviated. In CSCBF, the cyclic-cross-spectral matrix (CCSM) is defined considering all the cross cyclic spectral correlation (CSC) between different microphones in the array. The left steering vector and right steering vector are constructed to focus the CCSM on each scanning grid point at a given combination of cyclic frequency and spectral frequency. Then, the high resolution cyclostationary beamforming (HR-CSBF) is further developed to improve the spatial resolution of CSCBF. In HR-CSBF, two linear equations according to the property of CSC is established as the acoustic inverse problems. With the sparse distribution of the cyclostationary sources in the space as the prior knowledge, the iterated Bayesian focusing (IBF) is utilized to obtain a robust and sparse solution in HR-CSBF. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to validate the proposed methods. To explore the potential applications of the proposed methods, the localization of high pressure pump (HPP) and rolling bearing with outer-race failure are also used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. It turns out that both CSCBF and HR-CSBF can localize the cyclostationary sources with different cyclic frequencies. Compared with CSCBF, HR-CSBF can achieve a higher spatial resolution in the obtained acoustic map.

Study of the Optimization of Rail Pressure Characteristics in the High-Pressure Common Rail Injection System for Diesel Engines Based on the Response Surface Methodology

This paper establishes a mathematical model of the high-pressure common rail injection system used in diesel engines according to the parameters of its key components, and AMESim 2020 software was used to establish a simulation model of the common rail injection system used in diesel engines. The simulation model mainly includes a high-pressure oil pump model, a common rail pipe model, and a model of four injectors. This paper also describes an experimental analysis of the accuracy of the established simulation model. Through a simulation analysis of the system rail’s pressure fluctuation and pressure characteristics, it was concluded that the length of the common rail pipe, the diameter of the common rail pipe, and the inner diameter of the high-pressure fuel pipes are important influencing parameters for the rail pressure characteristics of the system. In this study, according to the original common rail pipe and high-pressure fuel pipe model, a response surface methodology was used to optimize and analyze the parameters of the common rail pipe and high-pressure fuel pipes, and the optimal size parameters for the common rail pipe and high-pressure fuel pipes were obtained with the minimum rail pressure fluctuations and the average rail pressure setpoint. After the optimization, the pressure for the common rail pipe of the high-pressure common rail system was increased by 0.82%, the pressure fluctuation was reduced by 21.66%, the injection pressure was increased by 1.15%, the single injection volume was increased by 0.86%, and its fuel injection characteristics were significantly improved.

Simulation Research on Residual Stress of Swage Autofrettage-processed High-Pressure Cylinder

The vital component of the high-pressure pump is the high-pressure cylinder, which undergoes pulsating cyclic loads during operation. This exposure can lead to fatigue cracking and limit the pump’s overall performance. To address this issue, a swage autofrettage treatment method for the high-pressure cylinder is proposed based on the principles of autofrettage technology. The structure parameters of the mandrel are designed to optimize its role in the treatment process. Subsequently, a swage autofrettage simulation model is established, considering the Bauschinger effect to analyze the distribution of residual stress about the mandrel interference percentage. The results demonstrate that the swage autofrettage treatment improves the stress distribution in the high-pressure cylinder, causing the inner wall surface to undergo a circumferential residual compressive stress. Within a specific range, the Bauschinger effect becomes more significant as the mandrel interference percentage increases. This study provides insights for enhancing the durability and performance of high-pressure cylinders while adhering to mechanical engineering standards.

Arduino uno-based electronic control unit module remapping to achieve optimal engine rotation speed on spark ignition 2-stroke direct injection engine

Direct injection technology in 2-stroke motorcycle engines can be a hope for overcoming exhaust emissions and optimizing ignition 2-stroke engine performance because direct injection engines use high-pressure pumps based on injection time and duration. On the TPS (throttle position sensor) to produce the optimal fuel mixture. This research will focus on Remapping the Arduino Uno-Based Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Module to Analyze Optimal Engine Rotation Speed in Spark Ignition 2-Stroke Direct Injection Machines. Experimental method using a Spark Ignition 2-Stroke Direct Injection engine with a capacity of 110cc. Variation of injection time angle 5°, 10°, and 15° Before BDC, 0° BDC, and 5°, 10°, and 15° after BDC, variations in injection duration based on TPS opening 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, as well as the fuel injected duration of 3ms, 3.25ms, 3.5ms, 3.75ms and, 4.25ms. Arduino module as a control system for timing and duration of fuel injection. Then tested alternately to get the optimal engine speed using a tachometer. Optimal results are obtained on the injection time curve 15 before BDC produces optimal engine speed with a value of 5480 rpm with a duration of 3.75 ms based on TPS openings of 61-80%.

Methods of circumbly increasing the lifetime of friction assembly of agricultural machinery during its maintenance

Methods of dicrease wear and increase the service life by ultrasonic crystals friction of agricultural machinery during its maintenance introduction to oil serpentine, nano-tribological composition of the second world war, as well as electric charges through the dipstick engines. Given also a method of increasing the efficiency of automotive engines using activators of motor fuels Tambov GTU entered into that pivnoy system of the engine before the fuel high-pressure pump

Multi-objective optimization and parametric study of a hybrid waste gasification system integrated with reverse osmosis desalination

The increasing population has created two fundamental issues on the islands (in this case, Kish Island): an expansion in waste production and handling and a rise in the need for freshwater for daily consumption. Waste gasification can be used to reduce waste and generate energy. Sea salt water can be converted into drinkable freshwater using energy. This article describes a computational code using a combination of EES (Engineering Equation Solver) and MATLAB software for a hybrid cycle that includes waste gasification and reverse osmosis to generate freshwater and power. Kish Island waste data was carefully collected onsite. An exergy evaluation has been conducted to verify the cycle's irreversibility. Lastly, optimization has been performed to identify the best operation mode. In terms of irreversibility, a gasifier is far more irreversible than any other type of plant equipment. Based on the parametric analysis, salt water and waste flow significantly impact freshwater production. Approximately 20,000 m3/day are consumed on Kish Island each day, so if the entire production power of the steam turbine is used in the reverse osmosis high-pressure pump, 2860 m3/day can be obtained each day (14% of the required amount).

Analysis of lubricating characteristics of high-pressure radial piston pump with thermo-elastohydrodynamic coupling

The behavior of piston-cylinder interfaces takes important influences on lubricating characteristics of the high-pressure piston pump. For the sake of revealing the lubricating characteristics of radial piston pumps, a transient thermo-elastohydrodynamic lubrication model to analyze the interface between piston and cylinder is established with considering the effects of the bushing elastic deformation, viscosity-temperature-pressure, heat conduction and piston tilting, on the basis of coupling the finite element method and finite difference method. Furthermore, the influences of design parameters (camshaft speed, inlet pressure and average clearance) on the load carrying capacity, leakage, viscous friction, and temperature rise of the friction-pair interfaces are analyzed. The results indicate that the average clearance has the most significant influence on the lubrication performance. Increasing the average clearance from 2 to 6 μm resulted in a substantial decrease in load carrying capacity by approximately 50% and friction force by approximately 65%. The temperature rise showed a significant reduction of 55%, while the leakage increased by approximately 3-fold.

High Pressure Pumps: The Heart of RO Desalination

Optimal high pressure pump configuration is crucial for energy-efficient RO desalination plants.

Performance and control of a reverse osmosis unit integrated with Pelton Wheel to supply emergency electric loads under various operating conditions

Nowadays, the whole world is moving very quickly into the field of seawater desalination. This is because the world suffers from a lack of potable water. Water and energy are adjoining linked fields. The present work aims at investigating the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) plant integrated with Pelton Wheel under various operating conditions. The main reason for using Pelton turbine instead of the pressure exchanger (PX) is the low cost of Pelton compared to that of PX. The RO system integrated with the Pelton Wheel was tested under various operating pressures of 650, 700, 750, 800, and 850 kPa. Changing the feed water pressure affects the pressure of the reject entering the Pelton wheel and this, in turn, affects the velocity of the water jet. Also, the impact of varying the feed water salinity (total dissolved solids (TDS) = 400, 500, 600, 700, and 850 ppm) and temperature (20–39 °C) on the permeate and reject of RO was tested. In addition, a theoretical modeling was built to predict the performance of the RO system. The permeate flow rate was increased by raising the RO operating pressures. The permeate flow rate was augmented from 2.5 to 4.3 L min−1 when increasing the operating pressure from 650 to 850 kPa, respectively. Therefore, the permeate flow rate is enhanced by around 72% when increasing the operating pressure by only 30%. Besides, increasing the pressure by 30% (from 650 to 860 kPa) decreased the generated power of the Pelton Wheel by approximately 72% (from 960 to 270 W, respectively). Also, increasing the feed water salinity leads to raise the salinity of RO permeate, and vice versa. The RO permeate salinity is raised from 165 to 285 ppm when increasing the operating pressure from 650 to 850 kPa, respectively. As well, the more the increase in feed water temperature, the more improve in the permeate flux and salinity. The permeate TDS was decreased from 140 ppm at feed-water temperature 20 °C to 56 ppm at feed water temperature 39 °C. In this study, the Arduino program circuit was used to supply the required emergency loads by controlling the pressure values of high-pressure pump due to easy and open code program. Finally, the theoretical modelling results are in good correspondence with the experimental results. The average deviation among the theoretical and experimental results was 3.5%.

Lubricating characteristics and sealing performance of mixed TEHD analysis of piston-cylinder interface in the piston pump

PurposeIn high-pressure pumps, due to the interaction of asperities on the upper and lower surfaces, the piston–cylinder interface suffers severe lubrication and sealing problems during mixed lubrication. This study aims to establish a mixed thermo-elastohydrodynamic (EHD) model for the lubrication gap to determine how working conditions affect the lubricating characteristics and sealing performance of the interface.Design/methodology/approachA mixed thermo-EHD lubrication model is established to investigate the lubricating characteristics and sealing performance of the interface between the piston and cylinder. The model considers piston tilting, thermal effect, surface roughness and bushing deformation. The interface lubricating characteristics and sealing performance under different working conditions are calculated by the proposed numerical model.FindingsA higher inlet pressure contributes to an increase in the minimum film thickness. Increased shaft speed can significantly reduce the minimum film thickness, resulting in severe wear. Compared to roughness, the impact of the thermal effect on the interface sealing performance is more significant.Originality/valueThe proposed lubrication model in this study offers a theoretical framework to evaluate the lubricating characteristics and sealing performance at the lubrication gap. Furthermore, the results provide references for properly selecting piston-cylinder surface processing parameters.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2023-0072/

Research on the High Speed of Piston Pumps Based on Rapid Erecting of Launch Vehicles

Rapid erection is a key technology for modern warfare in vehicle weapon launch systems. It is challenging to attain rapidity with the hydraulic erecting system because of the intensified cavitation in the piston chamber at high speeds, which reduces volumetric efficiency and increases flow pulsation in the typical high-pressure axial piston pump. In this paper, an improved scheme for the cylinder window area overflow surface was proposed to solve this problem. Based on the full cavitation model and the compressible model, a numerical model of the internal flow in the piston pump was developed, and the effect of rotational speeds on the flow and cavitation characteristics of the pump was analysed. The results show that after the improvement, the maximum flow of the pump is increased from 1.765 kg/s to 2.295 kg/s, an increase of 30.028%, and the maximum speed corresponding to the volumetric efficiency of more than 90% is increased from 1500 rpm to 2100 rpm. At high speeds, the improved block can effectively suppress the cavitation and backflow in the piston chamber, improve the volumetric efficiency of the piston pump and reduce the flow pulsation, which is conducive to reducing the vibration and noise of the pump body.

Water Quality Sampling and Multi-Parameter Monitoring System Based on Multi-Rotor UAV Implementation

Water quality sampling and monitoring are fundamental to water environmental protection. The purpose of this study was to develop a water quality sampling and multi-parameter monitoring system mounted on a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The system consisted of the UAV, water sampling and multi-parameter detection device, and path planning algorithm. The water sampling device was composed of a rotating drum, a direct current (DC) reduction motor, water suction hose, high-pressure isolation pump, sampling bottles, and microcontroller. The multi-parameter detection device consisted of sensors for potential of hydrogen (pH), turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and a microcontroller. The flight path of the UAV was optimized using the proposed layered hybrid improved particle swarm optimization (LHIPSO) and rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) obstacle avoidance path planning algorithm, in order to improve the sampling efficiency. Simulation experiments were conducted that compared the LHIPSO algorithm with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the dynamic adjustment (DAPSO) algorithm. The simulation results showed that the LHIPSO algorithm had improved global optimization capability and stability compared to the other algorithms, validating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Field experiments were conducted at an aquaculture fish farm, and the device achieved real-time monitoring of three water quality parameters (pH, TDS, turbidity) at depths of 1 m and 2 m. A rapid analysis of three parameters (ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, dissolved oxygen) was performed in the laboratory on the collected water samples, and validated the feasibility of this study.

Increasing the performance of diesel motors by increasing the temperature of the diesel

This research aims to enhance the efficiency of diesel engines by optimizing the combustion process. One of the key factors in engine efficiency is the quality of the fuel-air mixture inside the combustion chamber. Imperfect combustion leads to high fuel consumption and low engine performance. Therefore, this study employs an experimental research method to investigate the influence of preheating the diesel fuel before entering the high-pressure pump on the formation of finer fuel mist particles and a more homogenous fuel-air mixing process. A series of experiments were conducted in this research by varying the temperature of the preheated diesel fuel and measuring relevant parameters related to combustion and engine performance. The results of this study demonstrate that preheating the diesel fuel before it enters the high-pressure pump leads to an improvement in the quality of the fuel-air mixture and enhances combustion efficiency. As a consequence, there is an increase in engine power and a reduction in optimal fuel consumption. In conclusion, the use of preheated diesel fuel to enhance the combustion process can be an effective solution to optimize the performance of diesel engines and reduce fuel consumption. This research contributes significantly to finding alternatives to address the issue of high fuel consumption in diesel engine-based vehicles.

Development of an Instantaneous Loading Impact Test System for Containment of a Nuclear Power Plant during Aircraft Impact on Steel Bar Joints.

As major projects such as nuclear power plants continuously increase, it is inevitable that loopholes will arise in safety precautions. Airplane anchoring structures, comprising steel joints and acting as a key component of such a major project, directly affect the safety of the project due to their resistance to the instant impact of an airplane. Existing impact testing machines have the limitations of being unable to balance impact velocity and impact force, as well as having inadequate control of impact velocity; they cannot meet the requirements of impact testing for steel mechanical connections in nuclear power plants. This paper discusses the hydraulic-based principle of the impact test system, adopts the hydraulic control mode, and uses the accumulator as the power source to develop an instant loading test system suitable for the entire series of steel joints and small-scale cable impact tests. The system is equipped with a 2000 kN static-pressure-supported high-speed servo linear actuator, a 2 × 22 kW oil pump motor group, a 2.2 kW high-pressure oil pump motor group, and a 9000 L/min nitrogen-charging accumulator group, which can test the impact of large-tonnage instant tensile loading. The maximum impact force of the system is 2000 kN, and the maximum impact rate is 1.5 m/s. Through the impact testing of mechanical connecting components using the developed impact test system, it was found that the strain rate of the specimen before failure was not less than 1 s-1, meeting the requirements of the technical specifications for nuclear power plants. By adjusting the working pressure of the accumulator group, the impact rate could be controlled effectively, thus providing a strong experimental platform for research in the field of engineering for preventing emergencies.

Dynamic Analysis of Common Rail Injection System for Diesel Engine based on AMESim/Simulink Co-Simulation

In common rail diesel engine, the characteristics of fuel injection is concerned both the structure parameters of injector and control strategy of control system (ECU). Thus, fuel injection system, engine performance system and ECU constitute an interactive feedback system. In this paper, first of all, using the AMESim/Simulink co-model for the common rail diesel engine prepared in the previous work, simulation and verification are performed in the AMESim/Simulink co-model based on the initial values of the diesel engine used in the case. Then it is done Simulation and Validation on the AMESim/Simulink co-mode. The engine dynamometer and injection rate test rig makes it possible to take measurements of the engine performance and injection rate in order to compare with the modelling results. This allows the obtained co-model to be validated. Validated model is very effective in describing and analyzing the transient behavior connections among injectors, high-pressure pump, and controller and engine parameters. This co-model was then used to analyze the effects of various structural parameters of injector on the response characteristics of the fuel injection system and engine operation.

Dimethyl ether fuel injection system development for a compression ignition engine for increasing the thermal efficiency and reducing emissions

In this study, a dedicated fuel injection equipment (FIE) for a 100% dimethyl ether (DME)-fueled three-cylinder engine was developed. DME has a cetane number (>55) higher than baseline diesel (40–50), making it a promising compression ignition (CI) engine fuel. However, some physicochemical properties of DME, namely lubricity, viscosity, density, calorific value, vapour pressure, incompatibility with elastomers, etc., necessitate modifications in the existing FIE to deliver a power output equivalent to baseline diesel fuelled engine. Modifications included customized DME storage tanks, supply lines, return lines, and a pneumatic pre-supply feed pump. In addition, a customized high-pressure pump (HPP) (inline mechanical pump) and a set of modified injectors with larger nozzle hole diameters were used for the DME engine. The engine speed was varied from 1000 to 2000 rpm, and off-road operating conditions were simulated using a non-road steady cycle (NRSC). A detailed evaluation of the FIE for its comparative combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of DME was conducted vis-à-vis baseline diesel. The DME-fuelled engine showed an increase of ∼4.7% in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) under full load conditions and an increase of ∼8.32% BTE under simulated non-road-testing conditions. In addition, the DME-fuelled engine exhibited no visible smoke and negligible soot in the engine exhaust. DME combustion reduced HC emissions by ∼50% at low and medium engine speeds, and a ∼100% reduction was seen at higher engine speeds compared to baseline diesel engine. The CO emission decreased by ∼90%, and the CO2 emissions were ∼15% lower for DME. Lower exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and lower heat release rate (HRR) during premixed combustion indicated that DME-fuelled engine acted as a low heat rejection (LHR) engine. This study demonstrated a 100% DME-fueled engine with a customized FIE, delivering higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions than conventional diesel engines for on- and off-road applications.

Method Development and Validation of Lorazepam by Using RP-HPLC in Pharmaceutical Formulation

High pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is a column chromatographic technique employing high pressure pump to pass both mobile phase and sample mixture through stationary phase column and perform efficient separation. A C-18 column with mobile phase containing Acetonitrile: methanol (80: 20) was used. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min. and were monitored at 210 nm. The retention time for Lorazepam was 1.3 min. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection. The Mean percent recovery of Lorazepam from tablet formulation was found to be 94.80 %.