High Moral Level Research Articles

Demistifying the role of job crafting on the morale of healthcare workers in Nigerian public hospitals

The mass exodus of healthcare workers from the Nigerian healthcare system highlights the urgent need to reevaluate the operational framework. This reevaluation aims to grant healthcare workers greater autonomy to improve their morale and address organizational issues like job dissatisfaction and high turnover. The inability to create new positions or redesign existing roles has contributed to these challenges, necessitating a comprehensive solution. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of job crafting on the moral of healthcare workers in the Nigerian Public Hospitals. It buttressed its argument with Hackman & Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model. All the Doctors and Nurses in the public Secondary Hospitals also known as General Hospitals in Lagos State were used for this study, making a total population of 11,084. The sample size of 725 was determined using Morgan sample size determination table. Quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis were employed. The results of the study show that job crafting has a substantial impact on the morale of healthcare workers in public hospitals. Higher levels of morale and happiness are experienced by healthcare workers who participate in job crafting activities. The crucial elements of job crafting—relational, task, and cognitive—allow healthcare professionals to customise and remodel their work experiences in accordance with their preferences and values. The study recommends that structures be put in place that supports job crafting in the Nigerian healthcare system so as to give a high level of autonomy and flexibility to the healthcare workers thereby boosting their morale for effective and efficient performance.

Tamaddun: The View of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas Towards a New Concept of Islamic Civilization

This brief article aims to analyze Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas' thoughts on tamaddun using the philosophy of history as a theoretical framework. This research elucidates that tamaddun is a state of human social life that has reached a high level of morality (ādab) and culture for society. The critical elements of tamaddun are al-dīn, ādab, and al-'ilm, which accumulate in 'ilm, amal, and iḥsan. Al-Attas defines Islamic civilization as a civilization that arises amid the multifariousness of cultures of Muslim communities of the world as a result of the permeation of the fundamental elements of the religion of Islam, which those communities have begun to arise from inside themselves, and a manifestation of integration in multifariousness as well as of multifariousness in unity. Al-Attas wants to show that Islam has arranged the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago for the coming modern world as proof that the world has been Islamized.

Учение об инстинктах и эмоциях в монографии чарлза дарвина «Происхождение человека и половой отбор» как основа современной эволюционной психиатрии и психологии

The article presents an analysis of the doctrine of instincts and emotions in Charles Darwin's fundamental work “The Descent of Man and Sexual Selection” from the point of view of its significance for contemporary evolutionary psychiatry and psychology. Darwin believed that man has common instincts with animals (sexual love, self-preservation, maternal, social, etc.) and emotions (fear, suspicion, feelings of competition, sympathy; pleasure, suffering, vindictiveness, good nature, moral sense, etc.), and to substantiate this, he made systematic comparisons of the behavior of humans and animals of different species, arguing that with all the diversity of instincts, their number in humans is less than in animals. Darwin paid particular attention to animals that “gained from living” in close-knit communities. At the same time, Darwin did not see a fundamental difference between the mental abilities of humans and lower animals, noting that some species of higher animals also possess self-awareness. Most of the instincts, according to Darwin, were acquired by both people and animals through natural selection, operating by the “trial method,” because of that errors are often found in instincts. Darwin also believed that animals could suffer from insanity, but to a lesser extent than humans. In «The Descent of Man», Darwin outlined the problem of the existence of altruism and a “high level of morality”, which is relevant for contemporary evolutionary psychiatry and psychology. Аt the individual level of natural selection these traits may not bring any benefit to their owner (and even lead to his death as a result of self-sacrifice), and, it would seem, lead to the disappearance of owners of such qualities in subsequent generations.

Tvorba a implementácia etického kódexu učiteľa katolíckej školy na Slovensku

In this article, we focus our attention on the creation and implementation of the code of ethics for Catholic School Teachers in Slovakia. We introduce a Catholic school teacher as a personality who should have a high moral level, be a defender of human rights, mediate culture and, above all, develop a religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, which we present as basic starting points for the creation of a code of ethics. Every starting point for the creation of a code of ethics finds its foundation in Christ.

Impact of Working Environment and Training on Organizational Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement

In this competitive and challenging climate various sectors are in great effort to boost up their employees performance. To examine this idea, organizational behavior was studied in connection to factors such as working conditions, training programs, employee engagement, and external factors. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving surveys of 250 workers across several sectors as well as qualitative interviews. This study was aim to assess the impact of working environment, training, and employee engagement on organization behavior environment and to explore employee engagement that how it mediates the relationship between the working environment and Organization behavior environment. The mediation analysis revealed that happier workers were more likely to be engaged in their work, and that this in turn predicted a more productive workplace with higher levels of morale, job satisfaction, and teamwork. These links were further explained via qualitative themes underlining the critical role of involvement in tying work and training design to the corporate culture. According to the results, firms may create a more productive workplace by taking a holistic approach to improving job design, training opportunities, and employee engagement

PENGARUH KESESUAIAN KOMPENSASI DAN MORALITAS PADA KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN DI LPD SE-KECAMATAN NUSA PENIDA

Fraud is a form of fraud that is carried out intentionally and can harm certain parties and provide personal benefits to the perpetrators of the fraud. One form of fraud can be acts of corruption and misuse of assets. This research was conducted to examine the effect of suitability of compensation and morality on fraud tendencies in LPDs throughout the Nusa Penida sub-district. This research was conducted at Nusa Penida District LPDs, totaling 42 LPDs using a survey method with a questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 168 respondents. The sample in this study was determined by purposive sampling technique. The criteria that can be used as samples are respondents who have positions as panureksa, pamucuk, panyarikan and patengen. Multiple linear regression was used in the data analysis. The results of the analysis prove that the suitability of compensation and morality has a negative effect on the tendency of LPD fraud. The implication of this research is that the existence of a compensation system and a high level of morality will prevent fraud in the LPD. The results of this study support the fraud triangle theory and the theory of moral development.

Ethical Role of a State in Ancient Jewish Political and Legal Thought

In this article, the author wonders how ancient Judaic legal thought, originally formed at the communal, pre-state level, really justifies the existence of a state, not only in terms of physical security for collective security, but also as a component of the paradigm of moral improvement of society. Based on the analysis of the commandments and attitudes of TaNaHa, the place assigned by Jewish teaching to various human institutions is examined in detail, and an answer is given to the question whether it is possible to preserve the integrity and identity of the people, without the binding and controlling role of the state. In the course of the study, a critical view of this religious and legal theory on the nature of man as a whole is stated, and the presence of recommendations, following which is intended to help correct the shortcomings inherent in humanity, which is «related» to Jewish creed with many other religious and ethical constructions. On the example of the teachings of Judaism, the patterns of the formation of ethical models of social mechanisms are analyzed – from more realistic in the form of a community and a state, to more complex, suggesting a high moral level that allows the community to do without a state apparatus of coercion. It is concluded that religious-traditional teachings can become an example of successful practices for the revival of national social solidarity. Since ethical institutions formulated in religious and legal concepts, taking into account the original characteristics of the peoples to whom they are addressed, the specifics of their traditions, can become the basis for improving the moral background of modern society. In addition, religious-legal theories, which have become the basis for the emergence of other religious teachings, have significant potential for borrowing and using their institutions and concepts in other legal systems, due to the universality of basic principles.

EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF DUFIL PRIMA FOODS PLC, PORT HARCOURT

This study seeks to identify the effect of leadership styles on employee job performance in manufacturing industry in Nigeria: a study of Dufil Prima Foods Plc. Port Harcourt. A quantitative research methodology was used to collect numerical data for analysis and a descriptive statistics was adopted. The study focused on transformative leadership style and transactional leadership style. The study revealed that, the effects of transformation leadership styles on employee’s performance are: higher level of morality and motivation, employees’ growth, employees’ development, promotes new ideology, intelligence and better job performance. The effects of transactional leadership styles on employees’ performance are: creations of corrective and constructive behaviaour, employees’ exportation of rewards for an improve performance and employees’ recognition. It was recommended among others that managers use a composition of transformational leadership and transactional leadership as a core managerial strategy in the organization.
 Keywords: Leader, Leadership Styles, Employee, Job Performance, Manufacturing Industry.

Role of Women Empowerment in achieving social transformation and sustainable development

Educated women have a high level of morality, a high potential for earning, and live life with a lot more confidence and courage to face any challenging situation. They might grow into an independent businessperson who can maintain the family's financial independence. They can maintain good health and hygiene for the family members. If there exists a lack of education for women the entire society will face a lot of setbacks in terms of development. Even today in rural areas there is a low acceptance of girl children in society. The paper will discuss the Women empowerment and different ways of boosting the women empowerment. There are a lot of studies that talk about the crucial role of educated women in bringing about socioeconomic and political progress in our country. Thus, the empowerment of rural women plays an important role in building up the economic and social pillars of sustainability. It is essential to empower women to achieve gender equality in order to secure the country's sustainable development. Education not only provides women with economic empowerment but also helps to solve issues like gender inequality and removes poverty to foster inclusive economic growth. This paper will bring out the positive outcome that due to education, there has been a changing role of women in society and the family, economic independence, changing attitude, increasing confidence, and the gradual rising of their social and economic status. The paper will also bring out the discussion on challenges faced by women. The paper will also attempt to discuss future suggestions for facilitating women with education and empowerment of women.

Pengaruh Moralitas Individu Dan Ketaatan Aturan Akuntansi Terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi Pada Pemerintah Kota Ambon

This study aims to find empirical evidence regarding the effect of individual morality and obedience to accounting rules on the tendency of accounting fraud in the Ambon City Government. The sample used in this study amounted to 60 respondents spread across 12 Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD). The sampling technique used is purposive sampling technique. The data used is primary data collected through questionnaires. The data obtained were then analyzed using SPSS. The results of this study prove that individual morality has no significant effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. This means that the tendency of accounting fraud is not influenced by individual morality, and there is no difference between individuals who have high levels of morality and low levels of morality in accounting fraud tendencies. Whether the system is good or not in the scope of government, the opportunity to tend to commit fraud depends on the individual or the individual morality of each employee. In other words, whether or not the morality of individual employees does not influence certain employees to commit fraud as long as the environment and opportunities are supportive to rationalize their actions. In addition, the existence of self-awareness from each employee is one form of how to prevent accounting fraud. Compliance with accounting rules has a significant negative effect on the tendency of accounting fraud. The results of this study indicate that the higher the company's compliance with accounting rules, the lower the tendency of accounting fraud by management to the company.

Формирование гражданской позиции будущих сотрудников органов внутренних дел: к поиску результативных методов

Introduction. Current trends in the professional training of employees of the internal affairs bodies imply the formation of an employee's personality, which is distinguished not only by a combination of professional competencies, but also by a civic position, a high level of morality and civil value orientations. The civil position of future employees of the internal affairs bodies in the article is considered as an integrative characteristic of the individual, structurally represented by a number of components: civil competence, attitude to civil society and its place in it, civic activity. The purpose of the work is to study the level of formation of the civic position of future employees of the internal affairs bodies. The empirical study involved 117 1st year cadets of the Faculty of Law of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Methodology and methods: the study used the questionnaire «Citizenship and Patriotism» (E.G. Galyanskaya, N.A. Getman, E.N. Kotenko), modified in accordance with the purpose and features of the study sample; questionnaire «Assessment of the level of formation of civil identity among students» (T.V. Bolotina). Results of the study and their discussion: the results demonstrated that among the levels of civil position formation (cognitive, emotional, activity) of future employees of the internal affairs bodies identified in the study, most of them have medium and low levels of civil position formation, and its activity component is the weakest. This actualizes the need to develop a pedagogical program for the formation of a civic position of future law enforcement officers, one of the key methods of implementation of which is the example method, which involves the orientation of students to patterns of behavior of law enforcement officers, as well as subjects of the educational process of a departmental educational organization. The formation of the civic position of future specialists of the internal affairs bodies is an integral component of the education of personnel in the spirit of devotion to their Fatherland, contributing to the maintenance of positive and adjustment of negative actions elected by future specialists of the internal affairs bodies in the performance of official duties in the course of educational and professional activities.

ROLE OF EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING ETHICAL DECISION MAKERS

Growing interest in ethical behaviour and sustainable development of businesses at the global level, as well as the expectations of society for ethical and responsible behaviour of business organizations poses new requirements toward educational institutions in terms of training human resources that responds to more chllenging tasks of modern entrepreneurship activity. From this perspective this research work aims to study the role of higher educational institutions (particularly during the pandemic-forced distant education) in training of competent, innovative and flexible decision makers who are socially responsible and responsive, able to understand and respect universal ethical values, fairness and equality, high level of morality and ethics, cultural, religious, ethnic and other diversities, are willing to take measures to protect the environment from the negative impact of business activity and contribute to sustainable development.

Explaining Chinese Delinquency: Self-Control, Morality, and Criminogenic Exposure

This study extends the testing of situational action theory (SAT) to a Chinese population, and sheds new light on the directions of the moderation relationships between self-control and morality, and between crime propensity and criminogenic exposure on delinquency. Relying on a large, representative sample of middle school students from two areas of Guizhou, China ( N = 2,498), we find that both self-control and morality have significant inhibiting effects on delinquency. Moreover, self-control has a more profound curbing effect on delinquency among adolescents with higher levels of morality. Meanwhile, the promoting effect of crime propensity on delinquency decreases when levels of risky exposure increase. When adolescents have more unsupervised activities and delinquent peers, their crime propensity affects delinquency to a lesser extent. Our study confirms that individual and situational factors interlock in determining delinquency, and reiterates the value of empirical testing across cultures to validate and possibly improve general theories of crime.

PENGARUH PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DAN MORALITAS INDIVIDU TERHADAP KECURANGAN (FRAUD)

This study aims to obtain evidence of differences in the likelihood of committing fraud between individuals in the event that there are elements of internal control and no elements of internal control, differences in the likelihood of committing fraud between individuals who have a high level of morality and those who have a high level of morality low. Participants in this study were 70 cooperative managers consisting of the chairman, secretary and treasurer in all villages of Batubulan, Gianyar Regency. The research design used was an experimental design with a 2X2 factorial design. To test the hypothesis in this study, the Two Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical test was used. The results showed that there was no difference in the likelihood of committing fraud between individuals in the event that there was an element of internal control and no element of internal control. In addition, this study also proves that there are differences in the possibility of committing fraud between individuals who have a high level of morality and those who have a low level of morality.

Changes in the Understanding of Religious and Cultural Components of Human Capital

This research identified structural differences between the religious and cultural components of human capital in Western and Russian intellectual traditions and created a specific holistic structural conceptual framework based on which further research can be carried out, or decisions can be made about determining human capital for scientific and public policy purposes. Experts selected research texts for examination, and their structural-semantic analysis was used as a research method. A group of 32 authoritative Russian university experts was formed to select the most significant and influential studies of Western scholars on human capital and changes in the attitude towards assessing its religious and cultural components. The selected works were analyzed to determine common concepts for which semantic relationships were established. As a result, a structural diagram of Western research's main ideas concerning the religious and cultural components of human capital was created. Among the totality of basic ideas that define the Western paradigm, there is a generally negative assessment of religiosity as a component of psychology that influences productive forces; a high level of religiosity is rarely correlated with economic prosperity and is not necessarily associated with high levels of morality or health. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that so far no attempts have been made to highlight the most important features of the Western paradigm of understanding the role of a religious or cultural component in the development of human capital and to apply it to determine the differences and possible strategies for the development of the individual economy (in our example, the Russian one). The paper also analyzed the essence of the contradiction between Western and Russian concepts of human capital. This study could serve as a foundation for further developing a strategy for identifying and using human potential to determine public policy for cultural and economic development.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНОГО МЕДИЙНОГО ОБРАЗА СОТРУДНИКОВ ОРГАНОВ ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The aim is to identify the features of the emerging media image of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation on the basis of sociological analysis, the results of All-Russian empirical sociological studies presented in the work. The article analyzes the image of police officers broadcast by the mass media. The analysis is based on an understanding of the multifactorial nature of the formation of the image of the police. It is proved that the assessment of the objectivity of the coverage of the work of the police by the mass media forms the attitude of the population to the activities of the police. It is proved that the assessment of the objectivity of the coverage of the work of the police by the mass media forms the attitude of the population to their activities Among the factors influencing the formation of a positive media image of police officers should be identified: personal, professional and moral qualities. It is concluded that the high level of morality and professionalism of police officers, together with objective coverage of their activities in the media, contribute to increasing the prestige of the Department of Internal Affairs, as well as increasing public confidence in the employees of this organization.

An Assessment of Global Civilizational State, Evolutionity, Along with Global Solidarity and United Citizens Movement

As global crises of all sorts on our planet further intensify, Global Community may have no alternative but to show Global Solidarity and help each other out of crises. Such solidarity can only be built on the basis of harmony, cooperation and moderation, and on respecting the political and cultural diversity of our multicivilizational troubled world. Global Civilizational State and Evolutionity are proposing creative works toward saving humanity from self-destruction, and are a complex mix of higher levels of morality, religion, education, art, philosophy, technology, and material wellbeing. In fact both are also a continuation from the previous Modernity epoch inspired by the mechanistic and deterministic view of societies, and Postmodernity epoch been born out of our dissatisfaction with modernity, and characterized by issues related to the global warming of the planet, globalization, political instability and a social and political regress to irrationality. As Global Civilizational State and Evolutionity along with Global Solidarity and United Citizens Movement begin to take on a much deeper kind of global leadership, one that earns more respect than envy and more gratitude than hatred, one that can catapult the whole planet forward into a future where war is no longer thinkable between nation-states, and a legitimate and beneficial Earth governance is able to cope with global problems.

Morality and Self-Control: The Role of Binding and Individualizing Moral Motives

ABSTRACT The notion that morality and self-control are linked is deeply rooted in Western scholarly and religious traditions, yet few studies have examined this notion empirically. To fill this gap, we employ a pluralistic moral framework and data from four independently gathered samples to examine the relationship between morality and self-control. We hypothesize that people with higher levels of morality (measured as individualizing and binding moral motives) will exhibit higher levels of self-control, and that these moral motives will mediate the association between prior socialization and self-control. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find that the individualizing moral motive is positively associated with self-control, net of demographic and parenting measures, and that it mediates the association between prior socialization and self-control. However, contrary to our hypotheses, we find that the binding moral motive is inversely associated with self-control. These divergent results, found across four data sets, indicate that the relationship between morality and self-control is more complex than previously understood, and highlight the importance of expanding the conceptualization of morality to include both individualizing and binding moral motives in order for a more complete understanding of the relationship between morality and self-control to be obtained.

Culture of organization in conditions of changes as an ability of efficient transformations: the case of gas transportation companies in Ukraine

Research background: The relevance of the research on corporate culture in the conditions of changes is substantiated and its elements, which are important for effective transformations, are defined. The influence of corporate culture on the company performance and its elements is identified. The article deals with hierarchical levels of corporate culture which identify elements of corporate culture and "hidden" factors that allow establishing relationships with the outside world and promote productive work.
 Purpose of the article: The objective of the article is to identify the elements of the organizational culture at the enterprise level, which influence the effectiveness of its activities under the changes and generalization of its components that determine its ability to transform the existing state in accordance with the established world experience and practice. The research is based on the experience of gas transportation companies in Ukraine.
 Methods: The McKinsey 7S model was used to describe the enterprise to assess the state of the proposed levels of formation and to change its corporate culture. The McKinsey 7S Framework used in this study as analytical tool to explore a system of interrelated elements which improve the organization's work, raising the level of employee culture and generating common values. The expert method was used to assess the qualitative indices of enterprise internal environment, including "style/culture" and "common values", based on the questionnaire of the experts' group. The survey was conducted at three levels of management for the gas transportation companies, located in different regions of Ukraine. The three levels of management for the mentioned above enterprises ? top, middle and low managers were taken into account. The use of the fuzzy logic method makes it possible to investigate the influence of the corporate culture elements on the results of the enterprises and to identify those elements which are important for the implementation of changes at the enterprise and without which it is impossible to achieve effective transformations.
 Findings & Value added: Taking into account the results of the assessment of corporate culture elements at the investigated companies, the directions of corporate culture development for enterprises that are in a state of changes are pointed out, namely: use of different management styles; support of employees in making innovative decisions; development of cooperation and elimination of conflicts between workers; formation of general corporate values; creating trust between employees and top managers; promoting the development of young workers; use of the mechanisms of education and maintenance of a high level of morality and culture of workers.

MORAL COMPETENCE OF INDONESIA PROFESSIONAL AUDITORS

This study reveals the moral competence of internal auditors and public accountants in Jakarta, Indonesia. The auditor's compliance with his professional code of ethics must be based on high morality. Accountants are professions that work on the basis of public trust. Various pressures faced by auditors. All these pressures must be faced throughout the career as an auditor and require the struggle to satisfy all of these stakeholders and refrain from various temptations with various modes of bribery.The auditor must be able to control and apply his morality to face various temptations and threats in carrying out his duties. A total of 510 auditors in this matter. The results of the study show the moral of public accountants at a high moral level, while internal auditors are at a moderate level.