High Degree Of Mobility Research Articles

EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE METHODOLOGY OF INCREASING THE LEVEL OF PSYCHOPHYSICAL READINESS OF YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYERS BY MEANS OF CONJUGATED ORIENTATION

The article considers the experimental testing of the method of increasing the level of psychophysical potential of young football players by means of conjugate orientation. The author's method allows young football players in the process of their development to significantly reveal and expand individual reserve capabilities of psychophysical potential and, thereby, significantly increase the effectiveness of technical and tactical actions in game situations. In the course of a comparative analysis of the EG and CG, significant inter- and intragroup differences were revealed, as well as positive dynamics of the growth rates of the studied indicators of psychophysical potential in young football players. A sufficiently high degree of mobilization of the psychophysical potential of young football players is designed to ensure the effectiveness and reliability of the performance of a highly precise coordinated motor act in competitive activities.

Comparative analysis of operative treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus using two different surgical techniques.

The purpose of this study was to examine the surgical treatment of two-part and three-part proximal humerus fractures utilizing two approaches. Study involved a total of 40 individuals. Twenty patients were treated with plates and screws and 20 with intramedullary locking nail osteosynthesis. We created 10 pairs of patients that were matched in age, gender, and fracture type, with the sole difference being the osteosynthetic material used. The mean follow-up was 4 years (1-9 years). We evaluated the results of treatment using Constant's scoring scale. The mean value of Constant's scoring scale was 78.05 for patients treated with plates and screws and 67.55 for those treated with intramedullary stabilization. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups nor were there statistically significant differences in post-operative range of motion (ROM). The results of Constant's scoring scale were higher for patients whose fractures were stabilized with a plate and screws. The same group of patients had a higher degree of mobility and better ROM. Even while there was a general tendency toward better outcomes when using plates and screws for fixation, there was no indication as to which surgical technique offers the best results.

Small‐Scale Overturn of High‐Ti Cumulates Promoted by the Long Lifetime of the Lunar Magma Ocean

AbstractThe fractional crystallization of the lunar magma ocean (LMO) results in a gravitationally unstable layering, with dense Fe‐ and Ti‐oxides overlying lighter mafic cumulates. Due to their high density, these are prone to overturn via Rayleigh‐Taylor instability. However, this instability competes with the downward growth of the cold and stiff stagnant lid, which tends to trap the cumulates preventing their overturn. The fate of high‐Ti cumulates (HTC) plays a major role in several aspects of the Moon's history, including mare volcanism, early magnetism, and the presence of a partially molten layer at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). To assess the extent of the overturn of HTC, we use 2D simulations of thermo‐chemical mantle convection in the presence of a solidifying LMO. The long lifetime of the magma ocean caused by the insulating effect of the plagioclase crust delays the growth of the stagnant lid and promotes the onset of solid‐state convection during magma ocean solidification. Both phenomena favor a high degree of mobilization of the HTC. Independent of the rheology of the mafic and HTC, the overturn is always characterized by small‐scale instabilities and is completed within ∼300–600 Myr. High‐Ti material accumulates at the CMB where it undergoes partial melting until present‐day, in agreement with the existence of a deep, partially molten layer inferred from geodetic data. Part of the overturned cumulates is entrained by mantle flow and can participate in secondary melting until ∼1 Ga, in agreement with the age of high‐Ti mare basalts.

Feeding ecology and interactions with mammal hosts in a symbiotic genus of birds (Buphagus spp.) in Namibia

As the sole obligate symbiotic birds in Africa, oxpeckers offer a unique model for studying symbiotic relationships. Due to the multitrophic level they occupy and the context dependent foraging behavior they exhibit, the type of symbiotic relationship can be variable. In addition to providing a cleaning service to the host by removing ticks, oxpeckers frequently feed on blood, mucus, and saliva, inflicting potential damage on the host. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding on faecal samples to analyze the taxonomic composition of the trophic interactions of the Yellow-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus africanus) and Red-billed Oxpecker (B. erythrorhynchus) in northeastern Namibia. In contrast to conventional methods, DNA metabarcoding allows for a detailed identification of dietary resources encompassing both mammal hosts and consumed arthropods within the same samples. With this information, we examined differences in the diet composition between oxpecker species and localities, as well as the co-occurrence between host and arthropod species. Our findings revealed that oxpeckers predominantly source their diet from mammals, ticks, and flies; however, ticks and flies rarely co-occur in the diet of an individual. We observed variability among individuals in their feeding ecology, which is strongly correlated with locality and, to a lesser extent, with the mammal host. We noted a high degree of mobility between hosts within relatively short periods, with 32% of the samples showing traces of at least two mammal hosts. This study illustrates the dynamic foraging behavior of these specialized symbiotic birds, shedding light on their potential role in pest control services and disease transmission.

From Peripheral Structure to Discourse Operator: No Veas

This work describes the cooptation/grammaticalization process developed by the expression no veas. The hypothesis it defends, endorsed by previous research, considers that in this process, this expression appears in different constructions, originally integrated in the clause or peripheral, and is involved in a process of fixation towards pragmatic markers. The parenthetical distribution is fundamental to this subjectification and constructionalizationss. In some cases, the cooptation process has not ended, and constructions can act as semi-fixed patterns. These constructions provide procedural content but, at the same time, allow lexical choice in part of their structure. In other cases, we are already dealing with fixed markers. The Spanish structure no veas can appear as a free verbal construction (“No veas tanto la televisión” (don’t watch television so much)), as a semi-free intensification construction (“no veas lo enfadado que está” (you wouldn’t believe how angry he is), “está gritando que no veas” (he’s shouting like you wouldn’t believe)), or as a discourse operator (“El campo está lleno, no veas” (the stadium’s full, unbelievable)). In the latter case, the structure appears peripheral and displays a high degree of mobility (it could be inserted at the beginning of the utterance or appear in an intermediate position, not just at the end) and functions as a modal operator of surprise (a mirative) or a comment with intensifying meaning.

On the fragility of the Italian economic territories under SARS-COV2 lockdown policies

AbstractWe leverage a granular representation of mobility patterns before and during the first wave of SARS-COV2 in Italy to investigate the economic consequences of various forms of lockdown policies when accounting for mobility restrictions between and within local jurisdictions, i.e. municipalities, provinces and regions. We provide an analytical characterization of the rate of economic losses using a network-based spectral method. The latter treats the spread of contagion of economic losses due to commuting restrictions as a dynamical system stability problem. Our results indicate that the interplay between lower level of smartworking and the polarization of commuting flows to fewer local labor hubs in the South of Italy makes Southern territories extremely important in spreading economic losses. We estimate an economic contraction of total income derived from commuting restrictions in the range of 10–30% depending on the economic assumptions. However, alternative policies proposed during the second wave of SARS-COV2 can pose a greater risk to Northern areas due to their higher degree of mobility between jurisdictions than Southern ones. The direction of economic losses tend to propagate from large to medium-small jurisdictions across all alternative lockdown policies we tested. Our study shows how complex mobility patterns can have unequal consequences to economic losses across the country and call for more tailored implementation of restrictions to balance the containment of contagion with the need to sustain economic output.

Secured Scheme for Privacy Preserving and Node Authentication Mechanism for a Special Mobile Ad hoc Network

Opportunistic networks are a special type of Mobile Ad hoc network which are wirelessly interlinked nodes with the absence of end to end connectivity. All nodes in an opportunistic network are free to move in an environment. Due to the high degree of mobility of nodes, opportunistic networks differ significantly from the existing traditional networks and it works on store, carry &forward mechanism in which, each node has a communication range. Within its proximity, if any node comes, it can send and receive messages. In an opportunistic network, there is no proper infrastructure available for communication and node have limited storage and computational capabilities. The major problem being faced in an opportunistic network is the identification of normal and malicious nodes because due to the open nature of the opportunistic network, malicious nodes also can join the network and perform some malicious activities like Sybil attack. We propose a remedy to address the authentication and privacy issue that can arise in an opportunistic network. According to the findings of the simulation, the proposed research work satisfies the authentication and privacy criteria of an opportunistic network.

VISUALIZATION OF MOVEMENT IN GYMNASTICS EXERCISES

Visualization of the movement is crucial both for research and pedagogical activities. The aim of this study was to introduce some methodology for the visualization of the movement on the basis of the data obtained from conducting numerical experiments when studying various movements and exercises. The main task was to design a program module for the visualization of spatial movements. The visualization of the results from the conducted simulations allows for having an idea of the studied movement in the course of solving the equations of motion. The program module for the visualization of an athlete’s movement is working in the MATLAB Computing Environment. We have constructed an anthropomorphic structure (model) which resembles the shape of a human body. The model possesses a high degree of mobility which makes it suitable for applying various movements and actions. A set of artistic gymnastics exercises was provided as an example. The visualization of the current results from the simulated movement contributes to the detailed analysis and facilitates the interpretation of the obtained results. The model can also be applied to research activities for movements in other sports.

Nitisinone Treatment Affects Biomarkers of Bone and Cartilage Remodelling in Alkaptonuria Patients.

Nitisinone has been approved for treatment of alkaptonuria (AKU). Non-invasive biomarkers of joint tissue remodelling could aid in understanding the molecular changes in AKU pathogenesis and how these can be affected by treatment. Serological and urinary biomarkers of type I collagen and II collagen in AKU were investigated in patients enrolled in the randomized SONIA 2 (NCT01916382) clinical study at baseline and yearly until the end of the study (Year 4). The trajectories of the biomarkers over time were observed. After treatment with nitisinone, the biomarkers of type I collagen remodelling increased at Year 1 (19% and 40% increase in CTX-I and PRO-C1, respectively), which was potentially reflected in the higher degree of mobility seen following treatment. The biomarkers of type II collagen remodelling decreased over time in the nitisinone group: C2M showed a 9.7% decline at Year 1, and levels then remained stable over the following visits; CTX-II showed a 26% decline at Year 3 and 4 in the nitisinone-treated patients. Nitisinone treatment induced changes in biomarkers of bone and cartilage remodelling. These biomarkers can aid patient management and deepen our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of this rare disease.

Return to Sports Following Shoulder Injury: Clinical Evaluation, Isokinetic, and Functional Testing.

The shoulder is commonly injured in overhead sports. This is associated with a high degree of mobility at the expense of stability, sports specific demands, high volume or intensity of practice and competition, biomechanical deficits, and poor technique. Following injury, the return to competition process includes nonsurgical or surgical treatment, comprehensive rehabilitation, and a structured return to sports program. The return to sports continuum is divided into phases which include return to practice of the sport, return to competition at a lower level or with reduced performance, and return to expected performance. Components of the return to sports decision include clinical evaluation of physical and psychological readiness, measurement of muscle strength using isokinetic tests, evaluation of overhead functional tasks, and progression in a supervised interval throwing program. The evidence for the effectiveness of return to sports programs following shoulder injury is limited but evolving and is an area that will merit continued investigation.

Hydraulic Calculations of a Telescopic Water Intake

Abstract Telescopic water intake structures allow for the selective intake of water from the top layers of a reservoir. A telescopic water intake has a high degree of mobility, and a wide field of application; at the same time, it is very simple and convenient to operate. Despite these advantages, an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake is lacking (Lipin, 2020; Lipin, 2022). Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an exact calculation method for a telescopic water intake. In order to perform this task, all the structural elements of a telescopic water intake were analyzed separately by means of existing hydraulic principles. The impact of the critical submergence depth of the water intake funnel on the operability of a telescopic water intake was studied, and an equation for the critical submergence depth calculation was proposed. The optimal range of the flow rate coefficient ( μ =0.30 - 0.45) was proposed for calculating the funnel flow rate, and the correlation between the flow rate and funnel inlet diameter was defined. The optimal curvature radius of the elbow was proposed. In order to verify the above mentioned parameters and correlations, analytical and numerical calculations of specific examples were performed. The results of the numerical modelling demonstrated that the critical submergence depth and shape of the water intake funnel, as defined by the analytical calculations, ensured its effective operation free of cavitation and vortexes. The analytically calculated dimensions of the telescopic column, following the numerical modelling results, provided normal hydraulic conditions without active cavitation. According to the numerical modelling, the proposed curvature radius of the elbow was sufficient to avoid significant cavitation and vortex formation in the elbow structure. This research can provide guidance for the design of telescopic water intake structures.

Hydrodynamics of the fast-start caridoid escape response in Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba

Krill are shrimp-like crustaceans with a high degree of mobility and variety of documented swimming behaviors. The caridoid escape response, a fast-start mechanism unique to crustaceans, occurs when the animal performs a series of rapid abdominal flexions and tail flipping that results in powerful backward strokes. The current results quantify the animal kinematics and three-dimensional flow field around a free-swimming Euphausia superba as it performs the caridoid escape maneuver. The specimen performs a single abdominal flexion-tail flip combination that leads to an acceleration over a 42 ms interval allowing it to reach a maximum speed of 57.0 cm/s (17.3 body lengths/s). The krill’s tail flipping during the abdominal closure is a significant contributor to the thrust generation during the maneuver. The krill sheds a complex chain of vortex rings in its wake due to the viscous flow effects while the organism accelerates. The vortex ring structure reveals a strong suction flow in the wake, which suggests that the pressure distribution and form drag play a role in the force balance for this maneuver. Antarctic krill typically swim in a low to intermediate Reynolds number (Re) regime where viscous forces are significant, but as shown by this analysis, its high maneuverability allows it to quickly change its body angle and swimming speed.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОБИЛЬНОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОГО ТУРИЗМА В УСЛОВИЯХ РОССИЙСКО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОГО ПРИГРАНИЧЬЯ

The Russian-Kazakh border area has a significant potential for the development of ethno-cultural tourism. One of the recommended forms of organizing tourism in the study area is the use of mobile objects. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of such mobile tourist buildings. The objectives of the research are aimed at studying the historical experience of shaping the dwellings of nomadic peoples and analyzing modern, transformable, mobile, temporary mobile buildings, taking into account the specifics of the conditions of the Russian-Kazakh border area. The methods used in scientific work are a comparative analysis of mobile buildings according to various criteria and a numerical method for determining the compactness coefficient of the architectural form. Within the framework of the study, mobile modules that differ in the way of movement and habitat are considered. The most common types of object transformation are identified, a method for achieving a high degree of mobility of nomadic peoples' houses is analyzed, the compactness coefficients of mobile buildings are calculated, the architectural and planning organization of modern mobile buildings is investigated and the constructive and technological solutions of life support systems of transportable buildings are analyzed. As a result of the study, the following requirements are identified for the formation of mobile tourist buildings in the studied region: the movement of the building by means of motor vehicles, the transformation of volume by means of telescopic extension, the desire for compactness of architectural forms, the functional expediency of the dwelling and the autonomy of the engineering systems of the object. It is concluded that the identified requirements for the design of mobile tourist buildings will contribute to the creation of modern facilities that comply with the principles of sustainable tourism development

Reconstructing elites in Late Hallstatt Ferigile group

The paper tries to answer the question of whether elites existed and how these expressed themselves in the communities of the archeological group Ferigile, to identify the clues that would allow their detection and individualization. The Ferigile group evolved south of the Carpathians in the late stage of the Early Iron Age (the 7th-5th centuries BC). These communities, whose economy was based on livestock farming rather than cultivating the land, so with a high degree of mobility, have not left stable settlements, fortifications or other habitat centers that eventually reflect the internal organization of society and the existence of some hierarchical relationships. The elements that are at hand in this matter are exclusively those in the field of funerary domain. The necropolises of the group are made up of cremation graves under small mounds of stones and earth. These are characterized by an apparent uniformity, by a democratization of the mound as a funerary symbol of status. Four special tombs were selected from four necropolises (Ferigile barrow 69, Valea Stanii barrow 4, Cepari barrow 5 and Tigveni barrow 15), which follow each other in time covering the entire existence of the group and were analyzed under the aspects related to the funerary ritual (funerary arrangement, position in the field occupied within the necropolis, grave goods, etc.). The conclusions reached show that these communities had their elites, who chose to express their special status in the afterlife, but the differences from the upper half of society (expressed by the middle and rich tombs from the perspective of the grave goods) are not so consistent. The differentiation is given rather by certain component elements of funerary inventory encompassing symbolic values.

Impacts of mineralogy and pore throat structure on the movable fluid of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in coal measure strata: A case study of the Shanxi formation along the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin

Movable fluid content and permeability are important reference factors for reservoir quality evaluation and recovery enhancement. In this study, based on multiple experimental results, 10 typical samples from a tight sandstone gas reservoir in the coal measure strata of the Shanxi Formation along the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin were divided into three lithofacies to discuss the factors influencing movable fluid content and permeability. The results show that the fluid has a strong seepage capacity and a high degree of mobility in relatively large pore throats. The relatively large pores in the study area are secondary dissolved pores of various origins. High quartz and feldspar contents are conducive to the formation of secondary pores, while the presence of carbonate minerals and clay minerals play an inhibitory role. The pore throat size range of 0.05–0.1 μm is the critical interval for the conversion of bound fluid to movable fluid. The movable fluid saturation and movable fluid porosity are affected by submicron- and micron-scale pore throats of >0.1 μm, while the permeability is controlled by micron-scale pore throats sizes of >1 μm. The volumetric proportion of the relatively large pore throats is influenced by the mineralogical composition of the rock, the size of the pore throats, and the degree of sorting, which further control the amount of moveable fluid and its percolation capacity. The highest movable fluid content and permeability appear in the massive gravel-bearing coarse to medium sandstone lithofacies (Lm) with a high proportion of submicron- and micron-scale pore throats, whereas the lowest occurs in parallel bedding or ripple laminations，medium to fine sandstone lithofacies (Lpr) with a high proportion of nano-scale pore throats. The lithofacies with cross bedding and medium sandstone (Lc) is also dominated by nano-scale pore throats, which shows the characteristics of low movable fluid content and medium permeability due to the retention of some micron-scale pore throats. This study describes the mobility of fluids with different pore throat sizes in detail and determines the pore throat size range corresponding to the transition from bound fluid to movable fluid, which can provide a reference for the evaluation of movable fluid seepage in other regions.

Electro-Hydraulic Rolling Soft Wheel: Design, Hybrid Dynamic Modeling, and Model Predictive Control

Locomotion through rolling is attractive compared to other forms of locomotion thanks to uniform designs, high degree of mobility, dynamic stability, and self-recovery from collision. Despite previous efforts to design rolling soft systems, pneumatic and other soft actuators are often limited in terms of high-speed dynamics, system integration, and/or functionalities. Furthermore, mathematical description of the rolling dynamics for this type of robot and how the models can be used for speed control are often not mentioned. This article introduces a cylindrical-shaped shell-bulging rolling soft wheel that employs an array of 16 folded-HASEL actuators as a mean for improved rolling performance. The actuators represent the soft components with discrete forces that propel the wheel, whereas the wheel's frame is rigid but allows for smooth, continuous change in position and speed. We discuss the interplay between the electrical and mechanical design choices, the modeling of the wheel's hybrid (continuous and discrete) dynamic behavior, and the implementation of a model predictive controller (MPC) for the robot's speed. With the balance of several design factors, we show the wheel's ability to carry integrated hardware with a maximum rolling speed at 0.7 m/s (or 2.2 body lengths per second), despite its total weight of 979 g, allowing the wheel to outperform the existing rolling soft wheels with comparable weights and sizes. We also show that the MPC enables the wheel to accelerate and leverage its inherent braking capability to reach desired speeds—a critical function that did not exist in previous rolling soft systems.

Lichens in the Polar Deserts of the Northern Tip of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago.

For the polar deserts of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, the analysis of the dependence of the distribution of lichens on altitude above sea level, exposure by cardinal direction, the granulometric composition of soils, morphometric parameters of structural soils, the cover values of bryophytes and the total cover of cushion forms of plants and lichens was carried out. Based on 157 sample plots, nine lichenocenotypes (lichen community formed in a specific type of habitat) were identified. It is shown that with increasing height (during the transition from zonal to orozonal positions), the cover and the number of lichen species decrease. The cover of lichens also decreases with an increase in the cover of mosses. With an increase in the content of a fraction in soils of more than 0.125 mm, the species diversity and the cover of lichens increases. A total of 84lichen species were identified, of which Thamnolia vermicularis s. l. is classified as the most active, nine are highly active, 11-medium-active, the rest are little active and inactive. The current pattern of lichen distribution in the landscape of the far North of Novaya Zemlya is largely due to historical reasons-the youth of the landscape, recently freed from the ice cover, an exceptionally high degree of mobility of the cover of loose Quaternary deposits.

A Novel Fuzzy Logic-Based Scheme for Malicious Node Eviction in a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

Securing communication in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is hampered by numerous constraints, making it more difficult. First, traditional security schemes cannot be directly applied in VANET because they consider fixed topology. Second, VANET enables dynamic spectrum access where nodes constantly change frequencies due to their high degree of mobility, resulting in severe consequences on network performance. Third, an effective security scheme in VANET needs local and continual knowledge of nodes. Last, the presence of malicious nodes and their misbehaving activities impair the safety of the drivers since they might alter the content of the sent safety alerts. With these constraints in mind, this paper presents a unique security strategy that utilizes node behaviour during message exchange as a security metric to address these issues. Through the message alert exchange phase, node behaviour is measured through the fuzzy logic framework to generate a rank for each node called trust level (BL), which describes the node’s reliability in exchanging safety messages correctly. Moreover, all messages in VANET are encrypted using the existing cryptography techniques. The proposed scheme is developed to enhance communication security in VANET, minimize the effects of malicious nodes, and improve resource utilization in VANET. Evaluation of the proposed scheme shows that it improves the performance of VANET in terms of end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and packet loss ratio. According to the results, our scheme improves throughput by up to 23% and reduces end-to-end delay by up to 60%.

Market women’s skills, constraints, and agency in supplying affordable, safe, and high-quality fish in Ghana

In Ghana, the role of female informal traders (“market women”) in making low-cost smoked and dried fish available in urban and rural marketplaces is the key to explaining the high consumption of fish in the country. However, market women’s contribution to food security and nutrition (FSN), as well as to fish quality and safety is underrated and poorly understood. Fish marketing requires proficient distribution and preservation skills, economic and sociocultural competence, and a high degree of mobility. Fish traders face numerous constraints related to fish supplies, credit access, hygiene, storage facilities, transport, and market governance, all of which affect their incomes and may affect the quality and safety of fish. The article, which is based on semi-structured interviews with fish traders and fish consumers in coastal and inland markets in Ghana, documents how traders operate and exhibit agency to deal with constraints by activating a range of skills in their profit-making and their fish quality and safety enhancement strategies. The authors argue that policies grounded in knowledge about fish traders’ activities, skills, and working conditions, with budgets that prioritize investment in public infrastructure that caters for market women’s professional and personal needs, can further enhance their ability to supply affordable, safe, and high-quality fish to Ghana’s population.

High-fidelity eye, head, body, and world tracking with a wearable device

We describe the design and performance of a high-fidelity wearable head-, body-, and eye-tracking system that offers significant improvement over previous such devices. This device’s sensors include a binocular eye tracker, an RGB-D scene camera, a high-frame-rate scene camera, and two visual odometry sensors, for a total of ten cameras, which we synchronize and record from with a data rate of over 700 MB/s. The sensors are operated by a mini-PC optimized for fast data collection, and powered by a small battery pack. The device records a subject’s eye, head, and body positions, simultaneously with RGB and depth data from the subject’s visual environment, measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. The headset weighs only 1.4 kg, and the backpack with batteries 3.9 kg. The device can be comfortably worn by the subject, allowing a high degree of mobility. Together, this system overcomes many limitations of previous such systems, allowing high-fidelity characterization of the dynamics of natural vision.