Highest Yield Of Seeds Research Articles

Measures to protect hemp from harmful organisms

Relevance. When cultivating seed hemp, comprehensive crop protection is necessary throughout the entire development cycle “from seed to seed”. A comprehensive system of environmentally oriented protective equipment during pre-sowing and foliar treatment of seeds and plants can provide a favorable phytosanitary environment.Methods. The research work was carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines for conducting field and vegetation experiments with cannabis and the methodology of field experience with the basics of statistical processing of research results.Results. Etching with the insectofungicide “Celest Top, KS” in pure form and in tank mixtures showed a high degree of protection of seeds from infection during germination. The use of “Celest Top, KS” in its pure form and in combination with the growth regulator “Artafit, VRK” and the liquid fertilizer “Megamix. Seeds” is most effective against hemp fleas. Etching “Artafit, VRK”, “Celest Top, KS” and mixtures with the fertilizer “Megamix. Seeds” and foliar top dressing with the antistressant “Artafit, VRK” contributed to an increase in the indicators of the crop structure. A high yield of seeds and stems was obtained on variants with the “Megamix. Seeds” fertilizer, the increase in seed yield was 0.03 t /ha, stems — 0.16 t /ha relative to the control. The use of the fertilizer “Megamix. Seeds” together with the growth regulator “Artafit, VRK” and the insectofungicide “Celest Top, KS” increased the yield of seeds by 0.28 and 0.17 t/ha, the yield of stems by 2.2 and 3.32 t/ha.

Засоренность посевов и урожайность сои в зависимости от способов обработки почвы, посева и защиты от сорных растений

The primary soil treatment along with herbicide application plays an important role in decreasing weed number in soybean sowings as this crop is differed with slow growth and is not competitive with weeds in the initial phase of development. The purpose of the research is improvement of soybean cultivation tech-nology through increasing of the efficiency of main technological methods (primary soil treatment, sowing method, and chemical ways of weeds control) on leached black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia that will promote high yield of seeds. The research was conducted in 2020–2022. The experiment scheme includes two sowing methods: wide-row (70 cm inter-row spacing) and common row (15 cm interrow spac-ing); three methods of the primary soil treatment: moldboard (25–27 cm), subsurface (25–27 cm), and surface (12–14 cm) ploughing; three herbicide applications in a phase of 1–3 true leaves: Concept, OD (1.0 l/ha), tank mixtures Geyzer, CCS (2.0 l/ha), Tan-to, CCS (0.75 l/ha), Harmony, DFS (7.0 g/ha), Ba-zagran, WS (3.0 l/ha), and Shogun, EC (1.0 l/ha) (standard). The highest weed infestation of soybean sowings was stated in variants with subsurface and surface soil treatments. The application of Concept and the tank mixture of Harmony, Bazagran, and Shogun was very effective – to 87.7% and 88.3%, respectively. The highest yield (2.57–2.68 t/hа) was obtained in variants with subsurface and surface soil treatments in common row sowing at the application of a herbicide Concept and a tank mixture of Har-mony, Bazagran, Shogun.

EVALUATION OF SEED YIELD AND THOUSAND SEED WEIGHT OF CONFECTIONERY SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) VARIETIES GROWN BY DIFFERENT FARMING TECHNIQUES IN THE NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The paper presents data on the seed yield and thousand seed weight of confectionery sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties cultivated in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The study was conducted on three varieties-populations and one F1 hybrid. The study design included two types of basic tillage, three doses of fertilizer, and three plant densities. The seed yield significantly (P = 0.05) depended on the year of testing (the contribution of the year factor to the total variability was 38.88%), plant density (29.30%) and fertilizer dose (14.43%). It also depended on the tillage type (3.01%) and varietal characteristics (0.87%). The highest yield of seeds (up to 4.24 t/ha) was obtained with moldboard plowing, NPK fertilizer doses of 40:60:60 and 60:80:80 and plant density of 40,800 plants/ha. The thousand seed weight significantly (P=0.05) changed under the influence of the year of testing (32.11%), plant density (26.75%) and variety (25.92%), as well as under the influence of fertilization (3.24%) and tillage (3.75%). The largest thousand seed weight (up to 122.3 g) was obtained with moldboard plowing, NPK fertilizer doses of 40:60:60 and 60:80:80 and plant density of 20,400 plants/ha. Recommendations on the farming technique for confectionery sunflower have been drawn up.

Influence of Sulphur and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

A research trail was conducted in Kharif 2022, at Crop research form, SHUATS, Prayagraj. To study the “Influence of Sulphur and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Economics of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)” The treatments consist of three levels of Sulphur (30. 35 and 40 kg/ha) and three levels of Molybdenum (0.5 %, 1% and 1.5 %). Experiment were laid out in randomized block design with 10 treatments each replicated thrice. The result showed that viz: higher plant height (52.17 cm), No. of nodules/plant (68.50), Plant dry weight (50.67 g), No. of branch/plant (9.05), No. of pods/plant (15.80), No of grain/pod (3.00), Higher Seed yield (2.71 t/ha), Stover Yield (4.30 t/ha), Gross returns (1,46,255.73 INR/ha), Net return (98,838.73 INR/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (1.91) recorded in treatment 9 Sulphur 40kg/ha + Molybdenum (1.5%).

Influence of Sulphur and Zinc on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice on the basis of one year of experimentation. The treatments which are T1: 2% Sulphur+0.5% zinc, T2: 2% Sulphur+ 1% Zinc, T3: 2% Sulphur + 1.5% Zinc, T4: 3% Sulphur + 0.5% Zinc, T5: 3% Sulphur +1% Zinc, T6: 3% Sulphur +1.5% Zinc, T7: 4% Sulphur + 0.5% Zinc, T8: 4% Sulphur+ 1% Zinc, T9: 4% Sulphur +1.5% Zinc, T10 N:P: K 20:40:40 kg/ha. The results showed that application of 4% Sulphur+ 1.5% Zinc was recorded significantly higher plant height (79.17 cm), nodules/ plant (30.93), Plant dry weight (22.83 g/plant), No. of pods/ plant (12.14), Test weight (100.23 g), maximum crop growth rate (8.82g/m2/day). However, higher Seed yield (1.32 t/ha), Stover Yield (3.48 t/ha) gross returns (INR84971.50/ha), net return (INR60594.40/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.28) were obtained with application of 4% Sulphur+1.5% Zinc as compared to other treatments.

Биоэнергетическая оценка производства семян баклажан

Abstract. The aim of work is to determine the bioenergy efficiency of eggplant seed production depending on the variety. Research methodology. In conducting this work we consider the costs: for live labor from growing seedlings to obtaining the finished product; for electricity; energy costs agricultural units and transport. The fruits of eggplant varieties of VNIIOOB - branch of FGBNU "PAFSC RAS" Panthera, Astrakom, Black cylinder, Matrosik in compare with the control variety Albatross were used. The work on cultivation was carried out according to technology generally accepted for Astrakhan region. Research results. The results of the work can be concluded: the highest yield of seeds was noted in the variety Matrosik 712.4 kg/ha, which is 1.1 times higher than the control; in other varieties it is lower than the control by 199.0-281.2 kg/ha. The yield energy efficiency ranged from 100 083.45 MJ/ha (variety Panthera) to 144335.23 MJ/ha (variety Albatross), other varieties occupied an intermediate position. Total yield energy inputs ranged from 32 836.2 MJ/ha to 51 312.1 MJ/ha, with an energy efficiency coefficient of 2.8–3.0 units. The energy efficiency coefficient of seed production at was 1.42–1.67 units. Scientific novelty. For the first time the bioenergetic estimation of eggplant seeds produced by the VNIIOOB, the minimum costs depending on the variety were found that is important for providing the agricultural producers with pure sort seeds of high quality produced in our country. It determined that bioenergetic technology of growing, harvesting and separating seeds are properly selected varieties with high standard yields and good seed yields.

Yield structure of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) under the effect of seeding rate and varietal characteristics

Purpose. To establish an optimal seeding rate for different varieties of crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) based on its influence on the formation of the main elements of the yield structure in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe.
 Methods. Crambe varieties ‘Belenzian’ (USA) and ‘CRA 5/79’ (Germany) were studied in field conditions (Cherkasy region) in the years 2020–2022. The crop was sown at the beginning of May in a continuous row method at seeding rates from 1.0 to 3.5 m seeds per hectare to a depth of 3–5 cm. Before harvesting, the preservation and biometric indicators of the plants were recorded, after which the seed yield was determined. The harvest was harvested by the direct harvesting method at a seed moisture content of 15%.
 Results. Regardless of the seeding rate, the preservation of plants before harvesting (on average according to the experiment) was somewhat higher in the variety ‘Belenzian’ – 72.8 against 70.4% in ‘CRA 5/79’. The lowest indicators in both varieties (64.1–67.6%) were recorded for the lowest sowing rate (1.0 and 1.5 m seeds/ha) and the highest (74.3–78.1%) for the highest seeding rate (3.0 and 3.5 m seeds/ha); the height of the plants was 73–90 cm on average, reaching a maximum in both varieties at seed rates of 2.0 and 2.5 m seeds/ha. An increase in the seeding rate to 3.0–3.5 m seeds/ha led to a significant decrease in plant height. The longest pods (4.7 and 4.5 cm) in variety ‘Belenzian’ were noted for the seeding rate of 1.0 and 1.5 m seeds/ha, while in variety ‘CRA 5/79’, the longest pods (3.3 and 3.5 cm) were obtained for the seeding rate of 2.0 and 2.5 m seeds/ha, respectively. The highest number of pods (144 and 146 in ‘Belenzian’; 130 and 135 in ‘CRA 5/79’), the weight of seeds from one plant (8.51 and 878 g and 8.04 and 8.23 g respectively) and the weight of 1000 seeds (8.78 and 9.00 g and 7.89 and 8.01 g, respectively) were obtained for seeding rate of 2.0 and 2.5 million seeds/ha. At the same seeding rates, the highest seed yield of ‘Belenzian’ was obtained – 2.12 and 2.23 t/ha, respectively, while in ‘CRA 5/79’ 2.04 and 2.00 t/ha of seeds was obtained at the seeding rate of 2.5 and 3.0 m seeds/ha, respectively.
 Conclusions. Seeding rate has a significant impact on the formation of biometric indicators that are the elements of the yield structure and, ultimately, the yield of crambe seeds. The values of most indicators increase with an increase in the seeding rate, reaching a maximum at 2.5 m seeds/ha, and then gradually decreasing. The optimal seeding rate from the point of view of the formation of a high yield of seeds in both crambe varieties is 2.5 m seeds/ha. The research results can be used to improve the elements of cultivation technology for growing crambe in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.

Визначення посухостійкості популяцій люцерни насіннєвого використання за математичними індексами

The purpose of research. To evaluate the response of varieties and populations of seed alfalfa under different environments and to determine the best not only in terms of drought resistance, but also in terms of productivity under stress conditions with their further use in the breeding process. Methods. Research was conducted at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of the NAAS (now the Institute of climate smart agriculture of the NAAS) during 2017–2020. The object of study was 24 alfalfa populations for seed use. Resistance of alfalfa genotypes to stress was carried out using various mathematical indices and biplot analysis. Results. The hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) in 2017, 2018 and 2020 varied between 0.51 and 0.55, indicating very dry climatic conditions, while in 2019 it was 0.88, corresponding to dry conditions. 11 populations were characterized by high yield (>400 kg/ha) under stressful conditions. However, the best of these populations, which formed the highest seed productivity in the range of 445.5–472.1 kg/ha, A.–N. d. No. 15, Sin(c). / Prymorka and M.g. / CPU–11. According to the largest number of indices (9), the populations of A.–N. d. No. 15 and Sin(s). / Prymorka. Populations of M.g. / CP–11, which was characterized by the highest yield under stress, stood out according to four indices. The population T. / Emeraude population, which was characterized by one of the smallest reductions in yield and high yield under worse conditions, was distinguished by seven indices. Correlations between seed yield under different growing conditions and drought resistance indices were also analyzed. According to the results of GGE biplot analysis, the most drought–resistant population of M.g. / CP–11, Sin(s) population. / Prymorka and A.–N.d. No. 15 form a high yield of seeds under both conditions, and the selection according to k.s. has low productivity under worse conditions, but dramatically improves it when growing conditions are improved. Conclusions. The most promising alfalfa populations are identified and divided into groups by seed productivity.

Seed Yield, Crude Protein and Mineral Nutrients of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated across Diverse Environments under Organic and Conventional Farming

Lentil is an important legume crop for human and animal dietary needs due to its high nutritional value. The effect of genotype and growing environment was studied on seed yield (SY), crude protein (CP) and mineral nutrients (macro and micronutrients) of five lentil genotypes grown at four diverse locations for two consecutive years under organic and conventional farming. The location within each year was considered as a separate environment (E). Data were subjected to over environment two-way analysis of variance, while a genotype (G) plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis was performed. Our results indicated the E as the main source of variation (62.3-99.8%) for SY, CP and macronutrients for both farming systems, while for micronutrients it was either the E or the G × E interaction. Different environments were identified as ideal for the parameters studied: E6 (Larissa/Central Greece/2020) produced the higher CP values (organic: 32.0%, conventional: 27.5%) and showed the highest discriminating ability that was attributed to the lowest precipitation during the crucial period of pod filling. E7 (Thessaloniki/Central Macedonia/2020) and E8 (Orestiada/Thrace/2020) had fertile soils and ample soil moisture and were the most discriminating for high micronutrient content under both farming systems. Location Orestiada showed the highest SY for both organic (1.87-2.28 t ha-1) and conventional farming (1.56-2.89 t ha-1) regardless the year of cultivation and is proposed as an ideal location for lentil cultivation or for breeding for high SY. Genotypes explained a low percentage of the total variability; however, two promising genotypes were identified. Cultivar "Samos" demonstrated a wide adaptation capacity exhibiting stable and high SY under both organic and conventional farming, while the red lentil population "03-24L" showed very high level of seed CP, Fe and Mn contents regardless E or farming system. This genetic material could be further exploited as parental material aiming to develop lentil varieties that could be utilized as "functional" food or consist of a significant feed ingredient.

Induction of Genetic Variability in Cowpea Variety Videza for Extra Earliness and High Seed Yield using Gamma Irradiation Mutagenesis

Background: Cowpea yields are very low in the West African region due to the prevalence of drought periods. This work, therefore, aimed at developing cowpea genotypes that combine early maturity with high seed yield, through gamma irradiation mutagenesis. Methods: A farmer preferred cowpea variety Videza was improved via gamma mutagenesis. A determined lethal dose 50% (LD50) of 240 Gy was used to irradiate 2000 seeds of Videza by applying a Cobalt 60 source. Selected M1 generation plants exhibiting early maturity and high seed yield were advanced to M2 and further to M3 using Videza as parental control. Result: Compared to the control Videza, the number of days to 90% maturity significantly decreased in putative mutants in the M2 (from 71 days in the control to between 50 and 66 days in mutants) and further decreased in the M3 where mutants matured 10-22 days earlier than the control. Significant increment in 100-seed weight per plant occurred in the M3 mutants. In the M3, 100-seed weight increased from 15.28 g in Videza to 21.71 g, the highest in mutants. Twelve putative mutants were identified that combine early maturity with higher seed yield than the control.

Влияние абиотических факторов Среднего Предуралья на продуктивность многолетних бобовых трав

Abstract. The aim of the research is to study the influence of abiotic conditions and age of the eastern galega and the bird's-foot trefoil herbage on their fodder and seed productivity in the Middle Cis-Urals. Research methods. The influence of the studied factors on the yield of dry aboveground biomass and seeds of galega Gale and birds-foot Solnyshko was studied on the basis of the results of field experiments laid down at the Udmurt Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, UdmFRC UB RAS in 1995–2005 and 2010–2017. The effect of moistening conditions during the growing seasons on grass productivity was assessed using the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). Scientific novelty. Under the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals, the dependence of fodder and seed productivity of eastern galega and birds-foot trefoil on the moistening conditions of the growing season and the herbage age was revealed. Results. It was established that the fodder (8.5 t/ha) and seed (250 kg/ha) productivity of the eastern galega remained at a fairly high level during 10 years of research. The birds-foot trefoil formed the highest dry matter yield (3.8–6.4 t/ha) in the second-fourth years of herbage use. A high seed yield of 304 and 163 kg/ha, respectively, was obtained in the 1st and 2nd years of use. Galega provided a high yield of dry matter and seeds, both in dry (HTC = 0.69) and relatively wet (HTC = 1.50 ..1.69) years. The birds-foot is also able to form a dry matter collection at the level of 4.4–6.4 t/ha both in dry conditions (HTC = 0.67...0.87) and with excessive moisture (HTC = 1.67…1.97). The seed productivity of this crop was dependent on the abiotic conditions of the growing season. Dry conditions of the growing season, especially in the phase of flowering - maturation of seeds, contributed to obtaining a high yield of birds-foot trefoil seeds. To form a seed yield of at least 300 kg/ha, it is necessary the duration of the seed ripening phase is not more than 30 days with an average daily air temperature in this phase of 20 °C, a total precipitation of 120 mm and a HTC of not more than 1.4.

Effect of Spacing on Yield and Economics of Varieties of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) to study about the Effect of Spacing on Yield and Economics of Varieties of black gram. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice by keeping three Spacing and Varieties levels, the treatments which are T1: 25 cm x 20 cm + SHEKHAR 2 Variety, T2: 25 cm x 20 cm + PANT U-35 Variety, T3: 25 cm x 20 cm + T9 Variety, T4: 30 cm x 15 cm + SHEKHAR 2 Variety, T5: 30 cm x 15 cm + PANT U-35 Variety, T6: 30 cm x 15 cm + T9 Variety, T7: 45 cm x 10 cm + SHEKHAR 2 Variety, T8: 45 cm x 10 cm + PANT U-35 Variety, T9: 45 cm x 10 cm + T9 Variety used. The results showed that spacing of 45 cm x 10 cm + SHEKHAR 2 Variety was recorded significantly pods/plant (64.64), Seeds/pod (8.20), Test weight (38.50 g) whereas maximum crop growth rate (4.36 g/m2/day) was recorded with treatment with Spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm + T9 Variety. However, higher Seed yield (1062.86 kg/ha), gross returns (Rs. 63771.6/ha), net return (Rs. 39866.95/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.66) were obtained with application of 30 cm x 15 cm + SHEKHAR 2 Variety as compared to other treatments. Therefore, I concluded that spacing of 30cm x 15cm + SHEKHAR 2 Variety was produced more grains and economic effective.

Influence of abiotic factors of the Middle Cis-Urals on fodder and seed productivity of bird’s-foot trefoil

The article analyzes the influence of the abiotic factors of the Middle Cis-Urals and the age of the grass stand on the fodder and seed productivity of the bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) Solnyshko. It was revealed that in 2-4 years of use, the yield of dry matter reaches 5.3-6.4 t/ha. At the same time, bird’s-foot is able to provide a high collection of dry matter, both in arid conditions and with excessive moisture in the growing season. Seed productivity of bird’s foot was higher in the 1st and 2nd years of use – 304 and 163 kg/ha, respectively. Arid conditions of the growing season, especially in the phase of flowering -ripening of seeds, contribute to obtaining a high yield of seeds. Of the seven years of research, conditions close to those indicated were created in 43%.

A Preliminary Study for Identifying Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Seed Production in Radish Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing

The high yield of seeds can reduce the cost of seed production for parental lines, as well as F1 cultivars in radish. The number of seeds per silique and silique length are two important traits among traits determining seed yield, but no study has been conducted on their quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in radish. A high-density linkage map was constructed, based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of the F2 population, derived from two parental lines, significantly differed by the two traits, which were grown in a controlled environment to minimize the environmental effects. Using the map with 848 SNPs, three significant QTLs were identified, two and one of which were associated with the number of seeds per silique and silique length, respectively. Ortholog analysis was conducted with Arabidopsis thaliana genes, related to the number of seeds per silique, and revealed five radish putative candidate genes. These putative candidate genes appear to be related to ovule, embryo sac, embryo, pollen and seed development, as well as a double fertilization process. The method to pollinate the F2 population, as well as preliminary QTLs and SNPs therein, can be helpful for future QTL studies to improve seed production in radish breeding programs.

Impact of planting timing on seed yields and productive longevity of eastern goat rue (Galega orientales Lam)

Eastern goat’s rue (Galega orientales Lam.) has a complex of economically useful features, which makes it a priority introduced fodder crop in different soil and climatic zones. The initial stages of ontogenesis determine the development of plants and the amount of seed yield of goat’s rue for the next year. In the first year, goat’s rue plants develop slowly, which requires its early sowing. It was found that the highest fullness of sprouts in the range of 50-61% was noted when goat’s rue was sown in the period from May 25 to June 5. Moisture conditions of vegetation seasons have a decisive influence on growth and development of plants in the year of sowing and their preservation during the overwintering period. The highest yield of seeds in the 1st year of using was when sowing goat’s rue from the beginning of May to the middle of the first decade of June which provided accumulation of the sum of effective air temperatures 1409,5-1125,00C and amount of precipitation within the range 373,9-335,7 mm from shoots to the end of vegetation in the year of sowing and 1208,30C with 274,9 mm of precipitation in the second year before harvesting. The highest seed yields in the range of 466-560 kg/ha yieldwere obtained from goat’s rue crops of May and June sowing dates. The influence of sowing dates on seed yields was evident during the first two years. In subsequent years, the value of seed yield is leveled.

Formation of oil flax yields when using biological drugs in the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine

It is noted that flax oil is a promising object in the system of biology of agricultural production, since it has a positive effect on the state of agrophytocoenosis and has a wide nutritional medical and cosmetic application. Production of oilseeds for food and medical purposes should be based on the use of biological preparations of abbrevy, protective and growth of regulatory action. The use of biological preparations on flax crops can improve plant nutrition, provide high-quality protection and contributes to the stability of agrocenoses affected by intensive chemicalization. Modern biological poly functional preparations provide phytohormonal regulation of basic physiological processes in plant organisms and contribute to adaptation to adverse environmental factors such as drought and thermal stress. The purpose of the work is to study the influence of biological preparations on the formation of indicators of oil flax productivity for seed treatment and soliloin feeding of crops during the growing season. The research was carried out on dark chestnut heavy loamy soils in the indigestable crop rotation of the southern Steppe of Ukraine. The object of research is microbiological preparations Ecophosforin, Binok TK, Asphosforin and organic fertilizer Bio-gel, which were used in accordance with the regulations. The experiment used the vera variety, which was grown in compliance with zonal technology. In accordance with the recommendations, biological preparations were used by pre-sowing treatment of seeds on the eve of sowing and spraying plants in the "Christmas tree" phase with a hand sprayer. It has been proved that the use of drugs, improving the nutritional and vital activity of plants, increased the number of boxes and seeds formed by one plant. The use of drugs Ecophosforin and Bio-gel has shown the greatest positive effect on the formation of elements of oil flax productivity compared to control and other options. The average seed weight from one plant was the highest with the double use of organic fertilizer Bio-gel (0.37 g), as well as in the treatment of seeds ecophosforin (0.35 g) and Bio-gel (0.36 g). Treatment of seeds with microbiological preparation Ecophosforin and organic fertilizer Bio-gel increases yield by 0.22 and 0.35 t /ha. Microbiological drug Azotophosforin should be used for processing seeds and crops in the "Christmas tree" phase, which ensures an increase in the yield of oil flax by 0.21 t / ha. The highest yield of seeds was provided by the treatment of seeds with organic fertilizer Bio-gel 0.99 t / ha among microbiological preparations Ecophosforin 0.86 t / ha.

Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

Response of early maturity soybean cultivars to row spacing in full-season crop and double-crop systems

Cultivar selection and crop systems are important factors for maximising soybean seed yield. The effect of row spacing (RS1 = 75 cm, RS2 = 25 cm) on the performance of 10 early maturity soybean cultivars grown in full-season and double-crop system for two consecutive years was studied. The agronomic traits measured were seed yield (SY), plant height (PH), pods per plant (PP), first pod height (FPH), crude protein. RS had a significant effect on SY, PH, PP and FPH. Higher SY (P < 0.01) was recorded in RS2 regardless of the crop system. The double-crop system yield reduction index of the tested cultivars ranged from 30.0% to 56.4% and from 21.5% to 57.2% for RS1 and RS2, respectively. Cultivars differed (P < 0.01) for all traits in both RS and crop systems. Maturity Group I cultivars showed the highest productivity; the cultivars PR92B63 and Atlantic were better adapted to the full-season crop system (SY > 5.67 t/ha); cv. Sphera was the most productive in the double-crop system (4.66 t/ha); cv. PR92M22 showed good adaptability to both cropping systems. In conclusion, the significant effect of RS and crop system on SY was observed, whereas different high yielding cultivars were identified as suitable for full-season and double-crop system.

Peculiarities of the soybean gene pool under irrigation in the south of Ukraine

The study aim was to investigate the genetic diversity of plant collections under irrigation, to select valuable genotypes, basing in multi-year studies, and to use them for creating new varieties and unique information for breeders and researchers. Results and Discussion. The article presents the results of studying soybean accessions, which were introduced in 2016-2020, in the Breeding Department of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. Thirty-seven new soybean accessions have been studied. Using correlation analysis, we found that the plant height, the lowest pod attachment height, the productive node number on branches, the number of additional branches per plant, the pod and seed numbers per plant the most significantly and directly correlated with the performance (seed weight per plant). Reference accessions have been chosen for the following characteristics: high 1000-seed weight (B 19/622, UD0202677 (KAZ)); very short length of the “seedlings-full ripeness” period (Aktai, UKR01200 (HUN), А 9/562, UD0201408 (KAZ)); large lowest pod attachment height above the soil level (A 16/145, UD0201414; A 14/253, UD0202637 (KAZ)); high seed yield (B 46/6-, UD0201425 (KAZ)). Some varieties have been distinguished due to several economically valuable traits: very short length of the “seedlings-full ripeness” period and moderate lowest pod attachment height above the soil level; short length of the “seedlings-full ripeness” period and disease and drought resistance; large lowest pod attachment height above the soil level and resistance to diseases and drought; high yield of seeds, disease resistance and ultra early ripeness; high 1000-seed weight, disease and drought resistance; ultra early ripeness and yield. Conclusions. Enrichment of the collection with new soybean accessions, investigations and involvement of them in breeding is a way to create high-yielding soybean varieties adapted to irrigation, resistant to diseases and lodging.

Выращивание клевера белого на семенные цели в Кировской области

The results of studies on the formation of seed herbage of white clover varieties Lugovik of the second year of life are presented, the productivity of herbage and seed yield in variants of experiment is given. The yield of green mass differs significantly over the years. This is due to the fact that in 2020 the herbage dried up on the root, it became possible to get good hay. Of all the variants, the highest yield of seeds was collected from plots where white clover grew in its pure form, the lowest yield was in a mixture of white clover with pasture ryegrass. Thus, the cultivation of white clover "Lu-govik" in the conditions of sod-podzolic soils of the Kirov region is more effective in its pure form.