High-intensity Training Research Articles

Research and design of key technology and system architecture on simulation confrontation training

Aiming at the problems of unreal training scenes, unintelligent training agents and difficult data interaction in the process of simulation confrontation training, this paper combines image processing, neural network, GBB(general blackboard) technologies with system simulation technology, research around realistic complex environment modeling technology, confrontation agents modeling technology, and multi-model data interaction technology, then puts forward practical solutions. On this basis, a simulation confrontation training system integrating training management, scene development and resource management is designed, which provides a feasible idea and reference for the construction of an immersive, high-intensity and agile interactive confrontation training environment.

Investigation and analysis of training injury and its psychological effects on firefighters in Beijing A cross-sectional study.

Firefighters' high-intensity training often leads to injuries in the musculoskeletal system. Studies have found that these injuries in the musculoskeletal system may contribute to poor psychological issues. At the same time, low psychological well-being increases the risk of injuries, illness, and mortality. According to research reports, firefighters generally have a good psychological state. So this study aims to survey and analyze the training-related injuries and psychological states of firefighting and rescue personnel in Beijing. This cross-sectional study employed a questionnaire survey to gather data from a total of 214 firefighters in a certain city. The participants were required to complete a questionnaire about musculoskeletal injuries and psychological status, and then these data were statistically analyzed. The incidence of training-related injuries is relatively high among firefighting and rescue teams, with the highest proportions observed in the lower back, knees, and ankles. Overweight and obese firefighters are more prone to ankle injuries. In the group with injuries, the subjective well-being index is lower compared to the group without injuries. Firefighters experiencing moderate to severe pain due to injuries exhibit lower subjective well-being indices compared to those with mild pain. Psychological resilience and the impact of pain on training and sleep can predict the subjective well-being index of firefighters. It is recommended that firefighting and rescue teams enhance preventive measures for musculoskeletal injuries during training to elevate the subjective well-being of firefighters.

Acute upper and lower limb hemodynamic responses during single sessions of low- versus high-intensity inspiratory muscle strength training.

Inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) has shown potential to improve both respiratory and cardiovascular function in health and disease. Less is known about acute hemodynamic responses to a single IMST session, therefore we assessed upper and lower limb blood flow via Doppler ultrasound in the brachial and popliteal arteries, respectively. Mean, anterograde, and retrograde blood flow (BF) and shear rate (SR) were assessed relative to baseline during low-intensity (15% maximal inspiratory pressure - PImax) and high-intensity (75% PImax) IMST. During low-intensity IMST, popliteal BF and SR were reduced by ∼10%, and brachial BF and SR were reduced by ∼40%. During high-intensity IMST, popliteal BF and SR were reduced by ∼20%, and brachial BF and SR were reduced by ∼35%. BF and SR responses were not statistically different between low-intensity and high-intensity training for either blood vessel (P > 0.05). In addition, anterograde BF and SR were significantly decreased in the brachial artery for both low-intensity and high-intensity training (P < 0.05), but not the popliteal artery (P > 0.05). Finally, during IMST retrograde BF and SR were significantly increased in both the upper and lower limbs during low-intensity and high-intensity training (P < 0.05). These data provide novel insight into the acute BF and SR responses to a single bout of IMST and may enhance our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which IMST imparts its beneficial chronic effects on cardiovascular function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that upper and lower limb blood flow and shear rate patterns are altered during a single bout of IMST, at low- and high-intensity training. Specifically, anterograde blood flow and shear rate are significantly reduced in the brachial artery, whereas retrograde blood flow is significantly elevated in both the brachial and popliteal arteries. These findings provide insight into the vascular impact of IMST, which may inform future mechanistic studies.

Both moderate- and high-intensity exercise training increase intramyocellular lipid droplet abundance and modify myocellular distribution in adults with obesity.

Exercise training modifies lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, but the effect of exercise training on intramyocellular lipid droplet (LD) abundance, size, and intracellular distribution in adults with obesity remains elusive. This study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with more conventional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on intramyocellular lipid content, as well as LD characteristics (size and number) and abundance within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SS) regions of type I and type II skeletal muscle fibers in adults with obesity. Thirty-six adults with obesity [body mass index (BMI) = 33 ± 3 kg/m2] completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of either HIIT (10 × 1 min, 90% HRmax + 1-min active recovery; n = 19) or MICT (45-min steady-state exercise, 70% HRmax; n = 17), while on a weight-maintaining diet throughout training. Skeletal muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis before and after training, and intramyocellular lipid content and intracellular LD distribution were measured by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both MICT and HIIT increased total intramyocellular lipid content by more than 50% (P < 0.01), which was attributed to a greater LD number per µm2 in the IMF region of both type I and type II muscle fibers (P < 0.01). Our findings also suggest that LD lipophagy (autophagy-mediated LD degradation) may be transiently upregulated the day after the last exercise training session (P < 0.02 for both MICT and HIIT). In summary, exercise programs for adults with obesity involving either MICT or HIIT increased skeletal muscle LD abundance via a greater number of LDs in the IMF region of the myocyte, thereby providing more lipid in close proximity to the site of energy production during exercise.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, 12 wk of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhanced skeletal muscle lipid abundance by increasing lipid droplet number within the intramyofibrillar (IMF) region of muscle. Because the IMF associates with high energy production during muscle contraction, this adaptation may enhance lipid oxidation during exercise. Despite differences in training intensity and energy expenditure between MICT and HIIT, their effects on muscle lipid abundance and metabolism were remarkably similar.

Sex differences in hemodynamic response to high-intensity interval exercise.

Sex differences in the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response to exercise exist due to differences in heart size, blood volume, and hemoglobin mass, eliciting higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max ) in men versus women. Data are equivocal whether sex differences in training responsiveness occur. This study investigated potential sex differences in the hemodynamic response (stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO)) to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Habitually active men (n = 15) and women (n = 13) underwent VO2max testing, followed by three HIIE sessions consisting of the 4 × 4, 10 × 1, and reduced exertion high-intensity training (REHIT), whose order was randomized. During exercise, oxygen uptake (VO2 ) and hemodynamic responses were determined. Results showed no sex difference in peak relative VO2 (p = 0.263), CO (p = 0.277), or SV (p = 0.116), although absolute values were higher in men (p < 0.05). Peak absolute (127.3 ± 20.6 vs. 115.2 ± 16.6 mL/beat, p = 0.004, d = 0.66) and relative SV (111.0 ± 15.5 vs. 100.7 ± 11.1% max, p = 0.005, d = 0.78) were higher with REHIT versus 4 × 4. No sex differences in mean relative VO2 , CO, or SV occurred (p > 0.05). Data showed lower mean VO2 during REHIT versus 4 × 4 (59.3 ± 6.8 vs. 65.8 ± 5.8 %VO2max , p < 0.001, d = 1.05) and 10 × 1 (59.3 ± 6.8 vs. 69.1 ± 7.4 %VO2max , p < 0.001, d = 1.4). Mean CO was lower in REHIT than 10 × 1 (79.8 ± 8.6 vs. 84.0 ± 7.4% max, p = 0.012, d = 0.53). Previously reported differences in VO2max response to HIIE may not be due to unique hemodynamic responses.

Preoperative high-intensity strength training combined with balance training can improve early outcomes after total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundTo investigate the effect of preoperative high-intensity strength training combined with balance training on the knee function of end-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA prospective study was conducted on end-stage KOA patients awaiting TKA. The patients were divided into an experimental group and a control group according to whether they received a preoperative training intervention. The differences in knee flexor–extensor strength, knee range of motion (ROM), timed up and go (TUG) test result, stair ascend/descend test result, Knee Society score (KSS) and Berg balance scale (BBS) score were assessed in both groups at baseline (T1), before operation (T2), 3 months after operation (T3), and 1 year after operation (T4).ResultsAfter high-intensity strength training and balance training, the knee flexor–extensor strength, TUG test result, stair ascend/descend test result, and KSS were all significantly improved at T2 in the experimental group over the control group. At T3, the knee ROM, knee flexor–extensor strength, TUG test result, BBS score, and KSS clinical and functional scores were all significantly superior in the experimental group. The experimental group enjoyed a superiority in KSS clinical and functional scores until T4. Group × time and between-group interactions were found in all assessment indicators in both groups (p < 0.01).ConclusionPreoperative high-intensity strength training combined with balance training can enhance the knee flexor–extensor strength and balance of patients with end-stage KOA in the short term and help improve early outcomes after KOA.Trial registration ChiCTR2000032857, 2020-05-13.

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL OVERUSE INJURIES AMONG MALAYSIAN ELITE ATHLETES DURING THE PREPARATION PHASE FOR INTERNATIONAL SPORT COMPETITION

Intensive training with a high volume of training in preparation for the tournament may predispose athletes to overuse injuries. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal overuse injuries among Malaysian athletes during the pre-competition phase. A 13-week prospective cohort study was conducted, including 100 elite athletes representing Malaysia at Commonwealth Games, Asian Games and World Championships. Data on overuse injuries were collected every second week using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire. The average weekly prevalence of overuse injuries was calculated using the questionnaire results. A total of 119 cases of substantial overuse condition were reported, which were in the back (35 cases), knee (31 cases), ankle (28 cases), and shoulder (25 cases), affecting 100 athletes (100% of the cohort). About 42.5 % of the participants classified themselves as having substantial overuse problems, leading to a moderate (71%) or severe (29%) reduction in sports participation or performance or inability to participate in high-performance activities. The average weekly severity score for the back was 16, 12 cases for the shoulder, and the same score of 14 cases for the knee and ankle. Overuse injuries occurred among elite Malaysian athletes during the preparation and training phase for international competition due to the rapid intensity of the training. This study suggests that a guideline is needed for injury prevention strategies for the benefit of Malaysian athletes to prevent injuries.

Androgenic-anabolic steroids use among women: prevalence of use and intention to use among those with high-intensity functional training practice

ABSTRACT Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use among women has raising over years, especially due to aesthetic motivation, but performance improvement is another motivation. Since high-intensity functional training (HIFT) exhibits an intrinsic competitive aspect, we investigated the AAS use among women HIFT practitioners. Methods Using the “virtual snowball,” 291 Brazilian women HIFT practitioners answered an online survey. Results The prevalence of AAS use was 22%, but the use after the HIFT adherence was 15%. Among those who never used, 12.3% reported intention to use. Age, marital status, and time of training were significantly associated with AAS use. Aesthetics was the main motivation for use, and 59.7% reported using it on medical advice. The main motivation was aesthetics, but it seems to have a trend to change the motivation for performance improvement over aesthetics, especially among women with longer training time. Conclusion The prevalence of AAS use was high; however, it seems that HIFT adherence is not a factor raising the prevalence of AAS use among physically active women. Additionally, the motivation for AAS use among women HIFT practitioners seems to be trending toward change, increasing the motivation for performance improvement over aesthetic motivation, especially among women with longer HIFT adherence time.

Investigation of the Effect of High-Intensity Training on Mineral and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism of Athletes

ABSTRACTIt is observed that there are physiological changes in the organism as a result of long-term training, but the mineral and hormonal effects of regular and submaximal exercises have not been fully revealed. This study was conducted to determine the effect of eight-week high-intensity training on mineral and thyroid hormone metabolism of badminton athletes. The research group consisted of 24 volunteer male athletes licensed in the badminton branch. Considering the badminton competition period, an eight-week, ninety-minute training program was applied to the research group, three days a week. Within the scope of the training, 10-15 minutes of warm-up time, 50-60 minutes of badminton training and studies to improve basic motoric features, and 5-10 minutes of cool-down exercises were made at the end of the training. Blood samples were taken from the athletes in the research group twice, before the start of the training program and at the end of the training. In the blood samples taken as a result of the training, the athletes; thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4), sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, levels were determined. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS 22 package program and the significance was accepted as p0.05. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the thyroid hormone metabolism, TSH and T3 pre-post test values of the athletes (p0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the T4 values and the pre-post test values (p0.05). When the mineral levels of the athletes were evaluated as a result of the training, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium pre-post-test levels (p0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the calcium pre-post-test level (p0.05). As a result, it was observed that eight-week high-intensity training caused changes on the mineral and thyroid hormone metabolism of the athletes. In this context if the trainings to be applied are designed considering these physiological changes, it will positively affect the performance of the athlete.Keywords: Badminton, Mineral Metabolism, Thyroid Hormones, Training

Moderate- and High-Intensity Endurance Training Alleviate Diabetes-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats.

Exercise training is an encouraging approach to treat cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the impact of its intensity is not understood. We aim to investigate whether and, if so, how moderate-intensity training (MIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) alleviate adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in rats with T2DM. Male rats received standard chow (n = 10) or Western diet (WD) to induce T2DM. Hereafter, WD rats were subjected to a 12-week sedentary lifestyle (n = 8), running MIT (n = 7) or HIIT (n = 7). Insulin resistance and glucose tolerance were assessed during the oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were evaluated. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements evaluated cardiac function. Underlying cardiac mechanisms were investigated by histology, western blot and colorimetry. We found that MIT and HIIT lowered insulin resistance and blood glucose levels compared to sedentary WD rats. MIT decreased harmful plasma AGE levels. In the heart, MIT and HIIT lowered end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular wall thickness and interstitial collagen deposition. Cardiac citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial oxidative capacity marker, raised after both exercise training modalities. We conclude that MIT and HIIT are effective in alleviating diastolic dysfunction and pathological cardiac remodeling in T2DM, by lowering fibrosis and optimizing mitochondrial capacity.

Upper body compression wear improves muscle oxygenation following intense video game training: a randomized cross-over study among competitive gamers

BackgroundEsport players require a high number of action moves per minute to play, with substantial contractions of the wrist extensor muscles. Players frequently suffer from acute fatigue. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of below the elbow compression sleeves on Sm02 during intense aim training. Secondly, to examine players’ performance and perception with and without compression.MethodsThis study was conducted at the New York Institute of Technology and enrolled fifteen collegiate esport players, 2 women and 13 men (age 21.2 ± 2.2). All subjects signed written consent. Participants performed 3 high intensity bouts of an aim trainer followed by a 15-minute rest before doing another 3 bouts of high intensity training conducting the other arm of the study. The compression wear order was randomized. The primary outcome included Sm02 of the extensor carpi radialis longus using near-infrared spectrometry. Secondary outcomes included Kills Per Second (KPS), Score, Total Time to Kill (TTK), accuracy, and perceived performance.ResultsFollowing 15 min of recovery, there was a significant rise in Sm02 while wearing the compression sleeve compared to no compression sleeve (p = 0.004). No change in Sm02 was seen while gaming. In trials 1 and 2, wearing the compression sleeve resulted in a significant increase in KPS and score when compared to not wearing it (p = 0.002,0.006). Although TTK and accuracy did not alter, 46.7% of participants believed the compression sleeve aided their performance.ConclusionsThis study provides support that wearing below the elbow upper body compression sleeves while performing high intensity gaming may reduce fatigue, improve muscle recovery and gaming performance.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05037071. Registered 08/09/2021. URL: Arm Compression on Muscle Oxygen Saturation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov

Effects of Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Nutritional Approaches on Body Composition and Bone Density in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are affected by a wide range of disabilities, including a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and a worsening of body composition (BC), which negatively impact their quality of life quality. This study aims to analyze the effects of nonpharmacological interventions-in particular, physical activity, nutritional approaches, and rehabilitation-on BC and BMD in pwMS. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the updated version of the PRISMA guidelines. In July 2022, five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science) and gray literature were screened. Relevant articles published between 1 January 1990 and 1 September 2022 in any language were included. Outcomes of interest were anthropometric, BC measures, and BMD. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. After duplicates elimination, 1120 records were screened, and 36 studies were included. A total of 25 articles were focused on physical activity and rehabilitation, 10 on nutrition, and 1 on multimodal intervention. One-third of the studies were judged to be at high risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed a high degree of heterogeneity due to the high variability in disease severity and intervention duration, intensity, frequency, and type. In general, no intervention showed consistent positive effects on BC. However, the most promising interventions seemed to be high-intensity training and ketogenic diets. Only a few studies considered BMD, and the results are inconsistent. Nevertheless, more studies are needed in order to confirm these results.

"We want more": perspectives of sarcopenic older women on the feasibility of high-intensity progressive resistance exercises and a whey-protein nutrition intervention.

This qualitative study is nested within a 12-week pilot randomized-controlled, two-arm trial involving high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) or PRT with a multi-nutrient, whey-protein supplementation (PRT+WP) in sarcopenic older adults (trial registration no: TCTR20230703001). The aim was to investigate sarcopenic participants' perceptions and barriers to this multi-modal intervention strategy that may accelerate "real-world" implementation. Eighteen older adults (one man) with possible sarcopenia were invited to join the study, of whom 16 women were randomized to a thrice-weekly PRT (n = 8) program (80% of 1-repetitive maximum, six resistance band exercises) only or PRT plus daily weekday milk-based WP supplementation (PRT+WP, n = 8). Muscle strength (handgrip and 5-times sit-to-stand), mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), performance (Short Physical Performance Battery and stair ascent-descent), and nutrition status (Mini Nutritional Assessment) were assessed for changes. We randomly selected eight women for the semi-structured interview. Post-intervention, eight (50%) women were sarcopenia-free, six (38%) remained in possible sarcopenia, one (6%) improved to sarcopenia, and one (6%) deteriorated from possible to severe sarcopenia. There were no significant between-group differences, but significant within-group improvements (p < 0.05) were detected for handgrip strength (PRT+WP 5.0 kg, d = 0.93; PRT 6.1 kg, d = 0.55), 5-times sit-to-stand time (PRT 2.0 s, d = 1.04), nutrition score (PRT+WP 3.44, d = 0.52; PRT 1.80, d = 0.44), and stair ascent time (PRT+WP 0.97 s, d = 0.77; PRT 0.75 s, d = 0.97). Our thematic analyses identified four main themes, namely, (1) perceived benefits, (2) sustaining behavior changes, (3) challenges in participating, and (4) improved wellbeing. Participants expressed how they initially were skeptical and doubted that they could complete the exercises or tolerate the milk-based WP supplements. However, they reported positive experiences and benefits felt from strength gains, increased confidence, and better physical abilities. Participants were surprised by the zero adverse effects of WP supplements. The women wanted more nutritional information and structured, guided exercise programs and suggested a community-based implementation. In conclusion, our findings showed PRT was well received and may support reduced risks of sarcopenia. No added benefits were seen with the addition of WP supplementation, but a larger sample is required to address this question. Overall, older (previously sarcopenic) Malay women indicated that they want more multi-modal programs embedded in their community.

Effects of adding high-intensity training during an 8-week period on maximal oxygen uptake in 12-year-old youth athletes.

Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max ) increases during adolescence parallel to the increase in fat-free mass (FFM). How much endurance training adds to this effect is still controversial. Our aim was to investigate if inclusion of high-intensity training (HIT) during an 8-week training period was superior to low-intensity strength and coordination training in 12-year-old youth athletes concerning the effect on V̇O2max . Thirty-five cross-country skiers were randomized into a HIT group (ET) and a strength and coordination group (SC), while 29 less active peers served as controls for growth and maturation (C). Anthropometrics and V̇O2max were assessed before and after the training period, and level of physical activity and training were monitored with accelerometers, training logs and a questionnaire. The number of weekly training sessions were higher for ET (4.6 ± 1.2) and SC (4.1 ± 1.0) compared with C (1.8 ± 2.0) (p < 0.01), with only ET conducting HIT sessions (1.9 ± 0.2 per week). C spent more time sedentary and less time in moderate and vigorous activity compared with ET (p < 0.05). All groups had a similar %-change pre-post in absolute V̇O2max (mL min-1 ) of 6% ± 6% for ET (p < 0.01), 5% ± 7 for SC (p = 0.14), and 5% ± 13% for C (p = 0.03), with no significant differences between groups. V̇O2max relative to FFM did not change significantly for any groups. The change in V̇O2max paralleled the change in FFM for all groups, questioning the effect of HIT on V̇O2max over an 8-week period in youth athletes.

Treadmill running intensity and post-exercise increase in plasma cardiac troponin I and T-A pilot study in healthy volunteers.

Plasma concentrations of cardiac troponins increase in healthy individuals after strenuous training, but the response to lower exercise intensities has not been characterized. To determine whether exercise at moderate intensity significantly increases plasma cardiac troponins measured with different assays in healthy recreational athletes. Twenty-four self-reported healthy volunteers were instructed to complete three 60-min bouts of treadmill running at variable intensities: High-intensity training (HIT) including a maximal exercise test and an anaerobic threshold test followed by training at 80%-95% of maximum heart rate (HRmax ), Moderate-intensity training (MIT) at 60%-75% of HRmax , and Low-intensity training (LIT) at 45%-55% of HRmax . Blood samples were collected before and at 2, 4, and 6 h after HIT and 4 h after MIT and LIT. Troponin I and T were measured in plasma samples with assays from Abbot, Siemens, and Roche. Plasma troponins measured with all assays were significantly increased compared to baseline after HIT but not after LIT. After HIT, the fraction of all participants with one or more values above the assay-specific 99th percentiles ranged from 13% to 61%. The biomarker criteria for acute myocardial injury were met after HIT for troponin T in 75% of female participants having no clinical evidence of coronary artery disease. High-intensity, but not moderate- or low-intensity, training for 60 min induced a potentially clinically significant increase in plasma cardiac troponins in healthy volunteers. Results exceeding the population 99th percentiles were most frequent with the troponin T assay.

The Effect of Two Types of Intense Interval and Resistance Training and Grape Seed Oil on the Expression of Selected Genes Involved in the Oxidation of Free Fatty Acids in the Gastrocnemius and Soleus Muscles of Male Rats

Background: This research aimed to investigate the effect of resistance and high-intense interval training and the consumption of grape seed oil on the expression of HADHA, CPT1, and CD36 genes in male rats' gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (250 ± 25g) were divided into six groups. The resistance training group performed the training in 3 weekly sessions for 8 weeks, and the interval training group performed high-intensity running on a treadmill for eight weeks, 5 sessions a week. The grape seed oil (3.7g/kg) was administered by gavage. The expression of HADH1, CPT1, and CD36 genes was measured in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Results: The results showed that the expression of the CD36 gene increased in the gastrocnemius muscle in the resistance training group (P = 0.043), grape seed oil group (P = 0.042), and grape seed oil plus intense interval training (P = 0.005) group compared to the saline control group. Moreover, the expression of CD36 (P = 0.021) and CPT1 (P = 0.005) genes in the soleus muscle increased in the resistance training plus grape seed oil group compared to the control group. However, the CPT1 expression in the gastrocnemius muscle had no significant difference among all groups. The HADHA expression in the gastrocnemius significantly increased in the resistance training plus grape seed oil group (P = 0.04) compared to the grape seed oil group. However, its expression in the soleus muscle significantly increased in the intense interval training plus grape seed oil group compared to the control group (P = 0.04). Conclusions: It can be concluded that resistance, high-intensity interval training, and the consumption of grape seed oil can be a good combination to provide energy.

Позитивное влияние низкоинтенсивных силовых тренировок с ограничением кровотока на показатели обмена веществ у мужчин с метаболическим синдромом

Resistance training with blood flow restriction using inflatable cuffs or elastic bands produces a partial occlusion of the vessels of the exercising muscles. Compared to high-intensity resistance training, blood flow restriction training markedly reduces the mechanical load, while causing a similar increase in muscle mass and strength. Thus, this method is an effective training protocol for people with disabilities. Recent studies have shown that blood flow restriction training has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, it can be considered as a valuable alternative to exercise for people with metabolic syndrome, a disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism, decreased skeletal muscle mass and progressive sarcopenia. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction on the metabolic parameters in men with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. The study involved 45 non-exercising men (mean age 35.2 ± 6.4 years) with metabolic syndrome. The participants were divided into three groups: low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction; high-intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction; low-intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction. Before and after the training course (12 weeks), blood plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins were assessed, as well as systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome severity z-score. Results. A statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) decrease in all parameters was found in the groups of low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction and high-intensity resistance training. In the group of low-intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction, no statistically significant changes were identified (p ˃ 0.05). Thus, the research found that low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction improves the metabolic profile of men with metabolic syndrome and can, therefore, be used to prevent and treat metabolic disorders.

Exploring subjective responses in high-intensity multimodal training: an online cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate exercise enjoyment in high-intensity multimodal training (HIMT) in current and previous HIMT participants and identify factors associated with HIMT that mediate exercise...

Exercise intensities modulate ACE2/MasR/eNOS pathway in male Wistar rat's lung.

Specific exercise intensities could improve lung vascular function by increasing nitric oxide (NO). The ACE2/MasR/eNOS axis is one of the pathways facilitating NO synthesis. This study examines the effect of different intensities of aerobic training on the ACE2/MasR/eNOS axis and histology of lung muscular arteries. Male Wistar rats were used in this study and randomized into control and exercise groups receiving low-, moderate-, and high-intensity training. The training was conducted for 30 min daily, five times a week, for 8 weeks. We observed that different exercise intensities affect the ACE2/MasR/eNOS pathway differently. Compared to control, high-intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased ACE2, Mas receptor (MasR), and eNOS mRNA expressions (p < 0.01). Moderate-intensity exercise significantly increased MasR and eNOS mRNA expressions compared to the control (p < 0.05), and this intensity also increased ACE2 mRNA but not significantly. Low-intensity exercise increased ACE2, MasR, and eNOS mRNA expressions but not significantly. Low-, moderate-, or high-intensity exercises reduced the medial wall thickness of the lung muscular arteries but not significantly. In conclusion, high-intensity exercise may induce NO synthesis in the lung by increasing mRNA expression of ACE2, MasR, and eNOS without decreasing the medial wall thickness of the muscular artery. Thus, high-intensity exercise may be the optimal intensity to improve NO synthesis and vascular function in the lung.

The Effects Of High-intensity Circuit Training On Sleep And Mental Health In Female Inactive College Students

The Effects Of High-intensity Circuit Training On Sleep And Mental Health In Female Inactive College Students