High-value Metabolites Research Articles

Diploid genome assembly of Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-50883 (SLP1).

The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus SLP1 has the potential for application in biotechnological processes because it can metabolize several sugars and produce high-value metabolites. K. marxianus SLP1 is a thermotolerant yeast isolated from the mezcal process, and it is tolerant to several cell growth inhibitors such as saponins, furan aldehydes, weak acids, and phenolics compounds. The genomic differences between dairy and nondairy strains related to K. marxianus variability are a focus of research attention, particularly the pathways leading this species toward polyploidy. We report the diploid genome assembly of K. marxianus SLP1 nonlactide strain into 32 contigs to reach a size of ∼12 Mb (N50 = 1.3 Mb) and a ∼39% GC content. Genome size is consistent with the k-mer frequency results. Genome annotation by Funannotate estimated 5000 genes in haplotype A and 4910 in haplotype B. The enriched annotated genes by ontology show differences between alleles in biological processes and cellular component. The analysis of variants related to DMKU3 and between haplotypes shows changes in LAC12 and INU1, which we hypothesize can impact carbon source performance. This report presents the first polyploid K. marxianus strain recovered from nonlactic fermenting medium.

The role of methyl jasmonate in enhancing biomass yields and bioactive metabolites in Stauroneis sp. (Bacillariophyceae) revealed by proteome and biochemical profiling

The diatom Stauroneis sp. was previously identified as a promising source of fucoxanthin and omega-3 oils. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) supplementation is known to enhance metabolite yields in this species without impacting on growth or photosynthesis. Therefore, a label-free proteomics approach was undertaken to further evaluate the functional role of MJ on the diatom's physiology. Of the twenty cultivation regimes were screened, Uf/2 medium with green+white LED's induced the greatest metabolic response when exposed to 10 μM MJ treatment. These conditions significantly enhanced the pigment and total cellular lipids contents. The increase in fucoxanthin correlating with a 20% increase in Trolox reducing equivalent in the total antioxidant assay, indicating a non-enzymatic antioxidant role of fucoxanthin to mitigate the detrimental effects of a redox imbalance within chloroplasts. The proteomics identified 197 proteins up-regulated 48 h after MJ exposure including cell signalling cascades, photosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid biosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis. MJ strengthened the dark reactions of photosynthesis to support growth and metabolite fluxes. The MJ-induced ER stress protein triggered lipid body production, facilitating metabolite turnover and trafficking between cellular organelles. Plastid terminal oxidase and glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase may act as MJ-induced ROS responsive regulatory switch to support chloroplast biosynthesis. Significance statementPhytohormones represents a promising tool to enhance the high-value metabolite yields in plants and algae, however little is known of the role of methyl jasmonate in diatoms at a molecular level. A shotgun proteomics approach was undertaken to determine the influence of MJ on the diatom's cellular physiology in the marine diatom Stauroneis sp., revealing a signal transduction cascade leading to increased lipid and pigment content and identified promising targets for genetic engineering.

Differential responses in EPA and fucoxanthin production by the marine diatom Stauroneis sp. under varying cultivation conditions.

There has been an increasing drive toward better valorising raw biological materials in the context of the sustainability of bio-based industries and the circular economy. As such, microalgae hold the ability to biosynthesise valuable metabolites, which are sought after within the bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or nutrition sectors. Owing to their bioactivities, the xanthophyll pigment fucoxanthin and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have fostered increasing interests in terms of sustainably refining them from natural sources, such as microalgae. Together with the suitability of individual species to industrial cultivation, a key challenge resides in optimizing the yields of these compounds within the microalgal biomass they are retrieved from. The marine diatom Stauroneis sp. LACW24 was batch cultivated into its stationary phase of growth prior to being subjected at high cell density (1 × 106 cells mL-1 ) to seven different regimes of light exposure in replenished medium and under nutritional limitation (silica and nitrate) for 12 days. The highest EPA proportions and yields were obtained under blue LED in f/2 medium (16.5% and 4.8mg g-1 , respectively), double the values obtained under red LED illumination. The fucoxanthin yield was the highest when cells were subjected to blue LEDs (5.9mg g-1 ), a fourfold increase compared to the nitrogen-limited treatment under white LEDs. These results indicate that a two-stage approach to the batch cultivation of this diatom can be used for enhancing the production of the high-value metabolites fucoxanthin and EPA post-stationary phase.

14,17,18-Trihydroxy-Eicosatetraenoic Acid: A Novel Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator from Marine Microalgae.

Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are enzymatically oxygenated derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids that function as central immunoregulators in mammals. Among them are resolvins (Rvs) that stimulate the clearance of harmful stimuli and limit pro-inflammatory processes. Because of their beneficial features and their high potency, SPMs are promising molecules for anti-inflammatory therapy. Besides mammals, also marine algae form lipid mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In particular, microalgae are attractive candidates for the production of bioactive high-value metabolites. Here, we identified the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium as a prolific producer of SPMs. The diatom forms RvE3 and novel structurally related eicosanoids, including 14S/R,17R,18R-trihydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, which displays inflammation-resolving and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. This pro-resolving compound might enable advancements in anti-inflammatory therapy in mammals.

Implementation of kLa-Based Strategy for Scaling Up Porphyridium purpureum (Red Marine Microalga) to Produce High-Value Phycoerythrin, Fatty Acids, and Proteins.

Porphyridium purpureum is a well-known Rhodophyta that recently has attracted enormous attention because of its capacity to produce many high-value metabolites such as the pigment phycoerythrin and several high-value fatty acids. Phycoerythrin is a fluorescent red protein-pigment commercially relevant with antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, and fluorescent properties. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) was kept constant within the different scaling-up stages in the present study. This scaling-up strategy was sought to maintain phycoerythrin production and other high-value metabolites by Porphyridium purpureum, using hanging-bag photobioreactors. The kLa was monitored to ensure the appropriate mixing and CO2 diffusion in the entire culture during the scaling process (16, 80, and 400 L). Then, biomass concentration, proteins, fatty acids, carbohydrates, and phycoerythrin were determined in each step of the scaling-up process. The kLa at 16 L reached a level of 0.0052 s−1, while at 80 L, a value of 0.0024 s−1 was achieved. This work result indicated that at 400 L, 1.22 g L−1 of biomass was obtained, and total carbohydrates (117.24 mg L−1), proteins (240.63 mg L−1), and lipids (17.75% DW) were accumulated. Regarding fatty acids production, 46.03% palmitic, 8.03% linoleic, 22.67% arachidonic, and 2.55% eicosapentaenoic acid were identified, principally. The phycoerythrin production was 20.88 mg L−1 with a purity of 2.75, making it viable for food-related applications. The results of these experiments provide insight into the high-scale production of phycoerythrin via the cultivation of P. purpureum in an inexpensive and straightforward culture system.

Co-production of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) via no-sugar fermentation\u2014a case by Methylobacterium sp. XJLW

PurposeTo explore a competitive PHB-producing fermentation process, this study evaluated the potential for Methylobacterium sp. XJLW to produce simultaneously PHB and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) using methanol as sole carbon and energy source.MethodsThe metabolic pathways of PHB and CoQ10 biosynthesis in Methylobacterium sp. XJLW were first mined based on the genomic and comparative transcriptomics information. Then, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed for comparing the expression level of important genes involved in PHB and CoQ10 synthesis pathways’ response to methanol and glucose. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FT-IR), and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods were used to elucidate the yield and structure of PHB and CoQ10, respectively. PHB and CoQ10 productivity of Methylobacterium sp. XJLW were evaluated in Erlenmeyer flask for medium optimization, and in a 5-L bioreactor for methanol fed-batch strategy according to dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH control.ResultsComparative genomics analysis showed that the PHB and CoQ10 biosynthesis pathways co-exist in Methylobacterium sp. XJLW. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the transcription level of key genes in both pathways responding to methanol was significantly higher than that responding to glucose. Correspondingly, strain Methylobacterium sp. XJLW can produce PHB and CoQ10 simultaneously with higher yield using cheap and abundant methanol than using glucose as sole carbon and energy source. The isolated products showed the structure characteristics same to that of standard PHB and CoQ10. The optimal medium and cultural conditions for PHB and CoQ10 co-production by Methylobacterium sp. XJLW was in M3 medium containing 7.918 g L-1 methanol, 0.5 g L-1 of ammonium sulfate, 0.1% (v/v) of Tween 80, and 1.0 g L-1 of sodium chloride, under 30 °C and pH 7.0. In a 5-L bioreactor coupled with methanol fed-batch process, a maximum DCW value (46.31 g L-1) with the highest yields of PHB and CoQ10, reaching 6.94 g L-1 and 22.28 mg L-1, respectively.ConclusionMethylobacterium sp. XJLW is potential for efficiently co-producing PHB and CoQ10 employing methanol as sole carbon and energy source. However, it is still necessary to further optimize fermentation process, and genetically modify strain pathway, for enhanced production of PHB and CoQ10 simultaneously by Methylobacterium sp. XJLW. It also suggests a potential strategy to develop efficiently co-producing other high-value metabolites using methanol-based bioprocess.

Impact of wastewater cultivation on pollutant removal, biomass production, metabolite biosynthesis, and carbon dioxide fixation of newly isolated cyanobacteria in a multiproduct biorefinery paradigm

The impact of wastewater cultivation was studied on pollutant removal, biomass production, and biosynthesis of high-value metabolites by newly isolated cyanobacteria namely Acaryochloris marina BERC03, Oscillatoria sp. BERC04, and Pleurocapsa sp. BERC06. During cultivation in urabn wastewater, its pH used to adjust from pH 8.0 to 11, offering contamination-free cultivation, and flotation-based easy harvesting. Besides, wastewater cultivation improved biomass production by 1.3-fold when compared to control along with 3.54–4.2 gL-1 of CO2 fixation, concomitantly removing suspended organic matter, total nitrogen, and phosphorus by 100%, 53%, and 88%, respectively. Biomass accumulated 26–36% carbohydrates, 15–28% proteins, 38–43% lipids, and 6.3–9.5% phycobilins, where phycobilin yield was improved by 1.6-fold when compared to control. Lipids extracted from the pigment-free biomass were trans-esterified to biodiesel where pigment extraction showed no negative impact on quality of the biodiesel. These strains demonstrated the potential to become feedstock of an integrated biorefinery using urban wastewater as low-cost growth media.

Bioconversion of Agave Bagasse to Produce Cellulases and Xylanases by Penicillium citrinum and Aspergillus fumigatus in Solid-State Fermentation

In Mexico, the generation of agave bagasse (AB) has increased considerably in recent years, given the growing global demand for tequila and other products from agave plants; around 45 thousand tons of AB are produced monthly only from tequila production. Despite the potential of AB to produce high-value metabolites, its use is limited. Several efforts have been made to mitigate the environmental problem caused by the final disposition of AB; however, the use of AB to produce enzymes has not been widely explored. This work presents a comparative analysis of the bioconversion of AB by Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium citrinum to produce cellulases and xylanases by solid-state fermentation, using wheat straw (WS) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as control feedstocks. The highest cellulase productions were obtained on AB with 10,112 and 7,347 U/kg of AB by P. citrinum and A. fumigatus, respectively. Regarding the xylanase production, the best producer was A. fumigatus (125,250 U/kg of WS), while the maximum xylanase production on AB was 28,974 U/kg of AB by P. citrinum. These results show the promising potential of AB to produce lignocellulase enzymes and open the vision towards implementing a circular economy strategy around the agave plant transformation.

Gene Delivery Technologies with Applications in Microalgal Genetic Engineering.

Simple SummaryMicroalgae and cyanobacteria are considered intriguing microbes for sustainable biotechnological production of a wide array of high-value metabolites from carbon dioxide and (sun)light. Mature genetic engineering concepts have only recently begun to emerge with the advent of customized DNA synthesis due to complicated genetics in these hosts. The delivery of heterologous DNA into cells is the first step in engineering concepts, yet is highly diverse in methodology, efficacy of expression cassette delivery, and applicability to variable organisms. This work overviews common and not-so common methodologies of DNA delivery, which may find use in engineering concepts for photosynthetic microbes.Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microbes that can be grown with the simple inputs of water, carbon dioxide, (sun)light, and trace elements. Their engineering holds the promise of tailored bio-molecule production using sustainable, environmentally friendly waste carbon inputs. Although algal engineering examples are beginning to show maturity, severe limitations remain in the transformation of multigene expression cassettes into model species and DNA delivery into non-model hosts. This review highlights common and emerging DNA delivery methods used for other organisms that may find future applications in algal engineering.

Docking domain-mediated subunit interactions in natural product megasynth(et)ases

Polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) multienzymes produce numerous high value metabolites. The protein subunits which constitute these megasynth(et)ases must undergo ordered self-assembly to ensure correct organisation of catalytic domains for the biosynthesis of a given natural product. Short amino acid regions at the N- and C-termini of each subunit, termed docking domains (DDs), often occur in complementary pairs, which interact to facilitate substrate transfer and maintain pathway fidelity. This review details all structurally characterised examples of NRPS and PKS DDs to date and summarises efforts to utilise DDs for the engineering of biosynthetic pathways.

The effects of illumination and trophic strategy on gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Microalgae are of substantial biotechnological interest due their polyphyletic nature which grants them access to a wide array of high-value metabolites. The inherent genetic diversity of microalgae combined with their metabolic plasticity when grown using different trophic and illumination strategies necessitate the establishment of a reference knowledge base. In the present study we present a detailed characterisation of the combined effects of wavelength selection and trophic strategy on the growth kinetics and gene expression profile of the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under moderate to high light intensity (400 μmolph m−2·s−1). The aim is twofold: (a) to establish a list of reliable housekeeping genes valid for quantitative comparisons across several combinations of different wavelengths and trophic strategies and (b) to enable the investigation of the response of central carbon metabolic pathways under these process conditions. White, blue and red light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used to grow pH controlled photo- and mixo-trophic cultures over a period of 136 h in batch mode. A panel of 10 candidate genes, along with biomass growth rate and pigment content were dynamically monitored across all conditions. Statistical analysis identified genes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit α and photosystem I reaction centre subunit II) with less variability observed in their expression levels across the entirety of conditions evaluated compared to housekeeping genes often referred to in literature (receptor of activated protein kinase C and ribosomal protein (large subunit) 19). Further analysis of gene expression profiles revealed substantial differences in response to changes in both wavelength selection (upregulation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit under red phototrophic growth) and trophic strategy (upregulation of malate synthase from phototrophic to mixotrophic conditions). The systematic approach used to establish reliable reference genes presented herein enables robust comparisons of cellular responses across different conditions to better understand algal metabolism and improve process performance.

Molecular, morphological, and toxinological characterizations of an Argentinean strain of Halamphora coffeaeformis with potential biotechnological applications

Diatoms are a diverse group of unicellular microalgae with broad biotechnological and industrial applications. Recent studies have revealed that some species from the genus Halamphora accumulate high quantities of lipids, which make them potentially suitable for biodiesel production. However, due to their high phenotypic plasticity, molecular phylogenetic and ultrastructural analyses are usually needed for precise species identification, which in turn is crucial to define the cultivation strategies to obtain the main target compound. Moreover, the use of diatoms for nutrition, health, and aquaculture requires prior analysis of the potential toxicity of the selected species. In the present study we provide a detailed morphological, molecular, and toxinological evaluations of an Argentinian strain of Halamphora coffeaeformis with potential as feedstock of triglycerides adequate for biodiesel as well as a source of high-value metabolite production, in order to confirm its identification and to define the safety of its biomass in relation to domoic acid production. The obtained results will strengthen and diversify the use of this species in the microalgal market.

Correction: Microcultivation and FTIR spectroscopy-based screening revealed a nutrient-induced co-production of high-value metabolites in oleaginous Mucoromycota fungi

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234870.].

Potential of reverse osmosis reject water as a growth medium for the production of algal metabolites–A state-of-the-art review

Algae have been seen as a potential source for the production of several high-value metabolites and biofuel. The high cost of nutrients required for algal cultivation may limit the economic viability of such algal-products. Utilizing wastewater as a medium for algae cultivation is widely studied to cut down the biomass production cost. However, such a strategy is limited to biofuel production only. The exploitation of wastewater-grown algal biomass is very challenging when the algal biomass is determined for the production of metabolites suitable for human consumption. Reverse osmosis rejects (ROR) represent a non-toxic, cost-effective, and nutrient-rich growth media for algae cultivation. Unlike other wastewater sources, ROR from a water treatment plant will have a more consistent nutrient load and devoid of toxic components. This review focuses on metabolite production using algae and the potential of ROR as a growth medium for mass-scale algae cultivation. Additionally, the review discusses various reactor designs for algae cultivation and downstream processing, targeting metabolite production. Finally, the study is accompanied by a techno-economic assessment of algal-biorefinery, and future prospects are presented.

Engineering Bacillus subtilis Cells as Factories: Enzyme Secretion and Value-added Chemical Production

Bacillus subtilis has been studied for more than half a century, ever since the dawn of molecular biology, as a representative Gram-positive bacterium and cell factory. Two characteristic capacities of B. subtilis, namely its natural competence for DNA uptake and high-level enzyme secretion, have been investigated and exploited intensively during these long years. As a consequence, this bacterium has evolved into an excellent platform for synthetic biological research and development. In this review, we outline basic concepts for B. subtilis cell factory engineering, and we describe several examples of its applications in the production of proteins and high-value metabolites. In particular, we highlight engineering approaches that can make the already very efficient Bacillus protein secretion pathways even more efficient for the production of enzymes and pharmaceutical proteins. We further showcase examples of metabolic engineering in B. subtilis based on synthetic biology principles to produce various high-value or health-promoting substances, especially inositol stereoisomers. We conclude that the versatile traits of B. subtilis, combined with multi-omics approaches and rapidly developing technologies for genome engineering and high-throughput screening enable us to modify and optimize this bacterium’s metabolic circuits to deliver compounds that are needed for a green and sustainable society as well as a healthy population.

New Insights on the Use of Polyphenols as Natural Preservatives and Their Emerging Safety Concerns

Polyphenols are natural high-valued secondary metabolites of plant that demonstrate strong antimicrobial potential as natural preservatives besides their well-established health promoting benefits. This review highlights the challenges, novel strategies to achieve industrial production of polyphenols and their safe use as potential alternative natural preservative. Since plant extraction presents considerable limitations of high cost due to excessive energy and solvent requirements, climate and long growth cycles, microbial biosynthesis using highly advanced omics techniques and metabolic engineering tools could provide superior alternative for commercial production of environmentally sustainable and cost-effective high-value metabolites in a short time. In spite of the many beneficial effects, some plant metabolites and polyphenol compounds at high dosage are found to be pro-oxidant or mutagenic with toxicity. Due to the controversial findings from sub-chronic and oral toxicity studies, more detailed safety and efficacy studies are needed to substantiate findings. Furthermore, extensive research efforts are required to ascertain optimal dosage for safe use in various foods to avoid potential harmful side effects.

Enhanced astaxanthin production by oxidative stress using methyl viologen as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagent in green microalgae Coelastrum sp.

Microalgae are known to be a potential resource of high-value metabolites that can be used in the growing field of biotechnology. These metabolites constitute valuable compounds with a wide range of applications that strongly enhance a bio-based economy. Among these metabolites, astaxanthin is considered the most important secondary metabolite, having superior antioxidant properties. For commercial feasibility, microalgae with enhanced astaxanthin production need to be developed. In this study, the tropical green microalgae strain, Coelastrum sp., isolated from the environment in Malaysia, was incubated with methyl viologen, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) reagent that generates superoxide anion radicals (O2-) as an enhancer to improve the accumulation of astaxanthin. The effect of different concentrations of methyl viologen on astaxanthin accumulation was investigated. The results suggested that the supplementation of methyl viologen at low concentration (0.001 mM) was successfully used as a ROS reagent in facilitating and thereby increasing the production of astaxanthin in Coelastrum sp. at a rate 1.3 times higher than in the control.

Multiplex Genome Engineering Methods for Yeast Cell Factory Development

As biotechnological applications of synthetic biology tools including multiplex genome engineering are expanding rapidly, the construction of strategically designed yeast cell factories becomes increasingly possible. This is largely due to recent advancements in genome editing methods like CRISPR/Cas tech and high-throughput omics tools. The model organism, baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an important synthetic biology chassis for high-value metabolite production. Multiplex genome engineering approaches can expedite the construction and fine tuning of effective heterologous pathways in yeast cell factories. Numerous multiplex genome editing techniques have emerged to capitalize on this recently. This review focuses on recent advancements in such tools, such as delta integration and rDNA cluster integration coupled with CRISPR-Cas tools to greatly enhance multi-integration efficiency. Examples of pre-placed gate systems which are an innovative alternative approach for multi-copy gene integration were also reviewed. In addition to multiple integration studies, multiplexing of alternative genome editing methods are also discussed. Finally, multiplex genome editing studies involving non-conventional yeasts and the importance of automation for efficient cell factory design and construction are considered. Coupling the CRISPR/Cas system with traditional yeast multiplex genome integration or donor DNA delivery methods expedites strain development through increased efficiency and accuracy. Novel approaches such as pre-placing synthetic sequences in the genome along with improved bioinformatics tools and automation technologies have the potential to further streamline the strain development process. In addition, the techniques discussed to engineer S. cerevisiae, can be adapted for use in other industrially important yeast species for cell factory development.

Identification and Analysis of microRNAs in Chlorella sorokiniana Using High-Throughput Sequencing.

Chlorella is a popular microalga with robust physiological and biochemical characteristics, which can be cultured under various conditions. The exploration of the small RNA content of Chlorella could improve strategies for the enhancement of metabolite production from this microalga. In this study, stress was introduced to the Chlorella sorokiniana culture to produce high-value metabolites such as carotenoids and phenolic content. The small RNA transcriptome of C. sorokiniana was sequenced, focusing on microRNA (miRNA) content. From the analysis, 98 miRNAs were identified in cultures subjected to normal and stress conditions. The functional analysis result showed that the miRNA targets found were most often involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, followed by protein metabolism, cell cycle, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, terpenoids, and lipids was found mostly in stress conditions. These results may help to improve our understanding of regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in the biological and metabolic process of Chlorella species. It is important and timely to determine the true potential of this microalga species and to support the potential for genetic engineering of microalgae as they receive increasing focus for their development as an alternative source of biofuel, food, and health supplements.

Light-emitting diodes—a plus on microalgae biomass and high-value metabolite production

Light plays a crucial role in photosynthetic microalgae, and its quality is a key point for biomass production and the variability of the organisms’ biochemical composition, with blue and red, the light bands being the most effectively absorbed by green algae. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as an alternative that allow a better modulation of algal metabolism. The aim of this work was to study the effects of blue and red LEDs on antioxidant capacity, biomass productivity (Px) and carotenoid and fatty acid content over time in a microalga known to be a producer of antioxidant compounds, Scenedesmus obliquus M2-1. Monochromatic blue (B) and red (R) LEDs and two dichromatic combinations of blue and red (BR (40:60) and BR (50:50)) were tested, and fluorescent lamp (FL) was used as a control. Then, supplementation effects of near-infrared radiation (NIR) LEDs were assessed in the same in parameters. Results show that B induced higher PX and higher content in fatty acids when compared with other LED conditions tested. Scenedesmus obliquus M2-1 under R attained a higher antioxidant capacity and under BR (40:60) a higher carotenoid production, particularly lutein and β-carotene, when compared with that of FL. NIR supplementation in BR (40:60) and R treatments enhanced PX and fatty acid content, changing the profile of antioxidant compound production over time, but keeping the maximum concentration. Additionally, NIR supplementation decreased the total carotenoid production. This study reveals that the use of R and BR (40:60) LEDs are a useful tool to enhance the production of carotenoids in S. obliquus M2-1.