Abstract
Simple SummaryMicroalgae and cyanobacteria are considered intriguing microbes for sustainable biotechnological production of a wide array of high-value metabolites from carbon dioxide and (sun)light. Mature genetic engineering concepts have only recently begun to emerge with the advent of customized DNA synthesis due to complicated genetics in these hosts. The delivery of heterologous DNA into cells is the first step in engineering concepts, yet is highly diverse in methodology, efficacy of expression cassette delivery, and applicability to variable organisms. This work overviews common and not-so common methodologies of DNA delivery, which may find use in engineering concepts for photosynthetic microbes.Microalgae and cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microbes that can be grown with the simple inputs of water, carbon dioxide, (sun)light, and trace elements. Their engineering holds the promise of tailored bio-molecule production using sustainable, environmentally friendly waste carbon inputs. Although algal engineering examples are beginning to show maturity, severe limitations remain in the transformation of multigene expression cassettes into model species and DNA delivery into non-model hosts. This review highlights common and emerging DNA delivery methods used for other organisms that may find future applications in algal engineering.
Highlights
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are interesting study organisms capable of photosynthetic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as a sole carbon source
Once these tools are produced by piecemeal cloning or complete DNA synthesis, the reliable introduction of foreign genetic material into cells is an essential prerequisite to biotechnological concepts [5,6,7]
This review examines recent progress been demonstrated in non-algal recent pro- in gene delivery and discusses their technical aspects, advantages, limitations, gress in genemethodologies delivery methodologies and discusses their technical aspects, advantages, and potentialand in the context biotechnology
Summary
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are interesting study organisms capable of photosynthetic growth on carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as a sole carbon source. Algae are a diverse and polyphyletic group of organisms which do not share close evolutionary relatedness and exhibit incredible variability in their genomes [3] These features have hindered intensive molecular tool development except in a handful of model species, and their broader application to biotechnology has been slower compared to other hosts such as bacteria, yeast, plant, and mammalian cells [2,4]. The genomic diversity of algae necessitates customized molecular tools that work with genetic architecture of a specific host Once these tools are produced by piecemeal cloning or complete DNA synthesis, the reliable introduction of foreign genetic material into cells is an essential prerequisite to biotechnological concepts [5,6,7].
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