High Value-added Industries Research Articles

Plans to Activate Investment between Korea and Russia during Putin's Fourth Term – Focusing on High Value-added Industries

The main goal of this study is to identify policy implications for investment cooperation between Korea and Russia in the 4th term of President Putin and to seek ways to increase mutual investment. In particular, case studies were conducted of various investment cooperation projects by Russia with other countries amid the ongoing fourth industrial revolution, aiming to suggest more practical approaches to increase Korean investment in Russia. Marking the 30 years since establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Russia, we need to look back on economic cooperation between the two countries and seek ways to develop cooperation one step further. We are seeing fundamental changes in the industrial structure due to reorganization of the international order and digital transformation – such as competition be-tween the United States and China, the establishment of strategic cooperative relations between China and Russia (the so-called fourth industrial revolution), ecosystem disturbances due to climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic, etc. It is necessary to prepare a new type of cooperation strategy in consideration of the fundamental change of paradigm.

Design of Tourism Cultural and Creative Products Based on Regional Historical and Cultural Elements

Regional historical culture is a special cultural system gradually formed after a long period of historical accumulation, which integrates regional cultural characteristics and spiritual connotations. Tourism cultural and creative products are high value-added industries in the tourism industry, and there is a lack of regional, historical and cultural element characteristics in some designs. Incorporating historical and cultural elements into the design of cultural and creative products, combining regional tourism resources with cultural and creative design, and imparting regional era characteristics to tourism projects, can promote the development of tourism, cultural and creative design industry and tourism economy. How to use regional historical and cultural elements in the design of tourism cultural and creative products has become an important research content of tourism cultural and creative product design. In this paper, the design of tourism cultural and creative products is the research content, using field research, questionnaire survey, analytic hierarchy and other methods, based on regional historical and cultural elements, to explore the design methods of tourism cultural and creative products.

국내 전시장의 정부 지원 전시회 개최에 대한 Malmquist 생산성 분석

In order to strengthen the competitiveness of the domestic exhibition industry and promote its development, Korea develops its exhibition businesses by building a foundation for the exhibition industry and by supporting domestic exhibitions and the exhibition industry. Exhibitions are recognised as a high value-added industry with a large impact on other related industries, such as tourism and accommodation. It also encourages overseas market exploration and exports, as well as exchange of the latest technology and information.<BR> Accordingly, each country fosters the exhibition industry not only as a means of trade infrastructure but also as a strategic industry linked to manufacturing, tourism, etc., and we also support exhibitions with potential, and encourage exhibitions to become larger, more international, and specialized.<BR> In this study, the Malmquist index was used to analyze the changes in productivity by targeting those exhibitions held at each of the five exhibition centers. Through this, we attempt to present implications of the efficient operation of exhibition centers and the development of competitive exhibition businesses.

Correlations Among Consumers’ Perception, Satisfaction, and Preference by Nail-care Method

As the nail-care industry emerges as a high value-added industry in the Republic of Korea, consumer psychology has drawn attention as a significant demand variable. Under such circumstances, this study attempted to investigate the correlations among variables. The purpose of this study is to derive implications for the service development of the nail care industry by examining the impact on the perception of wet care and dry care methods of nail care and consumers satisfaction and preference, and analyzing their correlation. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed among 380 customers, and their perception, satisfaction, and preferences are analyzed and their correlation with each other was examined. As a research method, statistical analysis was used through reliability analysis, frequency analysis, one-way variance analysis (ANOVA), and correlation analysis as the result of the survey. The results found the following: In terms of consumer perception on two different nail care services (dry care, wet care), ‘wet care’ was viewed more positively. And Consumer satisfaction increased as consumer preferences improved. Therefore, there is a necessity to improve dry care-related consumer perception to maximize the promotion of nail care services. To accomplish this, it is required to launch diverse differentiation strategies.

Multinational Corporations and Local Content Policy: Towards a New Equilibrium

Multinational corporations operate beyond state borders and the need to regulate them has been made apparent by documented human rights violations, as well as environmental encroachments. This article considers two types of measures: (1) those that have been adopted by multinational corporations themselves such as Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives and (2) those developed by host states with a focus on Local Content policy measures. Going beyond the idea of regulating corporations, Local Content policy measures are designed to act as a growth multiplier by developing linkages and involving local populations in the production process to create a spillover effect on the local or national economy. The author reviews the advantages and risks, associated with crafting such policies, and argues that demand for such measures is on the rise, not just in high value-added industries but also in other spheres. Indeed, while Local Content policies may present some disadvantages, restricting foreign contributions to the production process in an attempt to cultivate local economic linkages, their explicit formulation offers a high degree of clarity to international investors, which could facilitate and regularize the activities of multinational corporations.

South Korea - Russia economic relations: focused on FDI

The emphasis on economic cooperation between South Korea and Russia is growing according to the new foreign policies of the two countries. This study aims to draw policy implications for increasing inter South Korea-Russia investments as reflecting growing political significances of economic cooperation of the two countries. For that, we analyzed FDI data from Central Bank of Russia, Export-Import Bank of Korea, and KOTRA given that in globalized economies, above all the other entry modes in foreign markets, FDI plays a significant role in national economic growth as allowing firms to utilize cross-border production factors with high efficiencies. Based on the data analysis, we made the following meaningful conclusions. First, despite growing political importance, FDI flows between the two countries are insignificant, partially due to the profound sense of closeness. Second, the motivations of Korean FDI showed differences dependent on Russian cities. Third, Korean FDI in Russia is highly concentrated in the manufacturing industry. To increase FDI flows between the two countries, we recommend to launch cultural exchange programs in private sectors with longterm visions and diversify investment in a way to increase cooperation among SMEs, and start-ups in high value-added and innovative industries.

최신 피부건강 개선 천연물 발굴법

The skin is the largest organ in the body. Skin is an indicator of aging and beauty. Many people want to beautify their skin. One of the best ways to improve skin health using natural products. The natural products industry will become a high value-added industry in the future. Natural products with the effect of improving skin health are competitive in the market. Therefore, it is important to find natural products with good effects in a more efficient way. In this review, we will briefly discuss how to improve skin health and explain how to find natural materials for improving skin health.

실현율을 이용한 시나리오 기반 스마트관광도시 관광객 수요예측

Recently, a growing number of local governments are seeking to invigorate the local economy through smart tourism, a high value-added industry. Thus, while many researchers discuss the economic value of smart tourism, there are few studies that present specific data. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide empirical basis for the economic value of smart tourism by predicting changes in the number of tourists through smart tourism. Furthermore, it aims to present specific and objective data to local governments that seek to revitalize the local economy through smart tourism. To achieve this research objective, this study utilized demand forecasting techniques that take into account visit intention and feasibility rates, and collected data through online surveys. Specifically, the study sampled the residents of metroplitan area through quota sampling and examined their respective willingness to visit Jeonju, Gyeongju, and Gangneung when they were traditional tourist cities and smart tourist cities. The analysis shows that the average number of tourists in smart tourist cities is expected to increase twice as much. In addition, as a result of analyzing the differences in the willingness to visit between existing cities and smart tourism cities, women showed higher willingness to visit than men, and 60s showed the highest willingness to visit. These analysis results were not only empirical grounds for the economic value of smart tourism, which had been discussed only conceptually, but the study also presented basic data to local governments seeking to vitalize the local economy through smart tourism.

Heterogeneous Material Additive Manufacturing for Hot-Stamping Die

Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been receiving global attention. As an innovative alternative to existing manufacturing technologies, AM can produce three-dimensional objects from various materials. In the manufacturing industry, AM improves production cost, time, and quality in comparison to existing methods. In addition, AM is applied in the fabrication and production of objects in diverse fields. In particular, metal AM has been continuously commercialized in high value-added industries such as aerospace and health care by many research and development projects. However, the applicability of metal AM to the mold and die industry and other low value-added industries is limited because AM is not as economical as current manufacturing technologies. Therefore, this paper proposes an effective solution to the problem. This study examines a method for using direct energy deposition and heterogeneous materials, a heterogeneous material additive-manufacturing process for metals used to optimize the cooling channels and a key process in manufacturing hot-stamping dies. The improvements in the cooling performances and uniform cooling were evaluated by heat-flow analysis in a continuous process. Finally, trial products were fabricated using the proposed method, and a trial for hot stamping was conducted to examine the possibility of it being used in commercial applications.

Repetitive recycling of 3D printing PLA filament as renewable resources on mechanical and thermal loads

3D printing technology has emerged as a high value-added industry with high efficiency that has dramatically broken away from the existing material and manufacturing industry’s human-based production system. These technologies, ranging from small parts to large structures, are rapidly developing due to the challenge of various filament materials, whereas there are significant concerns about waste filler materials, and complimentary research is needed to improve them. Polylactic acid (PLA), the representative polymer of 3D printing, contributes to minimizing environmental risks. However, although thermoplastic PLA has excellent reversible properties for heat in terms of sustainable resources, it is degraded as a low value-added material afterward. Therefore, in this study, the effect of repetitive recycling on the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA filaments was analyzed to verify and re-evaluate PLA as a renewable resource. As a result, recycled PLA has decreased tensile and flexural strength by up to 69% and 53%, respectively, compared to initial neat PLA with the increase of the number of repetitive recycling, and this demonstrates the change in the thermal properties of recycled PLA.

Global supply chain of biomass use and the shift of environmental welfare from primary exploiters to final consumers

With the increasingly frequent interregional trade that leads to the geographical separation of production and consumption, the invisible shift of the environmental welfare bestowed by biomass use is brought to attention. Using a systems embodiment accounting model, this study tracked the dynamic process of interregional transfer of biomass use from primary supply to final consumption via the global supply chain. The results reveal that biomass use embodied in global trade is 87% of total global biomass exploitation. Moreover, the intermediate trade volume is 1.7 times higher than the final trade volume. In terms of biomass use, the United States, South Korea, mainland China, Japan, and the United Kingdom are revealed as the five leading net importers and also the main final consumers. Brazil, India, Cyprus, Indonesia, and Latvia are demonstrated to be the top five net exporters and also the main exploiters of biomass resources. The biomass self-sufficiency rate by source and that by sink for each country are then discussed. The outcome shows that through the channels of global supply chain, the shift of environmental welfare from biomass-exporting nations to biomass-importing nations occurs along with interregional trade. For Brazil and India, we suggest that they should strike a balance between economic revenues and long-term sustainability. Regarding the consumption-oriented nations such as the United States, an increase in the energy efficiency of high value-added industries is recommended.

Biorefinery Concept Applied to Phytochemical Extraction and Bio-Syngas Production using Agro-Industrial Waste Biomass: A Review

Second-generation biomass is a renewable resource that can address the increasing global energy demand and help to partially substitute the use of and dependence on fossil fuels, since it can be transformed into gas, liquid and/or solid fuels by physical, thermal, thermochemical and/or biological processes. However, its potential is not fully exploited because the process to extract the phytochemicals present in such organic byproducts has been largely omitted. Natural compounds are of interest to high value-added industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceutics. Therefore, this work proposes to thoroughly use such residual biomass in a biorefinery by a simultaneous, efficient and sustainable integration and operation of extraction processes to obtain phytochemicals and functional extracts. A thermochemical process known as gasification is implemented to produce syngas, which can be turned into fuels, chemicals, and energy such as methanol and synthetic gasoline. Furthermore, this review article describes the state of the art of each process and the concept of biorefinery.

Entrepreneurship in a transformative and resource-rich state: The case of Qatar

Countries blessed with natural resources have generally struggled to achieve sustainable economic development and prosperity. Population growth, the depletion of natural resources coupled with mismanagement, and sharp fluctuations in prices of those resources are among the main reasons for sub-optimal economic performance. Some resource-rich countries have been expending effort and money in an attempt to change this inverse relationship (a.k.a. “the resource curse”) by designing policies to diversify their economies with high value-added industries and sectors. Qatar is a such country and point of the interest in this article. Qatar's political and economic structure, its efforts to diversify its economy, and the potential for improved entrepreneurial outcomes with high value-added products, services, businesses, and industries are analyzed. The country has been very effective in maximizing the benefits of its oil resources and especially its large natural gas reserves, becoming the largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world. Revenues from oil and gas sales have been invested in the domestic economy and global assets. Thus far, however, it has not shown the in-house capacity for innovation and entrepreneurship critical for sustainable economic diversification going forward.This publication was made possible in part by NPRP grant #10–1203–160007 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the Qatar Foundation).

A Study on the Complementary Direction of Guidelines for Developing Green Conventions in Korea: Using Comparative Analysis among Domestic and Overseas Cases

As interests in sustainability have been increasing and discussions of environmental issues are ongoing globally, the MICE industry (Meeting, Incentive Travel, Convention, and Exhibition), which is attracting attention as a high value-added industry, also became an important part of the sustainability domain. Consequently, there has been a rise in hosting ‘green conventions’, or ‘green MICE’ which are designed to minimize all the negative impacts on the environment such as energy and water consumption. At some point, a large number of studies had been conducted for the development of green conventions, but most of them mainly used empirical methods. Although the Ministry of Environment has presented guidelines and some domestic exhibition convention centers have implemented strategies, they are not enough compared to overseas countries. This study aims to examine the latest guidelines to supplement the guidelines of Korea’s green convention. In this regard, the study will use a comparative analysis method among the current guidelines of convention centers in Australia (Sydney), Canada (Vancouver), and the U.S.A (Detroit and San Francisco) and draw up complementary directions. As a result, we could draw out common items in the facility management and event planning and operation section. Some items were similar in all convention centers, but others were included in the guidelines of few centers only. This research is sure to be the academic background for developing related practices and standards for the future green convention in Korea. In addition, this study will have value in terms of investigating sustainable management in the convention industry as the importance of sustainability in the tourism industry emerges.

Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy and the Cross-Strait Relations

Taiwan still faces the problem of identifying its relationship and developing its attitude within the Cross-Strait Relations, not only due to the well-known political considerations and diplomatic isolation, but also because it is widely perceptible that Taiwanese investors and the Taiwanese government are scared of the possible implications of a trade war between the USA and the People’s Republic of China (PRC, hereinafter: Mainland China). Besides other reasons, this is the main motivation behind the sudden Taiwanese FDI divestment from Mainland China. This huge amount of capital, however, does not return to Taiwan to create new jobs and develop new, high value-added industries, rather it flows to Southeast Asia, an area still focusing on the low-cost labour-intensive manufacturing sector. Besides other, non-industrial fields, the present NPP-based Tsai administration fosters its New Southbound Policy (NSP), which is partially implemented under the umbrella of a special NGO, the Taiwan–Asia Exchange Foundation (TAEF). The 18 target countries of NSP comprise the complete ASEAN plus South Asia, Australia and New Zealand. However, among Taiwan’s target countries, the most intensive investment and trade relations are maintained with the ASEAN region (mostly Vietnam, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia). The future might, however, bring about significant changes, as Mainland China has still been by far the biggest export market of Taiwan.

Liberalización comercial en Colombia: ¿modernización o trampa?

Este artículo analiza el comercio exterior colombiano para determinar por qué los resultados de la apertura no han sido satisfactorios frente a los propósitos que la impulsaron. Se plantea como hipótesis que el modelo de desarrollo está sujeto a dicha política y que la liberalización comercial no ha motivado el desarrollo de sectores que agreguen valor. Finalmente, mediante la teoría de los ciclos políticos, se sugiere que la economía colombiana puede estar atrapada en una trampa de dependencia económica internacional a la que ha contribuido la dirigencia política del país.

A Review of Metal Additive Manufacturing Application and Numerical Simulation

Metal additive manufacturing has achieved high economic benefits in aerospace, military, biomedical and other high value-added industries. It has good application prospects in automobile, nuclear power, petrochemical, ship and other traditional industries. The numerical simulation can effectively predict the thermal evolution, molten pool morphology, residual stress and deformation in the process of adding metal. However, due to the limitation of the calculation speed of commercial software such as ANSYS and ABAQUS, the calculation results are difficult to accurately guide the actual manufacturing process of adding metal components. Therefore, special simulation software for additive manufacturing should be developed to carry out simulation and prediction.

The Relationship Of NCS-Based Job Matching System Service Attributes, Satisfaction And Using Intention: The Moderating Effect of User Innovativeness

The reasons for the unemployment include the change in the economic structure and economy and the slump in job creation resulting from the shift of the industrial structure to high value-added industries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the overall satisfaction of the NCS-based job matching system.

개인의 동적 역량이 조직유효성에 미치는 영향과 셀프리더십의 매개효과 : 국내 화학기업을 중심으로

Before the financial crisis of 1997 in Korea, many industrial sectors across the country have achieved remarkable economic growth since the 1970s because of the development of large-scale equipment industries such as civil engineering, steel, construction and chemical industries. However, after the financial crisis, the economic growth rate has slowed down. Also, the global recession and the rise of China in the global business environment have led to a long-term recession in the national industry as a whole. In current economic environment, it is not easy for the companies even having excellent resources to continue its competitive advantage. Moreover, the chemical industry, which has an influence as a basic industry of other industries, misses the point of transformation into a high value-added industry, as shown in previous research. In order to meet the rapidly changing global business environment, Korean chemical companies should have a dynamic capabilities which to rapidly reallocate and consolidate the resources and capabilities they possess. The dynamic capabilities to convert, rearrange and develop the resources possessed by the company in the direction of creating high added value and to promptly search for, absorb, transform and fuse newly required capabilities and resources should be continuously applied to Korean chemical companies. It is the core competence to secure competitive advantage. In order to secure the dynamic capabilities of the company, the dynamic capabilities of individual employees should be strengthened and employees should be able to demonstrate their own leadership so that they can proactively work and self-manage in a positive direction. Previous studies have focused mainly on the dynamic capabilities of firms. However, the competence of the human resources that make up the enterprise leads to the capabilities of the enterprise, and the human resources themselves are also important corporate resources. This paper focuses on the dynamic capabilities of individuals and strives to clarify the causal relationship between dynamic capabilities, self-leadership, and organizational effectiveness which have direct or indirect effects on management outcome. The reasons for choosing the chemical industry are based on the fact that a domestic chemical companies are in a long-term recession, and they lacks a innovation and value creation capabilities. Also, chemical industry has a large impact on the national economy.

What Drove Changes in the Embodied Energy Consumption of Guangdong’s Exports from 2007–2012?

China’s economy has been highly reliant on exports in recent years, with Guangdong its biggest province in export trade volume. Despite the global financial crisis of 2008, exports from Guangdong continued to increase significantly; however, the energy consumption embodied in exports is unknown. In this study, we investigate the changes of energy embodied in exports from 2007 to 2012 in Guangdong Province. We use EIO (Environmental Input-Output) and LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method to find out the drivers of such changes embodied in total exports and export of each sector. Our results show: Firstly, from 2007 to 2012, the export structure in Guangdong has changed, reflecting in low energy intensity industry experiencing faster growth in exports than high energy intensity industry. Secondly, the growth rate of embodied energy consumption in Guangdong’s exports is slowing, with average annual growth from 2007 to 2012 of 6.8%. Thirdly, though Guangdong’s exports grew significantly, the energy consumption embodied therein decreased by 23% from 2007 to 2012, representing a drop of 50.51 Mtce. Finally, the most prominent change driver differed across sectors: For low value-added industries, such as metal smelting and rolling, the main contributor was export structure change, whereas for high value-added industries, such as communications, computers, and other electronic equipment, the main contributor was technical change. Guangdong is playing a leading role in industrial upgrading in China, and this has made the embodied energy consumption decreased obviously in Guangdong. It will be interesting to further investigate the trends of embodied energy consumption of other provinces in China, as this would give us deeper understanding of Chinese resource and environment problems.