High Value-added Industries Research Articles

Employment effects of international trade in the united states

This study examines the employment effects of international trade in the United States for the first half of the 1980s. Using data from 113 manufacturing sectors at the 3-digit SIC level and regression techniques, the study attempts to explain employment changes in U.S. manufacturing in terms of import penetration ratios, international competitiveness, labor productivity, investments in plant and equipment and the industry concentration ratios. The results suggest that, although rising imports in the manufacturing sector have an overall adverse effect on manufacturing employment, this broad generalization does not hold at a disaggregated level. It concludes that employment levels in high value-added industries appear to have registered significant gains from international trade, while low value-added industries seem to have experienced significant losses.

Provincial perspectives on technology and free trade

Ontario has generally supported freer trade because trade is important to the Canadian economy; reservations about FTA are because of specific terms. FTA or not, world trade is becoming more free and competitive. Because of the rise of the LDCs, the competitiveness of advanced countries will increasingly depend on high value-added goods and services. Yet Canada runs a deficit in high-growth, high value-added industries. In addressing this issue, government must focus its limited resources supporting technology where they will be most effective. R&D should be viewed as a public good, instead of being totally determined by market forces.

Overview of policy issues: Panel report on the role of the universities in economic development

Publisher Summary The aggregate character and long-term orientation of universities make it difficult to measure any concrete effects on the economy other than in some special cases, where several circumstances interact favorably. Silicon valley is a recent example alongside the classical one of the establishment of the chemical industry on the basis of new university research. The meaning of the term “economic development” might vary and, with it, the evaluation of the universities. In high-technology countries, with high value-added industries, the role of universities is high-level, whereas in countries with “low-technology”/value-added branches of industry, the universities might contribute to important improvements. The issue is closely related to what one means by the term “university” and its foremost aims, and whether one looks at old universities or newly-created ones. In the latter case, the act of establishing a new university or college in itself is coupled to other political measures, not of a regional development character.