High-tech Projects Research Articles

Investment in ecology to preserve the environment

Investing money in environmental protection measures is an investment project. The ecological problem is one of the global problems of our time. Disposal of household waste and their pollution of the environment is currently one of the most serious environmental problems in Russia. Human waste products also significantly affect the pollution of water bodies, since water that is used in cities for the needs of the population from the sewage system often enters directly into open water bodies, bypassing the system of treatment facilities, the quality of which leaves much to be desired: most of them almost cannot cope with their functions due to outdated and deteriorated equipment. In Russia, the national project “Ecology” has been adopted, since the need for the introduction of new technologies that do not harm the environment has long been acute.The subject of the studyis the investment of enterprises and organizations in environmental innovations for the preservation of natural resources.The purpose of the studyis the necessity and significance of investments in high-tech projects to improve the environmental situation and reduce emissions of pollutants into the air.Methodology.The financial support of the new national project “Ecology” has been studied. The companies that successfully implement the latest technologies in their production, focused on reducing the harm caused to the environment, thereby attracting investments in their projects, are highlighted.Results.Enterprises will be able to attract investments for the development of their own production only if they are attractive to investors, for whom such aspects of work as the introduction of modern technologies, taking into account the minimization of harm to the environment, are extremely important.

An approach to tackle negative effects in project management

We introduce a model to support scenario analysis while managing costs of high-tech project. If the project results from joint efforts of firms with one per single stage the model suggests budget redistribution in case of funding shortage or exchange rate volatility. Given negative outer effects for the project the model requires the project to be completed and this constraint forces firms to diminish their profit or to make a loan if needed. The model proposed suggests human-machine (expert) interaction to build scenario for analysis but is simpler compared to method of successive concessions from computational point of view.

Investment in ecology

Investing money in environmental protection measures is an investment project. The ecological problem is one of the global problems of our time. Disposal of household waste and their pollution of the environment is currently one of the most serious environmental problems in Russia. Human waste products also significantly affect the pollution of water bodies, since water that is used in cities for the needs of the population from the sewage system often enters directly into open water bodies, bypassing the system of treatment facilities, the quality of which leaves much to be desired: most of them almost cannot cope with their functions due to outdated and deteriorated equipment. In Russia, the national project “Ecology” has been adopted, since the need for the introduction of new technologies that do not harm the environment has long been acute. The subject of the study is the investment of enterprises and organizations in environmental innovations for the preservation of natural resources. The purpose of the study is the necessity and significance of investments in high-tech projects to improve the environmental situation and reduce emissions of pollutants into the air. Methodology. The financial support of the new national project “Ecology” has been studied. The companies that successfully implement the latest technologies in their production, focused on reducing the harm caused to the environment, thereby attracting investments in their projects, are highlighted. Results. Enterprises will be able to attract investments for the development of their own production only if they are attractive to investors, for whom such aspects of work as the introduction of modern technologies, taking into account the minimization of harm to the environment, are extremely important.

Priority directions of innovative and technological development of the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan

This article substantiates the priority directions of innovative and technological development of the agroindustrial complex of Kazakhstan at the present stage. Like the national innovation system of Kazakhstan as a whole, the scientific and innovative infrastructure of the country's agro-industrial complex, including agriculture, demonstrates a low ability to develop a critical mass of high-tech innovative technologies developed by domestic scientists and introduced into production. The current situation is aggravated by the low financial and investment potential of farmers ' entrepreneurs and the lack of an effective system for developing and distributing in-demand innovative knowledge and technology among agricultural producers, as is widely used in world practice. To solve these problems, the authors conducted a theoretical study of the possibilities of using the mechanism of public-private partnership and developing the activities of centers for the dissemination of innovative knowledge. In accordance with the best international practice, these measures are the main directions for increasing the scientific and innovative potential of entrepreneurs and farmers in Kazakhstan. Based on the analysis of international experience in applying the main forms of public-private partnership in the scientific and innovative sphere of the agro-industrial complex, priority measures are proposed to enhance the participation of institutional investors in long-term financing of hightech projects in agriculture. In conclusion, recommendations for further improving the scientific and innovative potential of agricultural producers in the country, including measures of state and institutional support for innovation processes, as well as mechanisms for creating a network for the dissemination of innovative knowledge among farmers are presented.

Role of Russia’s and China’s Higher Educational Institutions in the Development of Innovation Educational Clusters

The article is devoted to one of the most perspective mechanisms of innovation implementation in Russia and China – in the form of innovation educational clusters. The leading role of higher educational institutions is underlined in formation of innovative economy and high-tech projects, as well as in the decision of previously established and newly emerging constraints associated with global processes in the world economy. Based on the review and analysis of its results, the authors formulate proposals for applying the existing experience of implementing the cluster approach with the direct participation of higher education institutions in the creation of international innovative educational clusters for the formation of joint projects in the most promising industries and technologies, in particular, in the medical industry and pharmaceuticals. The relevance of the research is due to the need for further development of educational and scientific ties, trade and economic relations between Russia and China, increasing the competitiveness of both national economic systems as a whole, and high-tech enterprises of the two countries in domestic and global markets.

Sources of Financing High-Tech Projects

This article is aimed at considering current sources of financing for high-tech projects. In the article, statistical data confirm the orientation of developed and developing countries' economies towards the generation of high-tech products by the dynamics of added value in high-tech and medium-high-tech industries, respectively - support for high-tech manufacturing enterprises and industries as a whole. Lists of high and medium-high-tech adopted sectors in the Russian Federation, in the United States, and in European nations, and a list of critical technologies are given. Special attention is given to the essence of the high-tech projects, concept, through the implementation of a rise in the share of high-tech products. The article identifies the main characteristics that distinguish a high-tech project from an innovative one. The dynamics of value-added in high-tech and medium-high-tech sectors of the economies of developing and developed countries are studied in conjunction with R & D spending in high-tech sectors of these countries. On the example of the United States (the global leader in the high-tech industry), the structure of financing high-tech projects carried out by companies at the expense of internal financing, that is, own funds is investigated. Based on the Russian Federation, the volumes of attracted cash in the form of grants and the amount of borrowed cash in the form of a subsidy for the implementation of high-tech projects in dynamics for 2012-2018 are investigated.

Analysis of institutions for support of high–tech projects in the framework of the implementation of the Strategy for Innovative development of the Russian Federation

This article raises the problem of diffusion of high–tech projects and the provision of measures to support them. The study presents an analysis of Russian funds for supporting innovative business development, identifies the main support measures and criteria on the basis of which high–tech breakthrough companies are included in the scope of their projects. As a result, for small and medium–sized companies, proposals were formulated for targeted appeal to existing support funds.

Research on technology prospect risk of high-tech projects based on patent analysis.

The uncertainty of high technology has determined the high-risk character of high-tech projects. Thus, it is of great importance to effectively avoid the risk of high-tech projects by thoroughly analyzing projects' methodologies and fully understanding the technology prospect risk of projects in the feasibility study phase. This study proposes a systematic research framework to identify and analyze the technology prospect risk of projects based on patent analysis. Thus, text mining technology and principal component analysis are used to improve the traditional patent map method and construct a technology prospect risk map. Moreover, patent value evaluation and correlation analysis methods are combined to identify technology potential areas and calculate the value of technology prospect risk. At the same time, an empirical study is conducted with project cases in the field of optical communications, and the technology prospect risk situations of these projects are ascertained through qualitative and quantitative methods. The study is innovative and practical and offers a better combination of analysis methods for current technology development and specific projects.

Risk Management for High-Tech Investment Projects

The proposed mechanism not only decreases the risk of high-tech investment projects but also attracts additional financing. The individual fteatures of this mechanism are considered.

Intelligent System For Evaluating The Parameters Of Complex Objects

The current stage of development of science and technology is characterized, first of all, by the spread, withsimultaneous convergence of «high technologies»: nano-, bio-, informational and cognitive. This fact determines a steadytrend towards an increase in high-tech projects based on these technologies. In these conditions, the task of forming, onthe one hand, such a team of employees, the level of competence of which will ensure the effective implementation ofhigh-tech projects, and on the other hand, to carry out a rational distribution of human resources in order to effectivelyimplement the entire portfolio of projects, becomes very urgent. Human capital, as the basis of the intellectual capital of an IT company, is a complex object because it is characterized by many parameters (qualifications, competence,creativity, creative way of thinking, etc.) that allow an IT company to create high-tech projects. To assess the parametersof complex objects, it is necessary to use a combination of various assessment methods, in particular, qualimetry (qualityassessment) methods, classification methods, heuristic methods, decomposition methods and project managementmethodology. The creation of an automated information system for evaluating the parameters of complex objects forassessing the personnel of an IT company using the example of finding project managers is an urgent task, and giventhe complexity and multifactorial nature of the solution, it is necessary to use a knowledge-based system, that is, anintelligent information system

ICO as a Modern Method for Financing High-Tech Projects

ABSTRACT Attracting investments is one of the most significant problems faced by management at any stage of a business project’s life cycle. Besides traditional fundraising channels, relatively new methods of raising financing, such as crowdfunding and initial coin offerings (ICOs), have recently become more widespread. This route is most frequently used by teams implementing high-tech projects. Investor interest is heating up because of the rapid growth of cryptocurrencies and also because of the policies of a number of leading countries that support the circulation of cryptocurrencies and cryptocurrency transactions. This article surveys global experience with ICO and conducts a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis of this mechanism for attracting investments. It also considers examples from the actual economic practice of recent years. These examples illustrate the capabilities and limitations of this method. Taking these into account, the article formulates several scenarios for the development of the technology used to create and use cryptocurrencies. It also assesses the prospects for carrying out an ICO based on issuing such currencies.

Linking HEIs with the production sector: A communication approach between key actors in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

To keep up with rapid evolutions in technical and scientific developments, countries must create competitive dynamics that enable key actors to generate high-tech projects, boosting both a country’s productivity and economic development. Higher education institutions (HEIs), with their intellectual capital and as core generators of knowledge, are one of the main actors in these dynamics, particularly given their societal responsibilities and contributions to intellectual development and technical knowledge in the community. This article aims to identify the relationship patterns required for actors to create a fully participatory and integrative process between HEIs and the production sector (PS). This integrative and linking process generates and improves technical projects in the region. Through a literature review and an analysis of current empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the relationship between these two sectors in the region, an interrelational map has been developed. This map aims to highlight key activities to be considered during the execution of the linkage and to identify an ecosystem of necessary elements to develop a diagnostic evaluation tool. This tool may be used to define the ideal conditions that should lead to project development between the HEIs and the PS. The article presents the region of Ciudad Juárez in Mexico as a case study.

Compiling Investment Attractiveness Rating of the Largest Russian Companies Using Minimax Approach

Purpose of research.The actuality of the problem of the integrated (complex) assessment of investment attractiveness of large Russian companies is due to the need of increasing production volumes and improves processing technologies of the largest sectors of the Russian economy, as well as the requirements of the accelerated growth of high-tech exports. The purpose of this study is to develop rating of investment attractiveness of companies using minimax approach and hierarchical data analysis. Decision about share structure of investment distribution contributes to the implementation of important knowledge-intensive projects for the development of major industry companies. Integral rating of companies plays a leading role in making investment decisions. Research hypothesis of the minimax approach application and hierarchical data analysis will allow developing an intelligent computerized system that will perform real-time calculations and make recommendations on share distribution of investments of the largest Russian companies using a hierarchical rating procedure and minimax approach.Materials and methods.Currently, methodological tools for rating of investment attractiveness of the largest Russian companies are at initial stage of development, although the relevance of such studies in world practice has reached the highest level, thanks to leading rating agencies that have their own methodology and justified methodology for rating companies. Until middle of 2017 when developing investment strategies for the development of Russian industry giants, the opinions of the international rating agencies of “big three”: Standard & Poor's, Fitch Ratings, Moody's and experts of Forbes magazine were taken into account. However, due to reduction in the activity of foreign expertise in Russia, it became necessary to develop and implement its own rating methodology for assessing the investment attractiveness of companies. Current rating approach (accredited Agency Expert RA), as well as young and promising rating agencies need new and mathematically sound approach to compile rating, which optimizes investment process for the most important high-tech projects by priority indicators and industry sign companies. Author's methodology is based at analysis of statistical indicators of companies in the most important sectors of economy. The important feature of the developed method is using author's mathematical apparatus, including a hierarchical analysis of the ranked indicators of financial-economic activity of companies according to their priority and application of minimax approach to obtain rating of companies based at industry characteristics.Results. Method developed in the paper is based at logical rules of grouping companies, allows obtaining rating of companies and rating of leading Russian industries, which companies were considered in data analysis. By using obtained ratings and minimax approach, the rating of investment attractiveness of the companies is made (taking into account industry affiliation). Proposed method has scientific novelty, due to hierarchical procedure of ranking indicators and minimax problem. More that author’s method allows obtaining rating assessment of investment attractiveness of companies, taking into account industry characteristic. In this paper, computational experiments were performed, which used indicators on volume of output and profit of the largest (by volume of output) companies in Russia. Computational experiments have shown the leading role of oil and gas and banking companies in Russian economy.Conclusion. The practical use of the developed method of integral ranking of companies allows optimizing process of allocation the investment resources and contributes to expansion of production of high-tech products produced by leading companies of the most important sectors of Russian economy. Proposed method is advisable for using in investment strategies for the development of high-tech projects. Efficiency of the developed rating of Russian companies has been demonstrated at practice of assessing the largest Russian companies; results are complemented, expanded and enriched by existing research of specialists and leading rating agencies. The author recommends using presented tools for optimization the investment resources for development of the most important industry companies in Russia.

Цифровые технологии как ключевой инструмент повышения эффективности нефтегазовой отрасли России в современных условиях функционирования

Complicated mining and geological conditions for the development of hydrocarbon fields is a modern trend in the development of the world’s oil and gas industry, which leads to rising costs, decreased economic efficiency and increased risks. In these conditions the main factor in increasing the efficiency of the upstream segment of the Russian oil and gas industry is the transition to the principles of “Industry 4.0”, and the key tool is digital technologies. The article presents the results of the studying of the world and domestic experience of the upstream segment digitalization, evaluation of the results of the introduction of digital technologies by the enterprises of the oil and gas sector. There are problems of implementation of digital solutions including financial support of the process of digital transformation of the industry and the necessity of replacing foreign technologies, especially software, in the conditions of sectoral sanctions. As a measure of state support for the industry, we propose to sign an agreement between two key ministries (the Ministry of Energy of Russian Federation and the Ministry of communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation) and “Gazprombank Leasing. It’s necessary for implementation of a preferential leasing program for the introduction of “end-to-end” digital technologies and platform solutions involving co-financing from the budget, participation in the formation of a high-tech project pool and the organization of information exchange.

The methodological apparatus for planning and regulating trends in high-tech production costs under risk

Subject. The article discusses the methodological apparatus for assessing how many financial resources are needed, and optimize their gradual consumption in high-tech production projects. Results of the projects can be forecasted only as a probable estimate, since there is great uncertainty due to a multitude of random factors. Objectives. The study aims to form the methodological apparatus to assess the amount of financial resources needed under risk and substantiate the reasonable strategy for consuming them in high-tech production projects within a given period of time. The apparatus is to allow for quick adjustments of the financing plan and estimation of project expenditures. Methods. We applied the comprehensive approach to planning and regulating trends in high-tech production costs, methods of economic and mathematical modeling and the probability theory. Results. We reviewed methods used to assess how many financial resources are needed through demand probability distribution laws. Based on them, we devised the interval technique for regulating cost trends so as to substantiate the reasonable strategy for the performance of projects with the desired probability within the given period of time. What distinguishes the interval technique is that it provides the overall vision of the period, during which the project will be performed, and the probability of the advanced prediction of a shortage or excess of financial resources. Conclusions and Relevance. The methodological apparatus proposed herein will facilitate the technological and economic evaluation of various options of high-tech production and choose those ones which ensure the best use of financial resources, quickly regulate the economic dynamism throughout the high-tech production phases in line with a variety of factors, which randomly emerge at certain phases.

The US Foreign Investment Regulation: Trade War Restrictions

Over the past several years, the United States has taken a leading position in the world in attractiveness to foreign investors, largely due to the policy of favoring foreign investment and the absence of significant restrictions on incoming FDI. Currently the United States are trying to find a balance between openness to foreign investment and emerging issues related to the economy and national security. As a result of the adoption of the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act in 2018, the authority of the US Foreign Investments Committee was significantly expanded and the requirements for transactions were tightened, in particular, monitoring and verification of compliance with national security requirements. Despite the fact that these measures affected all incoming FDI in the United States, they are primarily an instrument of competition between the United States and China. Restrictions on outbound investment by China, as well as new requirements on the part of the United States, have significantly reduced the flow of FDI from China to the United States, especially in high-tech industries and infrastructure projects. Meanwhile, the US direct investment in China has remained stable over the past few years. In addition, there are some industry regulations on the share of foreign investors in the capital of energy companies, broadcasting companies, banks and others. Investment relations between the two countries, according to the investors, despite political and trade contradictions, remain quite close.

Методические основы формирования корпоративной системы управления высокотехнологичными проектами в сфере НИОКР

Методические основы формирования корпоративной системы управления высокотехнологичными проектами в сфере НИОКР

Глобальні тренди розвитку венчурного капіталу та їх вплив на інвестування високотехнологічних проєктів

Глобальні тренди розвитку венчурного капіталу та їх вплив на інвестування високотехнологічних проєктів

Contradictory Results of the GULAG Activities in the European North-East of the USSR

The author outlines the conflicts in the actions of the GULAG in the Soviet European north-east. Mobilization facilities of the GULAG allowed creating fuel and energy sources in the North-East of the country in short terms. Due to the GULAG, industries were being developed in the district without any prerequisites. Activities of the victimized population produced fulfillment of important innovative projects at the world level for that time. Primitive methods were often used for the creation of ambitious and high-tech projects with a great portion of manual labor. Forced migration brought about growth in population in the district, forced growth in the urban population, and rapid development of the area. Meanwhile, urbanization process proceeded spontaneously, without taking into consideration some of the possible negative effects of towns’ development having appeared at the camp centers. The need to relocate population from the North is a serious modern problem dating back to the GULAG. Industrial development of the area was followed by the attempt at making life of the locals a little bit more civilized: the victimized population created a health-care system in the Northern districts of the Komi Republic, as well as a personnel-training system, cultural institutions (theaters, social clubs, libraries, publishing houses) and education. Besides, a drastic change in the way of life of the locals under the impact of the GULAG economic activities brought about the destruction of the traditional way of life, loss of self-identity, and transformation of traditional morality. The industrial processes fulfilled by the GULAG were accompanied by the formation and development of the system of training skilled personnel for industries and transportation. At the same time, the wasteful squandering of the skilled prisoners’ abilities and talents occurred in the GULAG camps. The concentration of the labor force in the GULAG camps in the region encouraged the exploration of natural resources in the area in the short term and resulted in a developed economy. At the same time, the development by the camp method caused irreparable injury to the nature of the region. The camps’ economic activities led to the formation of new advanced industrial branches, transportation system, and social infrastructure as modernization phenomena. However, the totalitarian regime did not allow the introduction of the elements of the classical liberalism in the modernization processes. Industrial modernization was carried out by means of coercive labor, deprived of their civil rights, alongside with the lack of democratic values. Modernization was halved and pared-down.

GREEN ENERGY PROJECT`S EFFICIENCY: A CROSS-INDUSTRY EVALUATION

Renewable energy attracts wide attention of world due to high importance and relevance. The study is devoted to this topic and aims to identify critical Project Management (further PM) knowledge areas those affect efficiency of green energy project, and to reveal PM tools those increase an efficiency. The study investigates 253 high-tech projects from Kazakhstan and compares green energy projects with projects from other industries like Information technologies (further IT), nanotechnologies and communications. Authors use Project Management Planning Quality (further PMPQ) model for measuring the efficiency of these projects and for identifying critical factors of efficiency. Results show that IT projects have highest level of efficiency (cost overrun –12,2%, schedule overrun –2,8%, project performance –8,8), when green energy projects show average level of efficiency (cost overrun – 45,13%, schedule overrun –6,2%, project performance –7,5). Research findings link these results with use intensity of PM processes. Project efficiency evaluation has also revealed critical knowledge areas for green energy projects like project schedule management, communication management, risk and quality management. Thus, authors have suggested tools and techniques from revealed knowledge areas for improving efficiency of project.Keywords: Green Energy Project, Project Efficiency, Project Management, Project Planning, Kazakhstan. JEL Classifications: C39, O21, Q20, Q42DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8137