High Ss Research Articles

Utilization of SYNTAX Score II for Predictive Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Chronic Renal Insufficiency Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

The SYNTAX score II (SS II) has earned widespread recognition for use on individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) due to its reliable predictions of 4-year all-cause mortality (ACM). This research focuses on substantiating the prognostic significance of using the SS II for patients experiencing concurrent chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and CAD who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study retrospectively examined 2468 patients with concurrent CAD and CRI who underwent PCI. Based on their SS II, these participants were sorted into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups and monitored over a median of three years. The evaluation of the predictive precision of different SYNTAX scores for clinical outcomes in patients with CRI after PCI involved using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. These included the standard SS (SS), SS II, clinical SS (CSS), and residual SS (rSS). The primary outcomes were ACM and cardiac mortality (CM), while the secondary outcomes covered major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), stroke, unplanned revascularization, and myocardial infarction (MI). Higher 5-year cumulative incidences of MACCEs, MI, CM, and ACM were observed significantly in patients in the high SS II category relative to those in the low and medium SS II categories. Multivariable Cox regression analysis confirmed that the SS II independently predicts ACM, CM, MI, and MACCEs as a prognostic marker. Additionally, the analysis of the time-dependent ROC curve demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUC) for predicting CM and ACM were 0.772 and 0.767, respectively, which are superior to those of other SYNTAX scores (p < 0.05). As an independent predictor, the SS II is notable for its ability to forecast long-term adverse outcomes, including MACCEs, CM, ACM, and MI. For patients with coexisting CAD and CRI undergoing PCI, it provides significantly improved prognostic accuracy for 5-year ACM and CM compared to other SYNTAX scores.

Investigation of recessed‐source/drain SOI feedback FET‐based integrate and fire neuron circuit with compact model of threshold switching devices

AbstractIn this article, the investigation of recessed‐source/drain (Re‐S/D) SOI feedback FET (FBFET)‐based integrate and fire (IF) neuron circuit parameters is presented using a threshold switching device compact model. FBFETs offer high ION and low SS with minimal power consumption, operating efficiently at lower voltages and currents than conventional MOSFETs. Utilizing ION/IOFF ratio and threshold voltage limits (Vt2/Vt1) of the device, a model is developed to mimic hysteresis characteristics, which is then used to implement an IF neuron circuit. Our findings show that altering the Re‐S/D thickness between 0 and 50 nm enhances the ION of the device under study while decreasing hysteresis width. We detected a significant increase in output spike frequency of 46.8% and 65.14% for input current pulse amplitudes of 5 and 20 nA, respectively. Furthermore, increasing the Re‐S/D thickness from 0 to 50 nm led to a significant 29.97% enhancement in spike amplitude. In addition, when using input current pulse amplitudes of 5 and 20 nA, we saw energy savings per spike of 3.36% and 12.7%, respectively. At the same time, there was an increase in power of 8.69% and 9.54%. These enhancements in performance metrics establish our proposed integrate and fire neuron circuit as a promising candidate for efficient neuromorphic system implementation.

Features of drug-drug interactions rivaroxaban and calcium channel blockers depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) in patients 80 years of age and older with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

Background. The use of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors and carriage of certain ABCB1 polymorphisms can lead to increased concentrations of rivaroxaban and the development of bleeding.The aim of the study. To study the features of drug-drug interactions (DDI) of rivaroxaban in patients over 80 years of age with non-valvular atrial fibrillation depending on the ABCB1 genotype (rs1045642 and rs4148738) using the example of verapamil (P-gp inhibitor) and amlodipine.Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were examined (median age – 87.5 [83–90] years). Genotyping, determination of the minimum equilibrium concentration of rivaroxaban (Cmin, ss), with standardization for the daily dose (Cmin, ss/D), coagulogram and analysis of medical documentation for the presence of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNM) were carried out. Analysis of CRNM was performed depending on the ABCB1 genotype.Results. The use of rivaroxaban with verapamil in comparison with patients not taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs) leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CC genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738); Сmin, ss and Сmin, ss/D in the CT genotype (rs1045642); prothrombin time in the CC genotype (rs1045642), more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). In comparison with patients taking amlodipine, it leads to high Cmin, ss values in the CT genotype (rs1045642), a more frequent occurrence of CRNM in the TT genotype (rs1045642, rs4148738). The use of rivaroxaban with amlodipine in comparison with patients not taking CCBs leads to high Cmin, ss and Cmin, ss/D values in the CC genotype (rs1045642) (p &lt; 0.017).Conclusion. The use of verapamil with rivaroxaban in ABCB1 TT carriers (rs4148738 and rs4148738) leads to the development of CRNM in 75 and 78 % of cases, respectively. In patients taking rivaroxaban, it is advisable to test the ABCB1 genotype (rs4148738 and rs4148738) before adding a P-gp inhibitor to therapy.

The Impact of SYNTAX Score with Longterm Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review

The SYNTAX score was designed to predict the postprocedural risk associated with PCI or surgical revascularization. This study aims to evaluate long term (&gt;5 years) outcome of PCI with CABG by comparing several existing studies. A systematic search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. This systematic review used all studies in the field of differences in outcome of PCI and CABG intervention in left main coronary artery stenosis. This study used cross sectional study design with a systematic review method based on several cohort studies. The search was conducted until February 10th, 2023. Assessment of the study quality was carried out using the criteria of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Based on the final assessment, all included studies had a mean NOS score of 8 which could be interpreted as excellent quality. Our search yielded 1675 studies of which we included 5 studies for the final analysis. A total of 5.494 patients were treated with PCI and CABG. In this study, there were differences outcome in low, medium and high syntax scores on long term major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and long term mortality. However, the similar outcome was obtained in long term revascularization, long term stroke and long term Miokard Infark (MI). Left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis patients with low to high SS may result various long-term outcomes. CABG is associated with lower incidence of mortality, repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, and MACCE than PCI. Meanwhile, PCI gives lower incidence of stroke.

Discovery and Visualization of the Hidden Relationships among N-Glycosylation, Disulfide Bonds, and Membrane Topology.

Membrane proteins (MPs) are functionally important but structurally complex. In particular, MPs often carry three structural features, i.e., transmembrane domains (TMs), disulfide bonds (SSs), and N-glycosylation (N-GLYCO). All three features have been intensively studied; however, how the three features potentially correlate has been less addressed in the literature. With the growing accuracy from computational prediction, we used publicly available information on SSs and N-GLYCO and analyzed the potential relationships among post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the predicted membrane topology in the human proteome. Our results suggested a very close relationship between SSs and N-GLYCO that behaved similarly, whereas a complementary relation between the TMs and the two PTMs was also revealed, in which the high SS and/or N-GLYCO presence is often accompanied by a low TM occurrence in a protein. Furthermore, the occurrence of SSs and N-GLYCO in a protein heavily relies on the protein length; however, TMs seem not to possess such length dependence. Finally, SSs exhibits larger potential dynamics than N-GLYCO, which is confined by the presence of sequons. The special classes of proteins possessing extreme or unique patterns of the three structural features are comprehensively identified, and their structural features and potential dynamics help to identify their susceptibility to different physiological and pathophysiological insults, which could help drug development and protein engineering.

Oily wastewater treatment and reuse technology in low permeability oilfield

This paper takes Ordos Huaqing ultra-low permeability oilfield as the research object, analyzes the composition of the produced oily wastewater, and uses the treatment process of multiphase air flotation to shell filtration to quartz sand filtration to multi-effect evaporation to reuse the oily wastewater in the oilfield, analyzes the index changes of the purified oily wastewater. The results show that it has high oil content, salinity, sulfide, SS, sulfide and iron and manganese content. Through experimental combination and analysis of effluent quality, it is concluded that the process of multiphase air flotation→shell filtration→sand filtration→low temperature multi-effect evaporation is better, The average salinity of sewage in Huaqing oilfield used in the experiment is 2757 mg/L. and the dosage of polyaluminum chloride is 230 mg/L, polyacrylamide is 6 mg/L, the dissolved gas pressure of multiphase air flotation machine is 0.5 MPa, the reflux ratio of multiphase air flotation machine is 0.3, the dosage of defoamer is 5 mg/L, and the pH value is set at 5.5. The best treatment process of oilfield sewage and the best concentration of polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide are obtained. The research results provide theoretical data support for improving the treatment and reuse of oily wastewater in low permeability oilfield.

Correlation between Global Longitudinal and Circumferential Peak Systolic Strain and Coronary Artery Disease Severity as Assessed by the Angiographically Derived SYNTAX Score

Abstract Aim and objectives the main objective of the current study is to assess the correlation between the SYNTAX score in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography and the longitudinal and circumferential peak systolic strain performed at rest by speckle tracking echocardiography to predict the presence, extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Patients and Methods The study included 60 patients suspected to have coronary artery disease either by symptoms or done a positive non-invasive test for myocardial ischemia with no history of previous ischemia and no previously detected segmental wall motion abnormalities in previous resting echocardiogram. All patients were recruited from the catheter laboratory at the cardiology department of Ain Shams university hospitals and they underwent echocardiographic assessment before elective coronary angiography. Results The study included 60 symptomatic patients suspected to have chronic coronary syndrome aging 31 to 77 years (excluding those with significant structural heart disease). All patients underwent clinical evaluation, surface electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiographic, twodimensional speckle tracking, and conventional coronary angiography with SYNTAX score calculation. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the results of the coronary angiogram: normal CAD on angiogram (n = 12), low SS (n = 28, SS &amp;lt; 22), and high SS (n = 20, SS ≥ 22). Age, sex and most of the risk factors had no statistically significant correlation with the SYNTAX score while There was a significant inverse correlation between GLPSS and GCPSS and SS values (r = 0.458, P = 0.0002), (r = 0.411, P = 0.0011) respectively. Conclusion The results of our study suggest that GLPSS and GCPSS might be promising for the detection of patients with high SYNTAX score on coronary angiogram. There is an inverse correlation between resting GLPSS and GCPSS and SYNTAX score as assessed by coronary angiography.

The level of serum total bile acid is related to atherosclerotic lesions, prognosis and gut Lactobacillus in acute coronary syndrome patients

Background Bile acids play crucial roles in various metabolisms, as well as Lactobacillus in the intestine. But studies on their roles in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are still insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate their role and potential association with the severity of coronary lesions and the prognosis of ACS. Methods Three hundred and sixty ACS patients were selected. Detection of gut Lactobacillus levels was done through 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Evaluation of the extent of lesions was done using the SYNTAX (SS) score. Mediation analysis was used to assess the relationship between serum total bile acid (TBA), Lactobacillus, atherosclerotic lesions and prognosis of ACS. Results Logistic regressive analysis disclosed that serum TBA and Lactobacillus were independent predictors of coronary lesions (high vs. low SS: serum TBA adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6–0.9, p < .01; Lactobacillus: aOR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.9–1.0, p = .03). According to multivariate Cox regression analysis, they were negatively correlated with the overall risk of all-cause death (serum TBA: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.0–0.6, p = .02; Lactobacillus: aHR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9, p = .01), especially in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) but not in unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Ulteriorly, mediation analysis showed that serum TBA played an important role as a mediation effect in the following aspects: Lactobacillus (17.0%, p < .05) → SS association (per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase), Lactobacillus (43.0%, p < .05) → all-cause death (per 1 SD increase) and Lactobacillus (45.4%, p < .05) → cardiac death (per 1 SD increase). Conclusions The lower serum TBA and Lactobacillus level in ACS patients, especially in AMI, was independently linked to the risk of coronary lesions, all-cause death and cardiac death. In addition, according to our mediation model, serum TBA served as a partial intermediate in predicting coronary lesions and the risk of death by Lactobacillus, which is paramount to further exploring the mechanism of Lactobacillus and bile acids in ACS. KEY MESSAGES Lower level of serum total bile acid (TBA) was highly associated with the severity of coronary lesions, myocardial damage, inflammation and gut Lactobacillus in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, especially in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Lower level of serum TBA was highly associated with mortality (including all-cause death and cardiac death) in patients with ACS, especially with AMI. Serum TBA had a partial mediating effect rather than regulating effect between gut Lactobacillus and coronary lesions and prognosis of ACS.

Predicting Response to Polytrauma through Resolution of Immunologic Mediators

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background/Objective:&#x0D; Traumatic injury can lead to hemorrhagic shock and hypoperfusion in patients precipitating multiple organ dysfunction. This study adopts a precision medicine approach to identifying biological markers in predicting patient response to polytraumatic injury. Clusters of cytokines can be used to model the immunologic response to traumatic injury. We hypothesized that analyzing the resolution of immunologic mediators in clusters would reveal differences among groups of patients identified to be sensitive/tolerant to hemorrhagic shock.&#x0D; Methods:&#x0D; Patients were required to have a stay in the ICU, one surgical operation, and a lower extremity traumatic injury. Blood samples were collected on patients at 0, 1, 12, 24, and 48 hours after injury. Multiplex analyses of 33 immunologic mediators were performed. A square- root transformation was applied to Luminex data before calculating z-scores (scores &gt; 3 eliminated). Z-scores were summed to calculate composite cluster scores. T-tests were conducted to determine statistical significance.&#x0D; Results:&#x0D; High SHVL shows higher inflammatory cluster levels and lower orchestration than low SHVL. Low SHVL shows higher reparative cluster levels and lower orchestration than high SHVL. High SHVL shows higher proinflammatory 1 levels before 12 hr and at 48 hr than low SHVL. Low SHVL has higher proinflammatory 2 levels and less orchestration at 0, 12, and 24 hr. Low SHVL has higher type 2 cluster levels than high SHVL. SS shows higher lymphoid cluster levels at 0 hr and 1 hr than ST. SS has higher reparative cluster levels than ST, while ST has more orchestration. SS has higher proinflammatory 2 cytokine levels, while ST shows more orchestration. SS has higher type 2 cluster levels, while ST shows more orchestration.&#x0D; Conclusions:&#x0D; Cumulative hypoperfusion at time of injury is correlated with higher inflammatory cluster and proinflammatory 1 and 2 cluster cytokine levels as shown by both high SHVL and SS groups. Sensitivity to hemorrhagic shock and lesser hypoperfusion correlate to higher reparative cytokine cluster levels. Proinflammatory 2 cluster cytokine levels can be used to predict organ dysfunction.&#x0D; Clinical Impact and Implications:&#x0D; This work presents findings that can inform acute trauma care through immunologic mediators and patient characteristics.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Effects of High Temperature and Waterlogging Stress on Cellulase Activity of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage

Two non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties&nbsp;&#39;Heiyoudong&#39; and&nbsp;&#39;Suzhouqing&#39; were used as materials&nbsp;to study the effects of high temperature and waterlogging&nbsp;stress on the activities of enzymes related to cellulose synthesis in non-heading Chinese cabbage.&nbsp;The two varieties&nbsp;had&nbsp;different resistance to high temperature and waterlogging.&nbsp;Three temperature gradients of 24℃, 35℃ and 40℃ were&nbsp;set, and each temperature&nbsp;was&nbsp;set&nbsp;two treatments, waterlogging&nbsp;and non-waterlogging. The results showed that under high temperature stress, the CesA, SS, and KOR enzyme activities of &#39;Heiyoudong&#39; and &#39;Suzhouqing&#39; showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, while the trend of CE enzyme activity was opposite. Under the combined stress of high temperature and waterlogging, the changed&nbsp;trend of the enzyme activities related to cellulose synthesis in &#39;Heiyoudong&#39; and &#39;Suzhouqing&#39; is similar to that of a single high temperature stress, but the degree of impact is greater than that of a single high temperature stress. In addition, regardless of high temperature stress, high temperature and waterlogging&nbsp;combined stress, the increase in CesA, SS, and KOR activities in&nbsp;&#39;Heiyoudong&#39; was greater than that of &#39;Suzhouqing&#39;, but the decrease was less than that of &#39;Suzhouqing&#39;; The increase in CE activity of &#39;Suzhouqing&#39; is less than that of &#39;Suzhouqing&#39;, but the decrease rate is greater than that of &#39;Suzhouqing&#39;.

Association of Tp-e/QT ratio with SYNTAX score II in patients with coronary artery disease

Background. The SYNTAX score II (SS) is an angiographic tool, which grades the complexity of coronary artery lesions and predicts short- and long-term events. Tp-e/QT ratio is a novel electrocardiographic marker for the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. We aimed to investigate whether there was a correlation between SS and Tp-e/QT ratio.Methods. A total of 227 consecutive patients who underwent elective coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. Patients who had a lumen diameter >1.5 mm and at least % 50 diameter stenosis on coronary angiogram were determined as coronary artery disease (CAD) group, and others were identified as a control group. The SS was calculated for the CAD group, and SS ≥23 was defined as a high SS group, and SS < 23 was identified as a low SS group. Electrocardiographic indices, such as Tp-e and Tp-e/QT, were measured for all patients. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed with variables age, interventricular septum thickness (IVS), hypertension, and Tp-e/QT. Results. Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio were higher in the CAD group compared with the control group. Tp-e, corrected Tp-e (cTP-e) and Tp-e/QT were higher in the high SS group than in the low SS group. The cTp-e and Tp-e/QT were correlated with SS score. Age, IVS and Tp-e/QT ratio were independent predictors of high SS in the logistic regression analysis. Conclusions. Tp-e/QT ratio was an independent predictor of high SS and might be used for risk stratification in CAD patients.

Blood Viscosity in COVID-19 Patients With Sudden Deafness

BackgroundChanges in blood viscoelastic properties have been proposed previosuly as etiopathogenesis for severe complications in COVID-19 and some cases of Sudden Deafness (SD). This is an attempt to verify if SD cases in patients admitted for SARS-Cov-2 infection can be correlated. Patients and methodsA prospective follow-up was carried out with COVID-19 patients, monitoring their blood viscosity (BV) at high shear rate (300 s−1) and inquiring them periodically for eventual hearing loss. This measurement was extended to cases bearing of SD in 2019 and 2020 without infection and a control group of healthy normoacoustic subjects. ResultsThe normality range was 4,16 ± 0,62 cps. 330 cases admitted for COVID-19 were evaluated from February 24th, 2020 to March 24th, 2021, 85 of them attended in ICU. After anamnesis and Audiometric Tone Thresholds developed as soon as possible, 9 SD were detected, all belonging to ICU group. The mean BV was 4,38 ± 0,43 cps in the ward group, 4,53 ± 0,39 cps in the ICU patients without SD, and 4,85 ± 0,52 cps in the cases with SD, with statistically significant differences. Highest BV elevations in the SD cases were detected between days 6 and 10 of hospital admission. In 2019 four cases consulted with SD, and another two did it in 2020 without a diagnosis of COVID-19, with normal BV values. ConclusionsDuring SARS-Cov-2 infection, patients may show high BV and SS, although an inpatients control group and a larger sample volume are necessary to confirm the predisposition to hyperviscosity. The incidence of hearing damage is considerable if its possible appearance is taken into account, within the limitations of critical patients with COVID-19.

Agronomic performance of rootstocks on the juice grape ‘BRS Magna’ grown in a Brazilian semi-arid region

Abstract Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture worldwide and can affect the yield components and quality of grapes and their juices and wines. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the rootstock on the yield performance and physical and physical-chemical traits of ‘BRS Magna’ juice grapes grown in the Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. The study was performed over six production cycles in the period from 2015 to 2019 in the Bebedouro experimental field of Embrapa Semiárido in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of seven grapevine rootstocks: IAC 572, IAC 766, IAC 313, Paulsen 1103, SO4, Harmony, and Freedom. The following variables were evaluated: estimated yield, number of grape bunches per plant, branch and leaf fresh matter, bunch weight, bunch length and width, berry weight, total soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS to TA ratio (SS:TA). Significant effects of the rootstock were observed in all the variables except for SS. The rootstock ‘IAC 572’ led to increases of up to 61% in the yield of ‘BRS Magna’ grapevines, or 32.78 ton.ha-1, with significant responses in the other yield components. Results of the scatterplot in relation to the first three principal components allowed separation of the rootstocks in accordance with production cycles. The mean values for SS and TA characterize this cultivar in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco, with high soluble solids content and low acidity resulting in high SS:TA, as having potential for preparation of high quality juices, regardless of the rootstock used.

Viscosidad sanguínea en pacientes COVID-19 con sordera súbita

AntecedentesLa alteración en las propiedades viscoelásticas de la sangre ha sido anteriormente propuesta como etiopatogenia de complicaciones severas por COVID-19 y algunos casos de sordera súbita (SS). Pretendemos verificar si la aparición de casos de SS en pacientes ingresados por infección por SARS-CoV-2 puede correlacionarse de este modo.Pacientes y métodosEstudio longitudinal prospectivo de pacientes ingresados en nuestro Centro por COVID-19, efectuando monitorización de la viscosidad sanguínea (VS) a alta velocidad de cizallamiento (300 seg-1) y un requerimiento periódico personal sobre hipoacusia. Esta determinación se extendió a casos atendidos por SS sin infección en 2019 y 2020 y un grupo control de sujetos sanos normoacúsicos.ResultadosEl rango de normalidad se situó en 4,16±0,62 cps. Entre el 24 de febrero de 2020 y el 24 de marzo de 2021 se evaluaron 330 casos ingresados por COVID-19, 85 asistidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Fueron identificadas tras anamnesis y Audiometría Tonal Liminar (ATL) todo lo inmediata que el status clínico lo permitió hasta nueve casos con SS, todos pertenecientes al grupo de UCI. La VS media fue 4,38±0,43 cps en el grupo de sala, 4,53±0,39 cps en los pacientes en UCI sin SS, y 4,85±0,52 cps en los casos con SS, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Las mayores elevaciones de la VS en los casos con SS se detectaron entre los días seis y 10 del ingreso hospitalario. En 2019 consultaron cuatro casos y otros 2 en 2020 sin diagnóstico de COVID-19, con valores normales de VS.ConclusionesDurante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 los pacientes pueden presentar elevación en la VS y SS, si bien se hacen necesarios un grupo control hospitalario y un volumen muestral mayor para confirmar la predisposición a la hiperviscosidad. La incidencia del daño auditivo resulta considerable si se tiene en cuenta su posible aparición en pacientes críticos con COVID-19.

Dog bite wounds in cats: a retrospective study of 72 cases.

Bite wounds are a common cause of trauma in cats; nevertheless, large-scale studies of this trauma in cats are lacking. The aims of the present study were to characterise the clinical and clinicopathological findings in these cats, to assess the association of these variables and therapeutic measures with survival, and to assess the association between the animal trauma triage (ATT) score and severity of injuries score (SS) at presentation with survival. The medical records of cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital and two large referral clinics were reviewed retrospectively. The study included 72 cats diagnosed with canine bite wounds (with the dog attacks having been witnessed). Seventy-one percent of cats suffered multiple injuries, and there was a significant association between the number of injured body areas and survival, and between severity of injury and survival (P = 0.02 and P = 0.012, respectively). The median ATT scores and SSs for non-survivors were significantly higher compared with survivors (P <0.0001). There was a strong and significant correlation between ATT scores and SSs (r = 0.704, P <0.0001). Total protein and albumin were significantly lower and alanine aminotransferase significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors (P ⩽0.032). Fifty percent of cats were treated conservatively, 32% by local surgical debridement and 18% of cats required an exploratory procedure. Cats undergoing more aggressive treatments were significantly less likely to survive (P = 0.029). Fifty-seven cats (79%) survived to discharge. Cats sustaining canine bite wounds have a good overall prognosis for survival to discharge. High ATT score, high SS, multiple body area injuries, penetrating injuries, radiographic evidence of vertebral body fractures and body wall abnormalities, as well as hypoproteinaemia and elevated alanine aminotransferase, are negative predictors of survival.

Effect of nitrogen on grain boundary character distribution in 316 stainless steel

Influence of nitrogen content and percentage of prior rolling deformation on evolution of grain boundary character distribution in 316L(N) stainless steel, during grain boundary engineering type thermo-mechanical processing, have been studied in the present work. 10% rolling deformation followed by annealing produces highest fraction of low energy Σ3 boundaries and high fraction of low energy grain boundary network in high nitrogen SS, leading to improved corrosion resistance.

Monitoring supplied domestic water quality at Thu Dau Mot water supply enterprise

The current status assessment research of water use and quality of supplied domestic water in Thu Dau Mot city, Binh Duong province, as well as the clean water use situation of the local people. Sampling and assessment of the quality of supplied water at Thu Dau Mot Water supply enterprise. The water treatment process here is strictly conducted to ensure stability, constant pressure, inlet and outlet water flow. The analysis results of physical and chemical parameters of water quality at Thu Dau Mot Water supply enterprise show parameters within the allowable limits of water standards for domestic use QCVN 02: 2009/BYT and domestic water QCVN 01: 2009/BYT. However, during the water treatment process in the rainy season, it is time consuming and costly for the use of many chemicals in the treatment process, as high turbidity and high color temperature, low TDS, low pH, low chloride, high SS, Fe and Mn content changes in the wet season higher than in the dry season. After sampling for analysis and treatment, the output water meets the clean water standard to meet the needs of the people in Thu Dau Mot City and surrounding areas.

Development of Primary Sludge Control Technology Based on Solids Loading Rate in Sidestream MLE Process

Objectives:By measuring the solids loading rate for the sidestream, it was intended to achieve increased treatment capacity and improved process performance by developing control technologies for primary sludge removal, recirculation, and input.Methods:The pilot plant was manufactured by the primary clarifier+MLE process similar to the full-scale plant and was configured to control the amount of sludge withdrawal based on the inflow solids loading rate. The state point analysis was used to determine removal underflow withdrawal rate and the total underflow withdrawal rate for the primary sludge. The operation was divided into manual withdrawal, automatic withdrawal, automatic withdrawal+recirculation, and automatic withdrawal + input methods. The performance evaluation items for primary sludge control technology were primary sludge concentration and SS removal efficiency for primary and secondary clarifiers. The improvement in the performance of the bioreactor by recirculation and input was judged through the removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen, TIN (Total Inorganic Nitrogen) and phosphate phosphorus, SNR (Specific Nitrification Rate), and SDNR (Specific Denitrification Rate). The cause of the performance improvement was analyzed by comparing the acetic acid concentration changed by recirculation and the microbial community characteristics.Results and Discussion:The average value of SS monitoring of the sidestream influent was 2.2 (0.7~6.3) g/L and the primary clarifier needed treatment in response to high concentration SS and fluctuations. It is judged that the state point analysis based on the actual settling rate can accurately suggest whether the stable operation of primary sludge removal, recirculation, and input is the possible and specific design and operation standards. The automatic withdrawal that controls the underflow withdrawal rate according to the change of the inflow solids loading rate could stably draw out the high-concentration sludge and maintain the SS removal efficiency. It is believed that stable operation is possible even in the sludge recirculation operation, and the treatment capacity of the primary clarifier can be increased more than two times in a full-scale plant. By recirculation of the primary sludge, the TIN removal efficiency in the bioreactor was improved by 24.2~52.3%, and the phosphate phosphorus removal efficiency was improved by up to 20.1%. The TIN removal efficiency in the bioreactor was improved by 32.6% by the input of primary sludge. VFAs (Volatile Fatty Acids) including acetic acid was produced and the removal efficiency was improved because it was in contact with primary sludge by recirculation and the ratio of major fermentation microorganisms was present at 2.0%. It is determined that 26.4% of the main species of microorganisms treated with nitrogen and phosphorus exist in the sidestream inflow and the removal efficiency was improved by supplying microorganisms through the input of primary sludge.Conclusions:Technology that controls primary sludge removal, recirculation, and input by measuring the solids loading rate for the sidestream is believed to increase the treatment capacity of the primary clarifier and improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the bioreactor.

Social support moderates the influence of Alzheimer’s disease–related neurodegeneration on cognitive decline

AbstractBackgroundSocial support (SS) have been associated with decreased rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, it is still unclear whether SS can moderate the influence of AD‐related neurodegeneration on cognitive decline. We aimed to test the hypothetical moderation effect of SS on the relationship between AD‐related brain atrophy and cognitive decline.MethodTotal 200 participants from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis &amp; Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE), an ongoing prospective cohort study, were included for this analysis. Of the 200 participants, 130 were MCI and 70 were early AD. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment, multi‐modal neuroimaging including magnetic resonance imaging, and apolipoprotein E genotyping. AD‐signature cortical thickness (AD‐CT) was defined as a mean cortical thickness of several brain regions known to be sensitive to AD‐specific neurodegeneration. The Medical Outcome Study – Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS), a 19‐iem brief, multi‐dimensional, self‐report social support survey, were administered to all participants to assess overall SS indices. Global cognitive performance was measured by the total score of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological test battery (CERAD‐TS).ResultThere was a significant interaction between AD‐CT and SS on CERAD‐TS. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the association between AD‐CT and CERAD‐TS was weaker in high SS group than in low SS group.ConclusionOur results suggest that SS may delay the progression of cognitive decline by moderating the influence of AD‐related neurodegeneration.

Endothelial shear stress affects extracellular vesicle release and biodistribution

Atheroscleroris (AS) is a risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). AS initiates at the endothelial level in areas of perturbed blood flow contributing to the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of intercellular crosstalk. Endothelial EVs are considered as potential biomarkers of CVD and are biological effectors. Atheroprone conditions (shear stress- SS) influence EV release and these EVs transport miRNA cargo to recipient cells contributing to phenotypical changes. Mechanisms linking EV-mediated transfer of information to AS development have not been defined. We hypothesize that endothelial EVs are selectively released as function of SS and transferred to the spleen given its importance in regulating the immune response in AS. Mouse endothelial cells were exposed to Low SS (LSS) or High SS (HSS) for 24 h. Large EVs (lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs) were isolated from conditioned medium by differential centrifugation; characterized by Western blot (WB) using EV markers and tunable resistive pulse sensing EV uptake by splenocytes was assessed by flow cytometry using labelled EVs with Vybrant DiD (VD). EV miRNA content was analyzed by microarray and qPCR. HSS increased EV release as compared to LSS without affecting EV size. WB analysis showed that SS conditions did not affect EV markers. Analysis of EV biodistribution revealed that LSS lEVs are preferentially transferred to B and T lymphocytes as compared to HSS EVs. LSS and HSS sEVs do not exhibit any specific tropism and are poorly transferred to cells. We found that lEVs and sEVs contain different miRNAs. Among these, miR-24 is packaged into LSS lEVs and that its transfer could modulate targets in splenocytes. These findings revealed that SS affects EV release, miRNAs content and biodistribution to splenocytes. Future work involves deciphering the in vivo role of these EVs in the context of AS.