Abstract
Abstract Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture worldwide and can affect the yield components and quality of grapes and their juices and wines. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the rootstock on the yield performance and physical and physical-chemical traits of ‘BRS Magna’ juice grapes grown in the Submédio do Vale do São Francisco. The study was performed over six production cycles in the period from 2015 to 2019 in the Bebedouro experimental field of Embrapa Semiárido in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The treatments consisted of seven grapevine rootstocks: IAC 572, IAC 766, IAC 313, Paulsen 1103, SO4, Harmony, and Freedom. The following variables were evaluated: estimated yield, number of grape bunches per plant, branch and leaf fresh matter, bunch weight, bunch length and width, berry weight, total soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS to TA ratio (SS:TA). Significant effects of the rootstock were observed in all the variables except for SS. The rootstock ‘IAC 572’ led to increases of up to 61% in the yield of ‘BRS Magna’ grapevines, or 32.78 ton.ha-1, with significant responses in the other yield components. Results of the scatterplot in relation to the first three principal components allowed separation of the rootstocks in accordance with production cycles. The mean values for SS and TA characterize this cultivar in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco, with high soluble solids content and low acidity resulting in high SS:TA, as having potential for preparation of high quality juices, regardless of the rootstock used.
Highlights
Materials and MethodsGrape juice production increased in the past decade by around 122% in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, passing from 131 million liters in 2009 to 290.2 million liters in 2019 (Mello and Machado, 2019)
The BRS Magna cultivar was developed by the Embrapa grape breeding program and is recommended for commercial growing to improve the color, sugar content, and flavor of Brazilian grape juices (RITSCHEL et al, 2014)
In the Vale do Submédio São Francisco, ‘BRS Magna’ grapevines yield around 60 ton.ha-1 in two production cycles a year (LEÃO et al, 2018); these grapes are rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (LIMA et al 2014)
Summary
Grape juice production increased in the past decade by around 122% in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, passing from 131 million liters in 2009 to 290.2 million liters in 2019 (Mello and Machado, 2019). Grape growing has advanced to other regions of Brazil beyond Rio Grande do Sul, such as the Vale do Submédio São Francisco. In the Vale do Submédio São Francisco, ‘BRS Magna’ grapevines yield around 60 ton.ha-1 in two production cycles a year (LEÃO et al, 2018); these grapes are rich in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (LIMA et al 2014). The rootstock is known to be important in viticulture through its effects on yield, grape quality, and the products prepared from different cultivars and production regions Considering the particular aspects of tropical viticulture, adjustments in the production system are necessary to achieve yield potential and ensure the quality of the grapes and juices.
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