High-speed Electric Train Research Articles

Система комплексной диагностики элементов высокоскоростного подвижного состава и инфраструктуры: анализ и внедрение

Objective: to consider the issue of integrated diagnostics of the undercarriage equipment of high-speed rolling stock and track infrastructure, to analyze the impact of operational factors on the technical condition of rolling stock, to identify the main problems and propose possible solutions, to consider the prospects of domestic development in the field of integrated diagnostics of rolling stock and infrastructure. Methods: analysis of design features and impact on train operation safety, criteria and parameters of running stability and passenger comfort of the undercarriage equipment of the high-speed electric train “Sapsan”, description of prerequisites and stages of creation, testing and operation of the system of continuous monitoring of parameters of the dynamic system “undercarriage and track” of electric trains “Sapsan”, analysis of the impact of the main operational factors on the technical condition of the rolling stock undercarriage equipment. Results: the key role of the undercarriage equipment of the Sapsan electric train in ensuring operational safety and passenger comfort has been determined. The necessity of creating and implementing a system for continuous monitoring of dynamic reactions in the system “undercarriage equipment - track infrastructure” has been identified. The results of experimental operation of the prototype of the system in the Sapsan electric trains are considered on the example of research of track sections with increased impact on the rolling stock and problems of running stability of the electric train. It is revealed that vertical accelerations of axlebox units with significant amplitudes allow to reveal vertical irregularities of the track up to 3 m long, and constant registration of increased lateral accelerations of the bogie frame shows the necessity of solving the issues related to the geometry of wheel-rail contact at sinuous movement of rolling stock in terms of conicity. The current state and prospects of development of domestic systems of complex diagnostics are determined. Practical importance: the considered diagnostic system allows to carry out complex analysis of problems of technical condition of undercarriage equipment and infrastructure, to determine interdependence and level of influence of operational factors, which is the way to increase reliability and fault tolerance of rolling stock, operational safety and passenger comfort. Its integration into the digital platform will increase the efficiency of rolling stock maintenance planning and enterprise resource management.

Topological analysis of roadway and railway networks of the Ukrainian-Polish borderlands (on the example of Lviv Oblast and Subcarpathian Voivodeship)


 
 
 The paper presents an analysis of functioning of roadway and railway networks in the context of logistics flows. The interaction of road vehicles and railroad cars within the given territories was characterized. The provided spatiotemporal modelling allows comparing the configuration of roadways and railways from the peripheral settlements to the regional capitals. The points that form transport links with the administrative centres of each studied territory were identified. A comparative topological analysis of the given lines of roadway and railway transport within the Ukrainian-Polish borderland employed quantitative (distance, time) and qualitative (curvature, travel speed) modelling parameters, characterizing the relationship of the borderland territories in two neighbouring countries of Eastern Europe. Relative indicators, which include curvature and speed, were estimated. A database of settlements based on accessibility to the city by road and rail transport was created, taking into account the top-10 centres of territorial communities, or hromadas, in Lviv Oblast and Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Alternative modes of transport for travelling from a centre of territorial community to the regional centre in Ukraine and Poland were highlighted. The study compared the settlements with low transport accessibility to the regional capital (oblast, voivodeship), taking into account the functioning of the roadway and railway networks. Social-geographical problems of the given territories were identified based on the analysis of topological indicators of each transport connections. I found that the network system of transport infrastructure in Subcarpathian Voivodeship is low-dense, especially in mountainous areas. Also, there was analyzed high accessibility of suburban settlements to the city of Rzeszów. In Lviv, connection between the suburbs and the city centre can be called problematic. Within the studied borderland areas, there were also found cases of disuse of the existing railway stations for passenger traffic. Variants that would promote the development of public transport in the Lviv Oblast have been proposed, based on the example of the transport model in Subcarpathian Voivodeship. Applied developments include the need to build the Opillia-Roztocze highway, assignement of high-speed electric trains from remote areas to the regional capital.
 
 

Numerical and analytical method of calculation of dynamic strength of modernized air springs for high-speed electric trains

The article presents a new design of a pneumatic suspension device for the high-speed electric train “AFROSIAB”, Uzbekistan. The authors developed a numerical-analytical method for the calculation of dynamic strength of modernized pneumatic springs for high-speed electric trains; an algorithm and a program for the Mathcad 15 programming environment were built. The design given in the article is protected by the Patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan for invention No. IAP 04632 [1].

Моделирование технического обслуживания и ремонта высокоскоростных электропоездов с использованием данных бортовых систем диагностики

Purpose: High–speed railway lines (HSRL) are the most promising direction of railway transport development in the 21st century, increasing the mobility of the population at a distance of up to 1000 km, contributing to the development of urban conglomerations. Reliable rolling stock is necessary for the functioning of the HSRL. The article describes the performed mathematical simulation of the operation and maintenance and repair system (MRS) of high-speed electric trains in relation to the St. Petersburg — Moscow landfill. The purpose of the simulation is to substantiate the requirements for MRS, including when using on-board automated systems for technical diagnostics. Methods: It is based on the principles of passenger traffic organization, technical requirements for domestic high-speed rolling stock, queue theory methods, as well as probabilistic mathematical modeling methods in MS Excel in the algorithmic language Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The corresponding software has been developed. Results: A mathematical model and software have been developed, multifactor modeling has been performed, the degree of failure impact on the required fleet of high-speed electric trains has been determined. Methods of optimization of maintenance to reduce the required fleet are proposed. The requirements for the mathematical model itself are defined. A factor analysis of operation and maintenance has been performed by mathematical modeling. Practical significance: The guarantee of safe and reliable high-speed traffic is the creation of a modern system of maintenance and repair of rolling stock. The study of the interaction of operation and maintenance is very important in preparation for the launch of domestic high-speed traffic.

Перспективы применения вентильно-индукторного двигателя в системе тяги высокоскоростного электропоезда

Purpose: The use of switched reluctance motor (SRM) in the traction system of a high-speed electric train by increasing the performance of its bearings. Using SRM as a traction electric motor, the machine-building complex can solve problems related to the import substitution of components for rolling stock. Methods: The main reasons for the wear of the bearing assembly are the forces of one-way magnetic attraction (OMA). These forces occur when the air gap is asymmetric due to errors in the manufacture of parts and deviations in the assembly of the electrical machine. The OMA forces at a certain displacement are determined using the Maxwell stress tensor. To achieve this, the finite element method embodied in the FEMM program has been used. The dependences of the currents in the corresponding phases on the moment of time required to find the forces have been obtained using the MATLAB program (SIMULINK). Results: Calculation and analysis of OMA forces is carried out at various variants of rotor displacement relative to the axis of symmetry of the stator, including at vertical shift in the direction of gravity action. Calculations have shown that OMA forces can reach significant values. A proposal has been put forward to limit the magnitude of the OMA force to the magnitude of the force at the maximum permissible residual unbalance. Methods are proposed to eliminate irregularity of the air gap at the stage of production. Practical significance: The results of the studies can be used by the developers in the design of the traction SRM, the selection of the structural value of the gap and the assignment of tolerances in its dimensional chain. The use of SRM with a long life of bearings in the traction drive system will create the prerequisites for obtaining a new competitive rolling stock.

Landslide susceptibility mapping for the Red Sea Mountains: A multi-criteria decision analysis approach

The Earth's climate system is clearly warming. Unquestionably, climate change has an impact on landslides by affecting the stability of both naturally occurring and artificially constructed slopes. Less certain are the type, extent, degree, and direction of the changes in stability conditions as well as the location, abundance, activity, and frequency of landslides in response to the expected climate changes. Climate change threatens global ecosystems, causing severe human and economic losses through sea level rise, hurricanes, flooding, landslides, and heat waves. Landslides in high mountains could become more common as a result of these changes. The high-speed electric train project in Egypt seeks to provide sustainable transportation, lessen climate change, and enhance public health. The study area was conducted along a 70-km track in the Eastern Desert, Egypt, across steep and rugged basement rocks of the Red Sea mountain chain (RSM). The geographic pinpointing of landslide susceptibility zones plays a significant role in promoting hazards mitigation in mountainous areas, such as RSM. The aim of this research project is to create a landslide susceptibility map (LSM) utilizing multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in the region using information value (IV) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approaches that encompass the third proposed track of the high-speed electric railroad Qena-Hurghada between the RSM. The landslide inventory map, which has a total of 12 single landslide locations, was created based on fieldwork using hand-held GPS and Landsat 8 images. The two decision-making techniques were used to contrast the LSM factors based on the knowledge of experts using the qualitative method of AHP with the statistical approach that depends on the field data IV. Ten landslide-influencing parameters taken into consideration are slope, lithology, rainfall distribution, distance to fault, distance to track, seismicity of area, distance to epicenter, land cover, distance to stream, and aspect. The parameters were obtained using LANDSAT8 and SRTM DEM of a 30 m resolution, vectorized lithological structure units from a 1:2000, 000 map, and data between (1913–2000) for yearly precipitation and (1997–2018) for seismic activity of the research area. A GIS-based method produces a themed layer map for each geoenvironmental element, weighing each parameter after examination. A LSM was produced using a combination of thematic layers that were then separated into four grades: low, moderate, high, and very high, based on the intensity of the landslide vulnerability. According to AUC data, the IV model has a better success rate 0.85 than the AHP model 0.82. The study's models, especially when applied to the IV method, showed good accuracy in forecasting landslide vulnerability. The method shows rising landslide percentages with susceptibility and delivers accurate results that are compatible with the landslide inventory map. Environmental decisions often lead to unintended consequences due to lost information, incorrect factor selection, limited expert expertise, and ignoring uncertainty. This investigation emphasizes the importance of LSM as a tool for decision-makers to minimize landslide losses and damage.

Synthesis of an electromechanical system of body tilt and recuperation of vibration energy for a high-speed electric train

This paper considers issues related to the undercarriage system of a high-speed electric train with body inclination and a vibration recovery system. The main suspension systems of the electric train body, which are currently used, were investigated. The existing shock absorption systems and alternative approaches and solutions for increasing the speed characteristics of electric rolling stock have been highlighted. A basic problem of these suspension systems was put forward, which is the lack of the possibility of recovery of oscillations, as well as the complexity of systems for tilting the body. The main dimensional and power parameters of the proposed promising shock absorber are presented. The characteristics of basic parameters of the electromechanical shock absorber were compared with those of a pneumatic spring shock absorber. A simulation model of a high-speed electric train with an electromechanical shock absorber was built in the MATLAB Simulink environment. The main units of the simulation model were defined and described, owing to which it is possible to simulate the inclination of the body to a given angle and the simulation of vibration energy recovery. Based on the results of simulating the operation of an electromechanical shock absorber as part of the undercarriage of the electric locomotive, it was determined that the synthesis of this system makes it possible to tilt the body by 5 degrees in 2 seconds. It is also stated that the proposed system makes it possible to reduce the vibrations of the electric train body by 2 times, and to recover 84 W/h of vibration energy. The body tilt results are predetermined by the speed of the mechanism due to the absence of a compressor set used in the pneumatic system. The scope of application of the vibration damper also includes the automotive field, subject to additional research into the form, amplitude of road surface vibrations and changes in overall parameters in accordance with the requirements

Calculation of the parameters of the electromechanical shock absorber of the high-speed electric train

The article examines the issue of the chassis system of a high-speed electric train with body inclination and a vibration recovery system. The advantages of using an electromechanical shock absorber over hydraulic, pneumatic and similar systems are described. The authors considered the main characteristics of the DC electromechanical shock absorber. The main overall parameters of the shock absorber were presented. Attention is paid to the relevance of using an electromechanical shock absorber of a linear type, in comparison with analogues, including the ability to recover energy. Attention is drawn to the structure of the DC electromechanical shock absorber. The functional control scheme of the electromechanical shock absorber is considered and the control algorithm is described. The calculation areas of the parameters of the electromechanical shock absorber are determined. A 3D model of an electromechanical shock absorber in the Ansys Electronics software environment is presented. A finite-element mesh was built for further calculations of the magnetic field and inductance. In the article, attention is paid to the calculation of the magnetic field in the most intense mode. A picture of the shock absorber's magnetic field at the maximum working clearance was obtained and interim results were discussed. The results of calculating the inductance depending on the operating gap of the shock absorber are presented. Conclusions were made based on the results of calculations of magnetic and electrical parameters of an electromechanical shock absorber based on a linear direct current motor.

Development of a Numerical Model of the Aerodynamic Interaction of a High-Speed Train, Air Environment and Infrastructure Facilities

The design of high-speed railway lines (HSR) requires mandatory consideration of loads from the aerodynamic interaction of a moving train, the air environment and infrastructure facilities, acting both on structures and facilities, and on the train itself. Software systems of computational fluid dynamics are most expedient to determine the nature and intensity of the load. To find the optimal approach to modelling the processes of aerodynamic interaction between a moving high-speed train and the air environment, as well as to assess the degree of validity of the simulation, a series of calculations were performed in the ANSYS CFX software environment using various approaches to the construction of calculation models (the sliding grid method and the immersed solid method). An analysis of the results of the performed calculations makes it possible to determine the area of rational application of the considered approaches in the development of computational models of aerodynamic interaction. To verify the developed calculation models, experimental measurements of the aerodynamic impact of Sapsan high-speed electric train on the air environment were performed. Also, the developed models were verified based on the results of similar international experimental studies. Comparison of the results of numerical simulation and experimental measurements allows us to conclude that the developed computational models are sufficiently valid and can be further applied.

Modernization of the traction converter on the Ivolga electric train

Currently, the railways of the Russian Federation use high-speed electric trains Sapsan and Allegro, as well as high-speed trains Lastochka and Ivolga.Considered the possibility of replacing foreign-made converter components with domestic-made components.Compared the characteristics and specific indicators of the domestic traction converter BORDLINE CC1500 DC 3kV U 2000 037 A02 and the foreign frequency converter with a 3-level inverter MV9FT-31-781WAD-466+Z. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the converters shows that the efficiency of the converter of domestic production is higher by 6.6 % with a significant decrease in specific indicators in terms of weight and dimensions.In order to increase the efficiency of the traction converter on the Ivolga electric train, it is proposed to replace it with a frequency converter with a 3-level inverter based on IGBT transistors MV9FT-31-781WAD-466+Z. A diagram of a frequency converter with a 3-level inverter based on IGBT transistors is presented.The weight and size indicators of these converters are the same, which makes it possible to produce this equipment from components of domestic production. The possibility of creating a modern traction converter based on domestic components is shown.Modernization of the traction converter on the Ivolga electric train using the domestic element base will make it possible to bring it into line with modern technical requirements and increase the efficiency of the electric train.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ РЕССОРНОГО ПОДВЕШИВАНИЯ СКОРОСТНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОПОЕЗДОВ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ДВИЖЕНИЯ

The article considers the design, as well as a regression analysis of the spread of values of horizontal elastic-dissipative connections of the 1st and 2nd stages of spring suspension of high-speed and high-speed electric trains. In order to assess the influence of the longitudinal and transverse stiffness of the wheelset connections with the bogie frame, as well as the dissipation of the longitudinal hydraulic vibration damper of the 2nd stage of suspension on the stability of the crew movement, a numerical study was carried out using a mathematical model of a trailer car of the Sapsan electric train in the Universal Mechanism software package

Applicability of Gas Turbine Traction in High-Speed Rail Projects in Russia

Recently, the issue of advisability of building dedicated highspeed railways (HSR) in Russia for transportation of passengers and goods has often been raised in the scientific and industry environment. The key risk of such large-scale investment projects is a significant or rather long payback period due to the lower population density in the areas of the proposed HSR compared to, for example, China. In addition, when planning such capitalintensive and resource-intensive investments, it is necessary to consider plans for development of other modes of transport, namely, express highways, air traffic, as direct competitors to speed and high-speed railways.A way to increase the competitiveness of HSR may be to reduce capital costs during the construction. The creation of HSR, where multiple-unit trains powered by gas turbine engines (GTE) and using AC-AC electric drive, will allow to renounce investments in expensive design, construction, and subsequent maintenance of energy facilities, specialised HSR catenary, which will ensure reduction in the cost of HSR projects, in construction time, and accelerated payback of railways.The article describes the advantages of operating gas turbine traction on speed and high-speed railway lines. The possible structure and layout of such trains are shown. The risks of operation of rolling stock powered by GTE are considered as well as the ways to neutralise them. The objective of the study was to identify the comparative advantages of multiple unit trains powered by GTE compared to high-speed electric trains. The study used methods of comparative analysis, content analysis of technical information, and ranking. It is concluded that introduction of GTE will reduce the investment and operating costs of speed and high-speed railways while maintaining the power and dynamic characteristics of trains.

Медицинская эвакуация железнодорожным транспортом пострадавших в чрезвычайных ситуациях: история и перспективы

The aims of the article are to define the world tendencies of medical evacuation by railway transport in the 21st century on the basis of analysis of scientific publications, Internet articles and mass media reports, including those carried out during SARS-COV-2 pandemic; to specify the problems and prospects of development of medical evacuation by railway in Russia taking into account global trends and local specifics. Materials and research methods. A content analysis of 15 scientific articles, 20 Internet articles, and 31 press communications devoted to individual issues of medical evacuation by railway was performed using the method of nonrepeat sampling. Selection criteria were: message time — later than January 1, 2001; article should have contained the description of a case/evidence of medical evacuation by railway or the discussion of the possibilities of application of the railway transport for medical evacuation in the 21st century. Results of the study and their analysis. The world has been conducting medical evacuation by railway for over 150 years. Traditionally, the need for medical evacuation by railway has arisen in case of armed conflicts or large-scale natural disasters, which result in great medical and sanitary losses. In the second half of the 20th century the priority importance of medical evacuation by railway was lost due to the development of automobile roads and aerodrome network and the accompanying development of automobile and air medical transport. The occurrence of emergencies in hard-to-reach areas or the inability of public health systems to organize medical care with a sharp increase in the number of victims in emergencies, including those of infectious nature, determine the need to develop additional mechanisms of medical evacuation. The use of medical evacuation by railway can become this compensatory mechanism. In this connection there has been a shift in the world’s focus in the field of medical evacuation by railway from the use of sanitary trains and flying cars to the formation of mobile medical detachments on the basis of re-equipped passenger trains. The use of re-equipped high-speed electric trains for this purpose has its advantages — it makes possible to avoid organizational difficulties and complications in patients, which are typical for sanitary aviation evacuation, as well as to provide mass medical evacuation of victims without overloading highways with sanitary vehicles. An alternative trend in the development of the medical evacuation by railway is the creation of modern civil sanitary trains and medical carriages. It has been noted that so far Russia does not have technical facilities capable to ensure the up-to-date level of the medical evacuation by railway. The future will show in what way the organization of medical evacuation by railway will develop in our country.

SECURITY SYSTEMS OF THE HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC TRAIN AFROSIYOB

SECURITY SYSTEMS OF THE HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC TRAIN AFROSIYOB Tulagan Nazirkhonov Cand. those. Sciences, Acting Associate Professor, Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan, Tashkent Akil Ziyamukhamedov Senior Lecturer Tashken

INFLUENCE OF MALFUNCTIONS ON THE SPEED OF THE HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC TRAIN "AFROSIYOB"

INFLUENCE OF MALFUNCTIONS ON THE SPEED OF THE HIGH-SPEED ELECTRIC TRAIN "AFROSIYOB" Tulagan Nazirkhonov Cand. those. Sciences, Acting Associate Professor Tashkent State Transport University, Uzbekistan, Tashkent Akil Ziyamukha

THEORETICAL STUDIES OF THE POSSIBILITY OF OPERATING AN INTERMEDIATE RAIL FASTENING OF THE KPP-5 TYPE ON PROMISING SECTIONS OF UKRAINIAN RAILWAYS, WHERE IT IS PLANNED TO INTRODUCE HIGH-SPEED TRAFFIC

The introduction of high-speed traffic in the railways of Ukraine is one of the priorityareas of development of the domestic railway industry. Foreign experience in the operation of highspeed and high-speed lines has a positive impact on the overall economic performance of thesecountries by increasing the mobility of means of production and human resources. In addition,increasing speeds requires the introduction of new types of rolling stock and railway structures withunconditional provision of the required level of safety. This is possible only through a comprehensiveapproach to these issues, both through experimental tests and theoretical calculations. This studytheoretically assessed the possibility of operating intermediate rail fasteners type KPP-5 Ukrainianproduction in areas where in the medium term, it is planned to increase speeds, i.e. to reach a levelof more than 160 km/h. To achieve this goal, multivariate calculations were performed to determinethe stress state that penetrates the elements of the railway track under the action of rolling stock.Four types of high-speed locomotives and electric trains, which have been operated on the railwaylines of the European Union for a long time, were selected as units of account in the study. For alltypes of rolling stock (locomotives and high-speed electric trains) for which calculations wereperformed, the obtained values of stresses acting in the elements of the railway track do not exceedthe allowable. That is, in terms of strength, intermediate rail fasteners type KPP-5 Ukrainianproduction can be operated in straight sections at speeds over 160 km / h with heat-treated rails typeR65 on reinforced concrete sleepers with laying diagram 1840 pcs / km with gravel ballast 40 cmthick. Analytical comparison of the level of stresses arising in the railway track elements in lines withintermediate rail fastening type KPP-5 made in Ukraine and the W30 rail fastening systemmanufactured by Vossloh showed approximately the same level of stress in the railway track elements.However, it should be noted that the above conclusions are only theoretical in nature and for thefinal determination of the possibility of operation of the intermediate rail fastening type KPP-5 inreal conditions (at speeds greater than 160 km / h) requires additional experimental studies.

Исследование взаимного аэродинамического влияния высокоскоростных пассажирских и грузовых поездов, следующих по смежным путям

The article considers the issues of impact of high-speed passenger traffic on the sections of JSC “Uzbekiston Temir Yillari” on removal of freight trains from the traffic schedule, the mutual aerodynamic influence of trains moving on adjacent tracks is investigated. In order to increase the tourist attractiveness of the republic and provide high-quality transport services to the population, it is planned to significantly increase the volume of passenger transportation by high-speed electric trains Afrosiyob. In the conditions of the projected increase in the size of freight traffic, this may lead to difficulties in passing trains through sections. In order to effectively use the capacity of the sections, in compliance with the conditions for ensuring the safety of train traffic, the possibility of simultaneous passage of freight trains of a passing or oncoming direction along the second main track when moving along the section of the Afrosiyob high-speed electric train is being considered.

Использование скоростных электропоездов «Ласточка» на межрегиональных маршрутах Уральского федерального округа

The article analyzes the passenger turnover of high-speed electric trains “Lastochka” (“Swallow”) on interregional routes of the Ural Federal District: Yekaterinburg-Passenger - Perm, Yekaterinburg-Passenger - Tyumen, Yekaterinburg-Passenger - Kurgan. The dynamics of prices is investigated, the advantages and disadvantages of the “Lastochka” (“Swallow”) rolling stock are considered.

PROSPECTIVE ELECTROMECHANICAL SHOCK ABSORBERS

The article considers the issue of the system of the running gear of a high-speed electric train with a body inclination and the system of oscillation recovery. The authors considered the main suspension systems of the electric train body, which are currently used. The main problems of these suspension systems were put forward. Attention is paid to the use of air-spring suspension. The pipe suspension of the VL80 electric locomotive and the construction of the trolley itself are considered. The basic criteria of an estimation of efficiency of perspective electromechanical shock-absorbers on which the comparative characteristic is carried out are defined. The article describes a promising electromechanical shock absorber based on a synchronous linear motor, which can provide both body tilt and damping and recovery of oscillations. The functional scheme of control of two synchronous linear motors which are established on one cart is considered. The operation of the control system of synchronous linear motors is described. The design of a linear DC motor with permanent magnets is described. The functional control scheme of two linear DC motors with permanent magnets is considered. The design of the electromechanical shock-absorber of the Bose company is resulted. The comparative characteristic of three perspective electromechanical shock-absorbers on six criteria is carried out. Conclusions are made and an electromechanical shock absorber is selected, which provides the basic needs of rolling stock.

Real-time energy-efficient optimal control of high-speed electric train

This paper studies the real-time energy-efficient optimal control of high-speed electric trains within a given trip time. In particular, we focus on the re-optimization of the driving strategy, in the case that the actual train speed deviates from the planned optimal speed profile due to uncertainties. The proposed optimization algorithm has a double-loop structure with simultaneous action implementation. It results in reduced computation complexity and shortened control period, compared to the conventional double-loop algorithm with delayed action implementation. Existence and uniqueness of the solution to the re-optimization problem are discussed, and the convergence of the proposed simultaneous action method is proved. Moreover, it is shown by perturbation analysis that the resulting energy consumption during speed switching process is reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the simulation study on two tracks of Dongguan–Huizhou intercity railway in China.