High-rise Structures Research Articles

User Involvement on Air Quality in Incubation Rooms in Banten-Indonesia

Constructing middle-income housing in urban areas can be an effective means of optimizing the environment's carrying capacity and reducing land use. The air quality in Jakarta is an ongoing concern, and it can have significant health implications for those living in housing developments. In high-rise housing structures, air conditioning units are essential for regulating air circulation and minimizing indoor pollutants that can impact neighboring units' comfort levels. This research aims to evaluate the occupants' involvement in implementing indoor air quality (IAQ) sustainability practices in middle-income housing in Jakarta and how it impacts the community. The study identifies the occupants' characteristics, including managers and residents, explores their interactions in adopting healthy living habits, and analyzes their participatory roles in optimizing indoor air quality. The research uses the partial least squares method via SmartPLS for analysis. The findings indicate that both residents and managers must be involved in promoting healthy lifestyles and IAQ in middle-income housing units. As a result, the Jakarta local government should make community engagement programs a mandatory requirement for middle-income housing development regulations to support administrative, technical, and ecological requirements for health sustainability.

Retracted: Electrochemical Seismic Design and Artificial Intelligence System Modeling of High-Rise Steel Structure Buildings

Retracted: Electrochemical Seismic Design and Artificial Intelligence System Modeling of High-Rise Steel Structure Buildings

Analisis Struktur Beton Bertulang Tahan Gempa Untuk Berbagai Variasi Tinggi Bangunan

Indonesia is a country prone to earthquakes because it is located at the confluence of the Pacific and Trans-Asiatic Circum. Padang is included in the 5-6 earthquake area (KDS E & F), which is an area that has the potential for an earthquake accompanied by the possibility of a tsunami., comfortable and safe against the dangers of an earthquake or tsunami. The most influential factor in the planning of high-rise building structures is the strength of the building structure itself, where this factor is closely related to the safety and resilience of the building in holding and accommodating the loads acting on the structure. Instability in the structure is a basic thing that must be avoided and considered for various types of building heights. An unstable structure when subjected to loads causes the structure to experience a greater deformation than a stable structure. One way that can be done to make the structure more stable is to combine the structure with Shear Walls. Shear wall systems can be used to withstand vertical forces such as gravity loads and horizontal/lateral forces such as earthquake and tsunami loads, thereby preventing excessive swaying of the structure. The use of shear walls is also intended so that when an earthquake and tsunami occurs, the lateral forces that affect the structure are not only resisted by the beam and column elements in the structure but are also resisted by the shear wall system. because the placement of the shear walls that are not appropriate causes the shear forces that occur in the columns and beams to be greater. The research object is multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings with variations in height of 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 floors. Buildings 5, 7 and 10 floors are designed with an open frame system, while buildings with floors 7, 10, 15 and 20 are designed with a double system, namely open portals and shear walls as lateral load resisters. Open portals use a Special Moment Resisting Frame System (SRPMK) design, while shear walls use a Special Structural Wall System (SDSK) design. The calculated structural loads are dead loads, live loads, superimposed dead loads and earthquake loads. Building location in the city of Padang with moderate soil conditions. The strength and stiffness of structures with shear walls are higher than those without shear walls

Reliable modal estimation of high-rise structures via synergistic usage of multiple stabilization diagram-based operational modal analysis techniques

In operational modal analysis, typically only structural responses are available. Errors and uncertainties may exist in modal estimates, thereby leading to discrepancies in the results by different modal identification approaches even analyzing the same data set. To this end, a synergistic usage of multiple stabilization diagram-based modal identification techniques is presented in this paper to reduce the errors and uncertainties in modal estimates associated with modal identification techniques or modeling ideas. The effectiveness and noise robustness of the synergistic strategy are validated via numerical simulation study of a frame structure. Additionally, the synergistic strategy is further utilized to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of a supertall building with 600 m height during a typhoon event. The application of the synergistic strategy to field measurements reveal that the building natural frequencies varied during the typhoon and exhibited significant amplitude-dependent features. Meanwhile, the damping ratios of the skyscraper for all concerned modes remained roughly stable within a range of [0.16%, 0.94%]. This paper aims to provide a practical way or effective tool to enhance the accuracy and confidence in modal estimation of high-rise buildings, thus further revealing the dynamic characteristics of large-scale structures under severe wind excitations.

Seismic control of T-shape in plan steel high-rise buildings with SSI effect using tuned mass dampers

A steel high-rise building (HRB) with plan irregularity is a major challenge in engineering design, especially under seismic loads. Soil–structure interaction (SSI) is one of the most important factors in designing steel high-rise structures. Herein, a T-shape in plan steel HRB subjected to four different earthquakes will mitigate the vibration and control the displacements and base straining actions resulting from earthquakes by using tuned mass dampers (TMDs) systems, and the most controlling arrangement of TMDs, in the fixed base HRB model and in the SSI HRB model, will be examined. Three-dimensional models of the steel high-rise building (HRB) with a T-shape in the plan subjected to four different earthquakes fixed or with the SSI effect were analyzed to investigate the seismic mitigation effect of six different plan arrangements of TMDs applied on the top plan of the fixed HRB model, while for the SSI HRB model, these TMDs distributions were applied on the top plan and additionally on two intermediate plans along the HRB height. The TMDs for the T-shape in plan steel HRB are more effective in the SSI model than in the fixed base model. In the SSI effect model, the distributions of the TMDs not only on the top plan of the model but also through the model (on two additional plan levels along the height) further reduced the HRB seismic response and this three-level TMDs distribution was required for the plan arrangement of 2 or 4 TMDs.

The application of high performance in our lives

This paper provides an overview of high-performance concrete (HPC), including its definition, behavior, development,design criteria, innovative structural application examples, prospects, challenges, and limitations. HPC is a special typeof concrete with higher strength, durability, and other properties than conventional concrete. Several factors, such asshrinkage properties, thermal properties, flexibility, and durability, influence HPC behavior. Design criteria for HPCinclude High strength design, water-cement ratio, temperature resistance, and other design properties. Over the years,HPC has evolved to meet the growing demand for high-performance structures, such as using recycled aggregates inHPC, developing self-compacting concrete (SCC), and developing ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). Innovativestructural applications of HPC include the application of HPC in precast components, high-rise building structures, etc.The future of HPC is promising as it is continuously developed and optimized for various applications. However, thereare still some challenges and limitations to overcome, such as high production costs, maintenance work requirements,difficulty mixing, and so on. This paper provides valuable insights for engineers, architects, and researchers interested indesigning and constructing HPC structures.

Review of Wind-Induced Effects Estimation through Nonlinear Analysis of Tall Buildings, High-Rise Structures, Flexible Bridges and Transmission Lines

The nonlinear effects exhibited by structures under the action of wind loads have gradually stepped into the vision of wind-resistant researchers. By summarizing the prominent wind-induced nonlinear problems of four types of wind-sensitive structures, namely tall buildings, high-rise structures, flexible bridges, and transmission lines, the occurrence mechanism of their nonlinear effects is revealed, providing cutting-edge research progress in theoretical studies, experimental methods and vibration control. Aerodynamic admittance provides insights into the aerodynamic nonlinearity (AN) between the wind pressure spectrum and wind speed spectrum of tall building surfaces. The equivalent nonlinear equation method is used to solve nonlinear vibration equations with generalized van-der-Pol-type aerodynamic damping terms. The elastic–plastic finite element method and multiscale modeling method are widely employed to analyze the effects of geometric nonlinearity (GN) and material nonlinearity (MN) at local nodes on the wind-induced response of latticed tall structures. The AN in blunt sections of bridges arises from the amplitude dependence of the aerodynamic derivative and the higher-order term of the self-excited force. Volterra series aerodynamic models are more suitable for the nonlinear aerodynamic modeling of bridges than the polynomial models studied more in the past. The improved Lindstedt–Poincare perturbation method, which considers the strong GN in the response of ice-covered transmission lines, offers high accuracy. The complex numerical calculations and nonlinear analyses involved in wind-induced nonlinear effects continue to consume significant computational resources and time, especially for complex wind field conditions and flexible and variable structural forms. It is necessary to further develop analytical, modeling and identification tools to facilitate the modeling of nonlinear features in the future.

A New Paradigm for Structural Characterization, including Rotational Measurements at a Single Site

ABSTRACT In this article, we demonstrate that a single station can be used to measure the dynamic properties of a structure. The station includes a collocated accelerometer and rotational sensor, hence, can record both three-component translation and three-component rotation and is referred to as the 6C-station within this study. The key advantage of this approach is to provide a fast and simple path to a comprehensive structural health monitoring characterization that is comparable to the use of a traditional approach using a horizontal array of three-component accelerometers. The deployment of newly developed high-quality rotational sensors allows the direct measurement of structural rotations, facilitating the extraction of structural mode shapes. In this work, we show how an established system identification tool, stochastic subspace identification, can be applied to the 6C-station data and characterize modal properties and structural response. Our results are verified and contrasted against standard horizontal and vertical array configurations. The Prime Tower, a high-rise structure in Zürich, serves as a case study. A structural characterization of this building is presented for the first time. We show that a 6C-station is capable of defining the frequencies of this stiff high-rise building with a fidelity that is on par with a five-sensor horizontal array. The mode shapes of the roof can be precisely determined with a confidence margin that is comparable to conventional sensing array solutions. However, the effectiveness of using only a 6C-station is determined by the noise level of the sensors—in particular, the rotational seismometer needs to be of high quality. The results indicate that, owing to the collocation measurement of translation and rotation, a 6C-station can deliver a comprehensive structural monitoring solution with minimum time, effort, and footprint.

A Study Performance of Conventional Structure and Outrigger Structure with Dampers in Seismic Zone IV and V

This study compares the seismic performance of a conventional high-rise building, designed following standard codes, with an outrigger structural system featuring additional lateral resisting elements like outriggers and friction dampers. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of the outrigger system in reducing seismic forces in high seismic zone IV, zone V and enhancing overall building performance. Through seismic analysis using ETABS and comparing in storey displacement results. The findings will offer valuable insights to aid engineers in making informed decisions for seismic-prone regions, leading to safer and more resilient high-rise structures. Key Words: conventional structure, outrigger structure, friction dampers, static and dynamic analysis (Response spectrum method)

Evaluation of performance and storey drift ratio limits of high-rise structural systems with separated gravity and lateral load resisting systems using time history analysis and incremental dynamic analysis

To increase the efficiency of prefabricated construction of high-rise structure, a composite structural system with separated gravity and lateral load resisting systems (referred to as a ‘new separable system’) is proposed. Efficient numerical models of the composite frames, reinforced-concrete (RC) shear walls, RC coupling beams, and braces in the new separable system were developed using the finite-element program MSC.Marc. The fragility curves of these components were developed through parametric analysis and a literature review of previous research and database documents. Through time history analysis, the responses of roof displacement, storey drift, and residual drift were analysed and compared with those of the traditional composite frame–shear wall system. An incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was performed to obtain the IDA curves of the new separable system and the traditional system, and the seismic fragility curves of the two systems were built. The seismic performance of the new separable system was compared with that of the traditional system in terms of the collapse probability, dynamic safety factor, and risk of seismic damage. The results indicated that for high-rise composite structural systems with separated gravity and lateral resisting systems under frequently occurring earthquakes, the reasonable range of the storey drift ratio limit in design is 1/800 to 1/1000, and a limit value of 1/1000 is recommended conservatively.

Study on the influence of traveling wave effect on Γ-type combined structure using equivalent simplified model.

The Γ-type combined structure is an unconventional high-rise long-span structure, and there is no research literature about the influence of traveling wave effect on such structure at present. This study established an accuracy equivalent simplified model for such structure, employed the modified large mass method to carry out a time history analysis on the seismic response such as the shear force, axial force, and bending moment of the model affected by the traveling wave effect, and summarized the corresponding laws through the analysis results of different working conditions such as time difference, mass ratio, and stiffness ratio. The results demonstrate that, with the increase in the input time difference of seismic wave, the bending moment of the control section increases gradually, while the shear force and axial force decrease first and then increase, and traveling wave effect response within a certain range of time difference is weaker than the uniform excitation response. The differences of traveling wave effect responses due to the change of mass ratio between the vertical and horizontal parts of the structure are less than 10%, while the differences due to the change of stiffness ratio are greater than 20%.

A novel brace-damper system for seismic response suppression of high-rise steel frame structures

A novel brace-damper system for seismic response suppression of high-rise steel frame structures

Performance evaluation of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings under dynamic loading considering different structural systems

With the growing construction of towering structures owing to modernisation and growth in land use, tackling the height and stiffness concerns are now essential. Several structural systems have been developed to withstand various loading scenarios, including framed systems, shear wall systems, braced framed systems, outrigger systems, and diagrid systems. The present investigation employs E-tabs software to accomplish dynamic analyses on a G + 16 story RCC building with regard to every structural system. The variables studied were base shear values, storey shear force values, maximum displacement values, maximum storey drift values, stiffness of storey levels, and time periods. The major goal was to find the most appropriate system among those examined. This study can add to our knowledge concerning building dynamics and helps to make well-versed assessments about prospective high-rise constructions and the findings can be useful in the design of high-rise structures. After accomplishing the study, it was demonstrated that for numerous response parameters, the diagrid structural system proved to be the most successful in managing lateral forces, functioning similarly to the shear-walled model. The diagrid structural system's efficiency in optimising stability and resistance against dynamic loads demonstrates its potential for improving the safety as well as the performance of these structures. Finally, the diagrid system offers potential as a feasible high-rise building choice, providing an efficient and effective response to the issues faced by urbanization-driven vertical expansion.

Resilience of Medium-to-High-Rise Ductile Coupled Shear Walls Located in Canadian Seismic Zones and Strengthened with Externally Bonded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite: Nonlinear Time History Assessment

Coupled shear walls (CSWs) are structural elements used in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings to provide lateral stability and resistance against seismic and wind forces. When subjected to high levels of seismic loading, CSWs exhibit nonlinear deformation through cracking and crushing in concrete and yielding in reinforcements, thereby dissipating a significant amount of energy, leading to their permanent deformation. Externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (EB-FRP) sheets have proven to be effective in strengthening RC structures against various loading and environmental conditions. In addition, their high strength-to-weight ratio makes them an attractive solution as they can be easily applied without significantly increasing the structure’s weight. This study investigates the effectiveness of using EB-FRP sheets to reduce residual displacement in CSWs during severe earthquake loadings. Two series of 15-story and 20-story CSWs in Western and Eastern Canadian seismic zones, which serve as representative models for medium- and high-rise structures, were evaluated through nonlinear time history analysis. The numerical simulation of all CSWs and strengthened elements was carried out using the RUAUMOKO 2D software. The findings of this study provided evidence of the effectiveness of EB-FRP sheets in reducing residual deformation in CSWs. Additionally, significant reductions in the rotation of the coupling beams (CBs) and the inter-story drift ratio were observed. The results also revealed that bonding vertical FRP sheets to boundary elements and confining enhancement by wrapping CBs and wall piers is a very effective configuration in mitigating residual deformations.

Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics of Attached High Rise Risers

The exhaust chimney of third-generation nuclear power units is a typical attached high-rise riser structure. In this paper, the simplified mechanical model and dynamic model of China’s third-generation nuclear power Hualong-1 VNA system, including multiple nonlinear factors, are established for the first time. The DTM (differential transformation method) was first applied to solve the natural vibration characteristics of a multi-point constrained variable cross-section riser structure, and the effects of variable cross-section, variable mass, variable axial force, and different elastic constraint parameters on the natural vibration characteristics of the system were studied. The dynamic behavior of the VNA system under the combined action of internal flow velocity, vortex excitation, and foundation excitation was studied. The results show that the outer diameter function of the VNA system pipeline should be designed as a quadratic function or a near quadratic multi-segment constant value function. The “limiting” effect of constraining large stiffness can force low-order vibration modes with high constraint stiffness to jump to high-order vibration modes with low constraint stiffness. The elastic constraint arrangement scheme with near center symmetry can make the system vibration mode present a half stable and half-curved form. A new optimization design scheme has been proposed regarding the layout and stiffness parameters of the VNA system guide bracket. This can enable the VNA system pipeline to avoid severe oscillations near the response extreme values caused by multiple frequency excitations of seismic loads under design and accident conditions and ensure the service life of the equipment.

Safety risk analysis of high-rise steel structure building construction

At present, in the construction of high-rise steel structures, many construction companies have inaccurate grasp of the key technologies of steel structure construction, and in specific construction, they still follow past construction experience, resulting in the lack of guarantee for the quality of steel structure construction. In the construction of steel structures, there is a great correlation between various sub items, processes, and before processes. In addition, there is a close relationship between the progress, quality, cost and safety of the project. If there is a problem in any node or link, it will have a chain reaction, affect the realization of other goals and expand losses. This paper first expounds the characteristics of building steel structure, then analyzes the safety risks of high-rise steel structure construction, and finally puts forward the safety management strategies of high-rise steel structure construction, including innovating steel bar welding technology, risk control of environmental factors, strengthening on-site supervision of construction projects and increasing the application of BIM technology.

Experimental and numerical study on post-ultimate ductile performance of multi-celled concrete-filled steel tubular walls

As a novel steel-concrete composite wall, the multi-celled concrete-filled steel tubular wall (MCFSTW) has been applied in a substantial number of mid- and high-rise building structures due to its excellent in-plane lateral resistance, sufficient out-of-plane stability capacity, good bearing capacity and convenience in construction. In this paper, six groups of single-cellular members of MCFSTW were tested under axial compression to investigate the post-ultimate ductile performance of MCFSTW. In the process of analyzing experimental data, residual strength and ductility indexes were used to quantify the post-ultimate performance of MCFSTW. It was found that as the width-to-thickness ratio increased, the residual strength and ductility indexes decreased. Then, a refined finite element (FE) model for MCFSTW was established by using the software Abaqus. After comparing the results obtained from the refined FE model with the experimental results in this paper and other literature, the validated FE model was used to further investigate the effect of changing different parameters (concrete strength, steel properties and sectional dimensions) on the post-ultimate ductile performance of MCFSTW. After detailed analysis, the ductility and residual resistance indexes of MCFSTW were found to be linearly correlated with the confinement coefficient. Finally, the prediction formulas of residual resistance and ductility indexes were proposed and they can be used in engineering practice.

Study and Application of Steel and Composite Walls with Corrugated Steel Plates in China

Steel and composite walls with corrugated steel plates have found their wide application in China due to their excellent structural performance. Extensive research has been conducted over the past few decades to investigate their behavior and load-bearing capacity. This paper summarized numerous experimental and numerical studies on the corrugated steel plate shear walls (CSPSWs), double corrugated steel plate shear walls (DCSPSWs), and concrete-infilled double steel corrugated-plate walls (CDSCWs). First, the load-bearing mechanism and design methods of CSPSWs and DCSPSWs under monotonic and horizontal cyclic loads were elucidated. Subsequently, this paper elaborates the load-bearing capacity and corresponding design methods including the sectional strength capacity, the overall stability, and the wall panel stability of CDSCWs under axial compression, compressive-bending combination, and compressive-bending-shear combination. The proposed design methods of CSPSWs, DCSPSWs, and CDSCWs have successfully implemented in practical high-rise building structures and some of them have been adopted by the Chinese engineering construction standards T/CECS 290 and T/CECS 624.

Achieving strength and sustainability in ternary blended Concrete: Leveraging industrial and agricultural By-Products with controlled Nano-SiO2 content

High-performance ternary mixed nano-concrete has been extensively utilized in high-rise structures due to its desirable strength, durability, and thermal insulation ability. Additionally, nano-concrete usage is the most current area of research in concrete components. This research investigates the compressive strength, flexural behavior, and micro-structure behavior of nano-SiO2 concrete specimens. This study also evaluates the strength development of mixes combining binary and ternary combinations of agricultural by-products (rice husk ash, corncob ash, and bagasse ash) and industrial by-products (fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and metakaolin). The cost-efficiency, energy-efficiency, and eco-efficiency of ternary blended nano-concrete with various additives were considered when evaluating their sustainability capabilities. This study aims to improve sustainable high-performance concrete without overutilizing or underutilizing additives. Based on the findings, nano-SiO2 concrete can achieve greater compressive strength ranges of 51 to 70 MPa with binary and ternary admixtures. Furthermore, ternary nano-SiO2 concrete performs more sustainably than other mixes regarding cost-effectiveness, energy use, and CO2 emissions, as do mixes made of sugarcane bagasse ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag.

VERTICAL IRREGULAR RC BUILDING SEISMIC ANALYSIS WITH STIFFNESS & SETBACK

The distribution of stiffness, strength, and mass in both vertical and horizontal orientations affects how well a high rise structure performs during powerful earthquake events. A building is considered irregular if there is a difference in stiffness, strength, and mass between the adjoining storeys. The performance and behavior of regular and vertical irregular G+10 reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under seismic loading are the main topics of the current study. In this study, stiffness and setback, two types of vertical abnormalities, are taken into consideration. Response spectrum analysis (RSA) is used to conduct seismic analysis on a total of eight normal and irregular structures. It is possible to get several earthquake reactions, including storey displacement, storey drift, overturning moment, storey shear force, and storey stiffness. These replies have been used to compare the differences between regular and irregular structures. The outcome suggests that a stiff building construction with uneven setbacks causes instability under earthquake stress. In RC construction, a proportional quantity of stiffness is advantageous to regulate the instability. Keyword: Setback, Vertical irregularity, Storey displacement, Storey drifts, Response spectrum analysis.